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Charles-Étienne Gudin de La Sablonnière

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Charles-Étienne Gudin de La Sablonnière
Born(1768-02-13)13 February 1768
Montargis, Kingdom of France
Died22 August 1812(1812-08-22) (aged 44)
Smolensk, Russian Empire
Allegiance France
Years of service1782–1812
RankGeneral of Division
CommandsInfantry
Battles / wars
AwardsCount of the Empire
Other workGovernor of the Palace of Fontainebleau

Charles-Étienne César Gudin de La Sablonnière (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁl etjɛn sezaʁ ɡydɛ̃ də la sablɔnjɛʁ]; 13 February 1768 – 22 August 1812) was a French general who served during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.[1]

Biography

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Gudin was born to a noble family in Montargis, on 13 February 1768. After studying at the military school of Brienne, in October 1782 he joined the King's Guard as a gendarme. In September 1784 he entered the Régiment d'Artois with the rank of sub-lieutenant, and between January 1791 and January 1793 was stationed in the Saint-Domingue garrison as a lieutenant.[2] Gudin was appointed to several positions as a general staff officer in the Army of the North, then of the Rhine and Moselle. He became a brigade general at the beginning of 1799 and was given a command during the Swiss campaign. The following year he took part in the battles of Stein, Stockach, Messkirch, Memmingen, Höchstädt and Neuburg. Promoted to general of division for his valor on the battlefield, on 11 July 1800 he took Füssen.[1] That winter he commanded the 2nd division in the right wing under Lecourbe at the decisive French victory at Hohenlinden.

Gudin's name is inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe (7th from the top on the left).

Gudin was given the command of the 3rd Division in the Grande Armée and fought in the wars of the Third Coalition and Fourth Coalition between 1805 and 1807. His 3rd Division of the III Corps was the first major formation into action at the Battle of Auerstädt and it bore the main brunt of the fighting. It suffered 40 percent casualties, one of whom was Gudin, who was seriously wounded.[3] He participated in forcing the town of Custrin to capitulate and then playing an important part at the battles of Pultusk and Eylau. A count of the First French Empire in 1808, he was named governor of the castle of Fontainebleau the following year. He then took part in several battles of the War of the Fifth Coalition: Thann, Landshut, Eckmühl, the taking of Ratisbon. He was wounded at the bloody battle of Wagram. In 1812 he was given the command of a division of the second Grande Armée.[1] He was struck by a cannonball during the Battle of Valutino, fighting against Russian troops near Smolensk in Russia. His leg was amputated but he developed gangrene and died three days after the battle.[4][5] His heart was removed to be buried in a chapel in the Père Lachaise Cemetery, Paris.[6]

Recovery of remains

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On 6 July 2019, in a park in central Smolensk, archaeologists led by French historian Pierre Malinowski[7] found a coffin and skeletal remains that bore signs of trauma consistent with the historical record of Gudin's death (one leg amputated and another one wounded).[8][6][9] The find was confirmed when DNA tests from the remains found in Russia matched those of Pierre-César Gudin, Gudin's brother, who was also a Napoleonic general.[5]

Guidin's body was subsequently returned to France, and on 13 July 2021 the French Minister of Veterans Affairs, Geneviève Darrieussecq, accompanied by a guard of honour in Napoleonic uniform, officially received his remains. The tense international situation saw the cancellation of a planned larger ceremony.[10] Gudin's remains were buried in the Hôtel des Invalides on 2 December 2021, marking the anniversary of the French victory at the Battle of Austerlitz.[11]

Family

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Gudin married Jeanne Caroline Christine Creutzer, the sister of Brigadier-General Charles Auguste Creutzer (1780–1832).[12] His younger brother Pierre César Gudin des Bardelières [fr] (1775-1855) also followed a military career, reaching the rank of brigade general, and was made a Baron of the Empire by Napoleon in 1810.[13]

Recognition

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His name appears on the Arc de Triomphe in Paris.[1][4]

References

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Citations

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  1. ^ a b c d Fierro, Palluel-Guillard & Tulard 1995, p. 821.
  2. ^ de Lacaze 1858, p. 343.
  3. ^ Chandler 1993, p. 68.
  4. ^ a b Mullié 1852, p. 33.
  5. ^ a b "Skeleton find in Russia may be Napoleonic general". BBC News. 29 August 2019. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
  6. ^ a b "Remains of one of Napoleon's 1812 generals believed found in Russia". Reuters. 9 July 2019.
  7. ^ "Mystery of Napoleon's missing general solved". BBC News. 2019-11-07. Retrieved 2020-07-28.
  8. ^ Samuel, Henry (2019-11-06). "One-legged skeleton found under Russian dance floor is Napoleon's 'lost general', DNA tests confirm". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2020-07-28.
  9. ^ "Найденные в Смоленске останки могли принадлежать наполеоновскому генералу Гюдену" [The remains found in Smolensk could belong to the Napoleonic General Guden]. TASS (in Russian). 8 July 2019.
  10. ^ "France receives remains of Napoleonic general from Russia". BBC News. 13 July 2021.
  11. ^ "Tribute to General Gudin at the Hôtel National des Invalides, 2 December 2021". Fondation Napoléon. 8 December 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  12. ^ Henner 1999.
  13. ^ Chuquet 1898, p. 386.

Sources

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