Croton Water Filtration Plant
| Croton Water Filtration Plant | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Alternative names | Croton Filtration Plant |
| Etymology | Croton River |
| General information | |
| Status | Completed |
| Type | Water treatment facility |
| Location | Mosholu Golf Course, Van Cortlandt Park |
| Town or city | The Bronx |
| Country | US |
| Coordinates | 40°53′10″N 73°52′44″W / 40.886005°N 73.878808°W |
| Named for | Croton Watershed |
| Construction started | 2007 |
| Completed | 2015 |
| Cost | $3.2 billion USD[1][2][3] |
| Client | New York City Department of Parks and Recreation |
| Owner | City of New York |
| Management | New York City Department of Environmental Protection (NYCDEP) |
| Grounds | 12 acres (4.9 ha)[1] |
| Design and construction | |
| Architecture firm |
|
| Developer | Skanska / Tully Construction joint venture[1] |
| Other designers | Emerson Process Management[1] |
The Croton Water Filtration Plant, is a drinking water treatment facility in New York City which began operation in 2015. The plant construction cost was over $3 billion,[6][3] The facility was built 160 feet (49 m) under Van Cortlandt Park's Mosholu Golf Course in the Bronx.[7]
Background
[edit]Through the early 21st century, the three aqueduct systems that supply water to the city utilized chlorination technology, but not filtration (unlike other large municipal water systems in the US). The water in the Croton Aqueduct system, the oldest of the three, often had high turbidity levels, which limits the effectiveness of chlorination as a disinfection process.[8] The turbidity problems in the Croton Watershed come from naturally occurring sources and urban runoff pollution. The Croton system supplies about ten percent of the New York City water system[9] and building a filtration system to address the turbidity problems had been proposed since the 1990s.[6]
The Croton filtration plant was built after a lawsuit was filed in 1997 against the City of New York by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Department of Justice and the State of New York.[10] The city settled the suit and a consent decree was issued with the condition that the city would build the plant by 2006.[9] The city had been studying possible sites for such a plant for more than 20 years in both the Bronx and nearby Westchester County. The plant protects the public from Giardia and Cryptosporidium, microorganisms which can cause serious health problems.[2] The project was spearheaded by then Commissioner Christopher O. Ward. [11]
In the city's early plans, it considered that one of the Croton plant's additional benefits would be to reduce the city's dependence on its two other water sources, the Catskill Aqueduct and Delaware Aqueduct, which at the time were only minimally filtered.[12] Subsequently the city built the Catskill-Delaware Water Ultraviolet Disinfection Facility, which began operation in 2013.[13][14]
Design
[edit]Raw water is delivered to the filtration plant by the New Croton Aqueduct and the Jerome Park Reservoir.[2] The Croton plant has a capacity of 320 million U.S. gallons (1.2 billion liters) per day and is designed to remove 99.9% of Giardia cysts, Cryptosporidium, and viruses. The system uses conventional drinking water treatment technologies:
- Coagulation and flocculation, and chemical balancing
- Dissolved air flotation and dual media filtration (activated coal and sand)
- Ultraviolet and chlorine disinfection
- Corrosion control (orthophosphate)
- Fluoridation.[1]
Project delays, costs and completion
[edit]The filtration plant was originally projected to cost $800 million,[3] but the project experienced delays and ballooning costs due to objections from the local community,[7] which required the city to propose alternate sites for such a plant.[12]
To lessen the disruption caused by the plant's construction, in 2010 the city used mitigation funds from the construction budget to restore the Van Cortlandt Park Parade Ground.[15][16] The Sachkerah Woods Playground, located at the park's southeast corner near the Mosholu Golf Course, was also built using Croton mitigation funds.[17] The new plant allowed the city to provide greater capacity for its water system.[6] This was especially important since the city was preparing to shut off part of the Delaware Aqueduct in 2022[18][6] allowing the completion of a tunnel that would bypass a leaking section of the aqueduct in Newburgh, New York.[19]
In May 2015 the New York City Department of Environmental Protection announced that the Croton filtration plant had been recently activated. The final project cost was $3.2 billion.[2] The 830 by 550 feet (250 by 170 m) plant is larger than Yankee Stadium.[6]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e "Croton Water Filtration Plant". Water Technology. New York: Verdict Media Ltd. Retrieved 2022-01-19.
- ^ a b c d "Croton Water Filtration Plant Activated". New York City Department of Environmental Protection (NYCDEP). May 8, 2015. Press release.
- ^ a b c Nessen, Stephen (June 17, 2015). "Nearly 30 Years and $3.5 Billion Later, NYC Gets Its First Filtration Plant". WNYC Radio.
- ^ Gonchar, Joann (March 1, 2016). "Croton Water Filtration Plant". Architectural Record. BNP Media.
- ^ "Croton Water Filtration Plant - ASLA-NY". American Society of Landscape Architects, New York Chapter. Retrieved October 18, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e Dunlap, David W. (May 8, 2015). "As a Plant Nears Completion, Croton Water Flows Again to New York City". The New York Times.
- ^ a b Depalma, Anthony (March 25, 2004). "Water Hazard?; Plan to Put Filtration Plant Under Park Angers the Bronx". The New York Times.
- ^ "National Primary Drinking Water Regulations: Turbidity". Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
- ^ a b Rohde, David (May 20, 1998). "Pressed by U.S., City Hall Agrees To Build a Plant to Filter Water". The New York Times.
- ^ "United States And State Of New York Announce Start Up Of Croton Water Filtration Plant In Compliance With Mandates Of Federal Consent Decree". U.S. Attorney’s Office, Eastern District of New York. 2015-05-08. Press release.
- ^ https://observer.com/2003/03/city-to-burrow-new-1-billion-filtration-plant/ [bare URL]
- ^ a b Martin, Douglas (December 2, 1998). "Filtration Plant Is Placed Within Van Cortlandt Park". The New York Times. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- ^ "Turning on the Zap: New York City Readies World's Largest UV Drinking-Water Disinfection Plant". Scientific American. August 31, 2012.
- ^ "NYC Catskill-Delaware UV Facility Opening Ceremony". London, ON: Trojan Technologies. Archived from the original on 2015-06-13.
- ^ New York City Parks Department 2014, p. 12.
- ^ "Groundbreaking Ceremony for Renovation Of Van Cortlandt Park's Parade Ground". home2.nyc.gov. Retrieved January 9, 2017.
- ^ "Sachkerah Woods Playground: July 2007 Park of the Month : NYC Parks". Van Cortlandt Park Highlights. June 28, 2007. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
- ^ "Delaware Aqueduct to be Shut Down October 2022 through the Spring of 2023". Hancock, NY: Friends of the Upper Delaware River. 2022-03-14.
- ^ Dunlap, David W. (November 19, 2014). "Crews at Work Replacing Section of Delaware Aqueduct". The New York Times.
Sources
[edit]- Jackson, Kenneth T., ed. (2010). The Encyclopedia of New York City (2nd ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11465-2.
- "Van Cortlandt Park Master Plan 2030". New York City Parks Department. July 15, 2014. Retrieved January 6, 2017.
External links
[edit]- Activation of Croton Filtration Plant - Construction photos by NYCDEP