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Sugarcane juice

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Sugarcane juice
Machine used to crush sugar cane to obtain the juice

Sugarcane juice is the liquid extracted from pressed sugarcane. It is consumed as a beverage in many places, especially where sugarcane is commercially grown, such as Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, North Africa, mainly Egypt, and also in South America. Sugarcane juice is obtained by crushing peeled sugarcane in a mill and is one of the main precursors of rum.

In the United States, where processed sugarcane syrup is used as a sweetener in food and beverage manufacturing, "evaporated cane juice" is considered by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be a misleading term for "sugar" on product labels because the FDA regards "juice" as a liquid derived from fruits or vegetables; the preferred term is "cane sugar".[1][2]

Health risks

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A mechanical method of extracting sugarcane juice

There are some diseases that can be transmitted by raw sugarcane, such as Leptospirosis.[3] In Brazil, sugarcane juice has been linked to cases of Chagas disease, as sugarcane can contain traces of its responsible pathogen, Trypanosoma cruzi, left by infected insects if not properly cleaned.[4]

Drinking sugarcane juice in Egypt may pose health risks due to contamination with the mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1.[5][6]

Countries

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Brazil

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Sugarcane juice, known locally as caldo de cana,[7] or garapa, is commonly sold by street vendors in Brazil.[8] In a process similar to that of the street vendors of India, machines are used to press the sugarcane and the juice is extracted.[9] It is sometimes served with lemon or pineapple juice.

Egypt

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In Egypt, sugarcane juice is known as asab and is sold in juice shops around the country. The largest juice shop in Egypt is in Saft El Laban, Giza. Egyptians also mix lemon with asab and let it ferment to produce a fermented variant of the drink. The most highly prized asab comes from Minya, Egypt.[10]

India

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Sugarcane juice is sold by street vendors throughout India. The vendors put the sugarcane in a machine, which presses and extracts the sugarcane juice out. Sugarcane juice is usually served with a dash of lime and/or ginger juice. It is a very popular drink, especially during summer months, as a refreshing form of heat relief. [11]

Before sugarcane was introduced to the southern region, it had already been cultivated for many centuries in Southeast Asia and India for its sweet juice, which was used to produce crude sugar. When Jesuit priests began growing sugarcane in what is now downtown New Orleans in 1751, they faced challenges in efficiently converting its juice into sugar due to the high costs, unreliability, and lack of profitability. However, by the 1790s, businessman Etienne de Bore, along with skilled sugar maker Antoine Morin from Santo Domingo, successfully refined sugarcane juice into granulated sugar, thereby achieving profitability in the process.[12]

Indonesia

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Es air tebu, iced sugarcane juice sold by street vendor in Jakarta, Indonesia.

In Indonesia, sugarcane juice drink is called minuman sari tebu. The iced sugar cane juice is called es tebu.[13] In Indonesian, tebu is sugarcane and es is ice. It is one of the traditional beverages commonly sold street-side in Indonesia.[14] The sugarcane plant has been cultivated in Java since ancient times. The earliest record comes from a 9th-century inscription, dated from the Medang Mataram period, that describes a sweet drink called Nalaka Rasa, which translates as "sugarcane juice".[15]

The juice is extracted using a pressing machine to squeeze the sugary sap from sugarcane. The machine might be human-powered, or powered by a gasoline engine or electricity. The juice sold there is always served cold with ice cubes. Traditionally, it is sold throughout the country, especially among street vendors that set their stall on the street side. Today, cleaner vendors work in food courts of malls and shopping centers.[16]

Madagascar

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In the eastern region of Madagascar, sugarcane juice is fermented to make an inexpensive alcoholic beverage called betsa-betsa. The drink is popular with locals because it is cheaper than beer.[17]

Myanmar

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A Burmese street vendor in Yangon prepares sugarcane juice.

In Myanmar, sugarcane juice is known as kyan ye (ကြံရည်) and is available throughout the country.[18] It is typically brewed during the summertime, and optionally blended with lime, jujube, or orange.[19]

Pakistan

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In 2019, the government of Pakistan declared sugarcane juice to be Pakistan's "national drink".[20]

United States

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In the United States, where the FDA regulates the description of ingredients on food labels, the term "evaporated cane juice" cannot be used because it misleads consumers to believe that cane juice is similar to fruit or vegetable juices.[2] Instead, the FDA recommends "cane sugar" or another term determined by manufacturers who should "review the final guidance and consider whether their labeling terminology accurately describes the basic nature and characterizing properties of the sweetener used".[1]

Vietnam

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A man is squeezing sugarcane juice for guests in Điện Biên, Vietnam.

Sugarcane juice, known as nước mía or mía đá, is common in Vietnam as a drink. Other fruit juices may be added to balance the sweetness, such as kumquat[21] or chanh muối. It used to be sold at street stalls in plastic bags, now in disposable plastic cups filled with ice or bottled.[22]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Federal Register: Ingredients Declared as Evaporated Cane Juice; Guidance for Industry; Availability". Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration. 25 May 2016. Archived from the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  2. ^ a b "Ingredients Declared as Evaporated Cane Juice: Guidance for Industry". Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration. 1 May 2016. Archived from the original on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  3. ^ Fisheries, Agriculture and. "Leptospirosis". Business.qld.gov.au. Archived from the original on 26 March 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  4. ^ "Perguntas frequentes". Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2017-08-15.
  5. ^ Abdallah, Mohamed F.; Krska, Rudolf; Sulyok, Michael (2016). "Mycotoxin Contamination in Sugarcane Grass and Juice: First Report on Detection of Multiple Mycotoxins and Exposure Assessment for Aflatoxins B1 and G1 in Humans". Toxins. 8 (11): 343. doi:10.3390/toxins8110343. PMC 5127139. PMID 27869706.
  6. ^ Abdallah, Mohamed F.; Audenaert, Kris; Lust, Leonie; Landschoot, Sofie; Bekaert, Boris; Haesaert, Geert; De Boevre, Marthe; De Saeger, Sarah (1 February 2020). "Risk characterization and quantification of mycotoxins and their producing fungi in sugarcane juice: A neglected problem in a widely-consumed traditional beverage". Food Control. 108: 106811. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106811.
  7. ^ "Brazilian Street Food - A Dica do Dia". Rio & Learn. 28 September 2015. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  8. ^ Andrade, Maria do Carmo; Joaquim Nabuco Foudantion. "Sugarcane Juice (Caldo de Cana)". basilio.fundaj.gov.br. Recife, Brazil: Government of Brasil. Archived from the original on 22 May 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  9. ^ "Sugar Cane Juice aka "Caldo de Cana"". Colorful Foodie. 9 April 2015. Archived from the original on 19 April 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  10. ^ Bruce Kraig; Colleen Taylor Sen (2013). Street Food around the World. ABC-CLIO. p. 130. ISBN 978-1598849554.
  11. ^ Monisha Bharadwaj (16 July 2018). Indian Cookery Course. Octopus Books. pp. 1093–. ISBN 978-0-85783-593-2.
  12. ^ SCOTT R., SIMMONS (2014). Sugar and Sugarcane (APA 7th ed.). The University of North Carolina Press. pp. 267–269. ISBN 9780807831465.
  13. ^ "Kisah di Balik Segarnya Minuman Es Tebu". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2017-11-15. Retrieved 2017-11-15.
  14. ^ W, Rian Yulianto. Minuman Tradisional Indonesia (in Indonesian). Gulajava Ministudio. p. 36.
  15. ^ Widjanarko, Tulus. "Hanya Ada Di Candi Sojiwan: Menu Hidangan Raja Mataram Kuno". Tempo (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2017-09-29. Retrieved 2017-11-15.
  16. ^ Mediatama, Grahanusa. "Menyedot laba manis minuman tebu". kontan.co.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2017-11-15. Retrieved 2017-11-15.
  17. ^ Bradt, Hilary; Austin, Daniel (1 July 2014). Madagascar. Bradt Travel Guides. ISBN 9781841624983 – via Google Books.
  18. ^ "နွေရာသီနဲ့ လိုက်ဖက်တဲ့ သဘာဝ ကြံရည် သောက်ခြင်းရဲ့ ကျန်းမာရေး ကောင်းကျိုး ၆ ခု". ဧရာဝတီ (in Burmese). 2018-03-15. Archived from the original on 2020-10-25. Retrieved 2021-01-12.
  19. ^ "နွေရာသီနဲ့ ကြံရည်". MyFood Myanmar (in Burmese). 6 April 2016. Archived from the original on 2021-09-22. Retrieved 2021-01-12.
  20. ^ "Govt declares sugarcane juice as 'national drink' of Pakistan". The Nation. 25 January 2019. Archived from the original on 10 February 2019. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
  21. ^ "Sweetest at the throat". 30 March 2010. Archived from the original on 11 November 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
  22. ^ "Nuoc mia, or sugar-cane juice". 6 November 2008. Archived from the original on 21 September 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
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