World Weather Attribution
World Weather Attribution is an academic collaboration studying extreme event attribution, calculations of the impact of climate change on extreme meteorological events such as heat waves, droughts, and storms. When an extreme event occurs, the project computes the likelihood that the occurrence, intensity, and duration of the event was due to climate change. The project specializes in producing reports rapidly, while news of the event is still fresh.[1][2][3]
World Weather Attribution was founded in 2014 by climatologists Friederike Otto, who continues as leader, and Geert Jan van Oldenborgh.[4] Participating institutions are Imperial College London, the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, Laboratoire des sciences du climat et de l'environnement, Princeton University, the U.S. National Center for Atmospheric Research, ETH Zurich, IIT Delhi, and climate impact specialists at the Red Cross / Red Crescent Climate Centre.[5]
The WWA response to an extreme meteorological event has three parts:[1][6]
- Define the event: the geographic region affected, which weather parameters are of interest.
- Gather historical data: weather data from the region from 1950 to the present. From this historical data statistics on normal and extreme weather patterns for the locale can be computed.
- Simulate the event many times with computer models, comparing simulations with present-day greenhouse gas conditions against previous greenhouse-gas conditions.
Results are synthesized into a report and published first rapidly, then eventually through the scientific review process.
Example incidents
[edit]The following are examples of extreme cold, flood, heat, and drought events that have been studied by WWA.
- An unusual weather pattern which froze vineyards and other crops in France in spring 2021[7] was 60% more likely due to climate change.[8]
- Floods in Nigeria and neighboring areas in 2022 were rendered more likely and more intense due to climate change. WWA modeled the June to September rainfall in the Lake Chad and lower Niger river catchment areas, looking at total rainfall and intense rain weeks.[9][10]
- The 2022 heat wave in India and Pakistan was rendered 30 times more likely and more intense due to climate change.[11][12]
- A several year drought contributing to famine in Madagascar in 2021 was likely not caused by climate change. WWA studied rainfall in southern Madagascar for the two-year period ending June 2021, concluding that the observed drought had a 1 in 135 chance of occurring, which was only slightly affected by climate change.[13][14]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Roston, Eric; Gu, Jackie (July 19, 2022). "Is the Heat Wave Caused By Climate Change? This Is What Scientists Say". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 2022-11-17.
- ^ Hayhoe, Katherine; Otto, Friederike (August 17, 2021). "What Cutting-Edge Science Can Tell Us About Extreme Weather". New York Times. Retrieved 2022-11-17.
- ^ "The climate project that changed how we understand extreme weather". Radio France Internationale. AFP. October 22, 2021. Retrieved 2022-11-25.
- ^ Fountain, Henry (October 22, 2021). "Geert Jan van Oldenborgh, 59, Dies; Linked Weather Disasters to Climate Change". New York Times. Retrieved 2022-11-17.
- ^ "About World Weather Attribution initiative". World Weather Attribution. Retrieved 2022-11-17.
- ^ van Oldenborgh, G.J.; van der Wiel, K.; Kew, S.; et al. (2021). "Pathways and pitfalls in extreme event attribution". Climatic Change. 166 (13). Springer: 13. Bibcode:2021ClCh..166...13V. doi:10.1007/s10584-021-03071-7. hdl:10044/1/92062. S2CID 234099522. Retrieved 2022-11-17.
- ^ Noack, Rick (April 26, 2021). "French vineyards devastated by April frost that followed unusually warm March". Washington Post. Retrieved 2022-11-25.
- ^ "Climate change increased the likelihood of damaging frosts from the French April 2021 cold wave by about 60%" (Press release). Government of France, Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives. June 18, 2021. Retrieved 2022-11-25.
- ^ Kabukuru, Wanjohi (November 16, 2022). "Nigeria floods 80 times more likely with climate change". AP NEWS. Retrieved 2022-11-25.
- ^ "Climate change exacerbated heavy rainfall leading to large scale flooding in highly vulnerable communities in West Africa" (Press release). World Weather Attribution. November 16, 2022. Retrieved 2022-11-25.
- ^ Butler, Lottie; Stack-Maddox, Siobhan (May 26, 2022). "Climate change made deadly heatwave in India and Pakistan 30 times more likely" (Press release). Imperial College London. Retrieved 2022-11-25.
- ^ Ghosal, Aniruddha (May 24, 2022). "South Asia's intense heat wave a 'sign of things to come'". AP NEWS. Retrieved 2022-11-25.
- ^ Zhong, Raymond (December 1, 2021). "'So Many Dimensions': A Drought Study Underlines the Complexity of Climate". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-01-10.
- ^ "Factors other than climate change are the main drivers of recent food insecurity in Southern Madagascar" (Press release). World Weather Attribution. December 1, 2021. Retrieved 2023-01-10.