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John Browne, Baron Browne of Madingley

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The Right Honourable
The Lord Browne of Madingley
FRS FREng FGS
Official portrait, 2019
Chief Executive Officer of BP
In office
1995–2007
Preceded byDavid Simon
Succeeded byTony Hayward
Personal details
Born
Edmund John Phillip Browne

(1948-02-20) 20 February 1948 (age 76)
Hamburg, Germany
Political partyNone (crossbench)
EducationThe King's School, Ely
Alma mater
OccupationExecutive Chairman of L1 Energy, Past President of the Royal Academy of Engineering, Author, Member of the House of Lords

Edmund John Phillip Browne, Baron Browne of Madingley (born 20 February 1948), is a British businessman.

He is best known for his role as the chief executive of the energy company BP between 1995 and 2007. This period has been described as the company's "golden period of expansion and diversification".[1] Browne was lauded during this period as he engineered mergers with rival Amoco and ARCO, and gained access to Russian oil reserves with the creation of TNK-BP. Nicknamed the "Sun King" for his management style, he was also praised for transforming the oil and gas industry's approach to climate change, and for creating a renewable and alternative energy business within BP. He resigned from BP in May 2007 in controversial circumstances surrounding his personal life and sexuality.

He is a former president of the Royal Academy of Engineering[2] (2006 to July 2011), and has served on the boards of Goldman Sachs, Intel and Daimler Benz. Since 2001, he has been a crossbench member of the House of Lords. Lord Browne of Madingley is a former partner at Riverstone, where he was co-head of the world's largest renewable energy private equity fund. He received his undergraduate education at the University of Cambridge and later attended Stanford University.

Early life and education

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Browne was born on 20 February 1948 in Hamburg, Germany. His father was a British Army officer who later worked for Anglo-Persian Oil (renamed the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC) in 1935), which later became British Petroleum. His mother, Paula, was a Hungarian Jewish Auschwitz survivor.[3][4] Many members of Browne's Jewish maternal family, including his grandparents, were murdered at the Birkenau concentration camp during The Holocaust.[5]

Browne was educated at The King's School (now called King's Ely) and St John's College, Cambridge, where he earned a First Class BA degree in physics. In addition to his degree in physics from the University of Cambridge, he holds an MS degree in business from Stanford University, California.

Career at BP

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At the suggestion of his father, Browne joined BP as an apprentice in 1966 while still at university. He remained with the corporation throughout his career.

Between 1969 and 1983, he held a variety of exploration and production posts in Anchorage, Alaska, New York, San Francisco, London and Canada. In 1984 he became group treasurer and chief executive of BP Finance International. In April 1986, he took up the position of executive vice president and chief financial officer of Standard Oil of Ohio in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1987, following the BP/Standard merger, in addition to his position as executive vice president and chief financial officer of BP America, he was appointed chief executive officer of Standard Oil Production Company. In 1989, he became managing director and chief executive officer of BP Exploration based in London. In September 1991, he joined BP's board as a managing director.

He was appointed group chief executive on 10 June 1995 after the British government sold its last remaining stake in the company. Following the merger of BP and Amoco, he became group chief executive of the combined group on 31 December 1998 and served until 1 May 2007. He was one of the most highly paid executives in the UK, with a remuneration package of approximately £5.7 million in 2004.

From 1997, Browne sought to re-brand BP.[4] The company linked itself in its corporate communications with green issues by the overt link of its BP initials with the phrase "Beyond Petroleum". Browne stated that the right to self-determination was crucial for people everywhere, and that he saw his company's mission as to find ways to meet current needs without excessive harm to the environment, while developing future, more sustainable sources of energy. He promised that BP would reduce its own CO2 emissions by 10% by 2010, a target which was achieved nine years ahead of schedule.

An investigation of the fatal explosion at BP's Texas City, Texas, plant on 23 March 2005 that killed 15 workers and injured more than 170 others, resulted in fines and awards being given out for breaches in its health and safety regime.

Resignation

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It was announced on 25 July 2006 that Browne would stand down as chief executive of BP in December 2008. There had been press speculation that he had wished to continue beyond this date, but he made it clear that he did not wish to do so.[6] On 6 January 2007, Browne won his first interim injunction against the publication of allegations by his former partner, Jeff Chevalier. Browne later disclosed being "terrified" that his sexuality would be revealed publicly.[7] A week later it was announced that his retirement date had been brought forward to July 2007 and that Tony Hayward would succeed him.[8] In April 2007, after a court case lasting over four weeks, Browne appealed to the Judicial Committee of the House of Lords, who ruled that he could not prevent Associated Newspapers from printing allegations about his romantic life and alleged misuse of company funds.[9] Lord Browne resigned from BP on 1 May 2007,[10][11] and resigned as a non-executive director of Goldman Sachs on 10 May 2007.

At the time he faced allegations that he had supported his partner, Canadian Jeff Chevalier, throughout their four-year relationship, and when Chevalier moved back to Toronto at the end of the relationship, that Browne paid for 12 months of a lease on an apartment.[12] Browne says he felt under pressure to resign due to UK newspaper Mail on Sunday's revelations about his personal life and relationship with Chevalier. As part of a statement made at the time of his resignation, he commented: "In my 41 years with BP, I have kept my private life separate from my business life. I have always regarded my sexuality as a personal matter, to be kept private. It is a matter of deep disappointment that a newspaper group has now decided that allegations about my personal life should be made public."[13]

A court accepted that Browne had lied over how he met Chevalier. In a deposition to the court, Browne said the pair had met in a London park; Browne's associates later acknowledged that he had actually met Chevalier via a website called Suited and Booted.[7] However, Mr Justice Eady, the presiding judge in the case, said he decided not to refer the matter to the Attorney General, seeing disclosure in the judgement of Lord Browne's behaviour as "probably sufficient punishment",[7] and adding Browne's "willingness to tell a deliberate lie to the court, persisted in for about two weeks, ... is relevant in assessing his own credibility and the overall merits. So too is his willingness casually to 'trash' the reputation of Mr Chevalier and to discredit him in the eyes of the court".[14]

BP chairman, Peter Sutherland, characterised claims that company assets and resources had been abused as "unfounded or insubstantive".[15]

Chairman of Cuadrilla

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Browne worked as Chairman of Cuadrilla Resources in the early 2010s. He was also a managing partner at Riverstone Holdings, the venture capital firm behind Cuadrilla.[16]

Browne left Cuadrilla in 2015 to become executive chairman of L1 Energy, "an oil and gas firm backed by Russian billionaire Mikhail Fridman.[17]

In 2019, Browne said that "fracking in the UK doesn’t make much sense. I think it was a test to see if it worked. We probably don’t need to do it."[18]

Elevation to a peerage and current activities

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He was president of the Royal Academy of Engineering[2] from 2006 to 2011. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2006. In 1998, he was knighted[19] by Queen Elizabeth II and in 2001 named by the House of Lords Appointments Commission[20] as one of the "people's peers" taking the title Baron Browne of Madingley, of Cambridge in the County of Cambridgeshire,[21][22] and becoming a crossbencher in the House of Lords. In 2000, he was the recipient of the FIRST Responsible Capitalism Award.[23] He was appointed a trustee of the Tate Gallery on 1 August 2007 and chair of the trustees in January 2009.[24] In November 2009, it was announced that he would chair an independent review into university tuition fees which reported in October 2010.[25] In June 2010, he was appointed as the Government's Lead Non-Executive Director, charged with recruiting business leaders to reformed departmental boards.[26]

In October 2010, it was announced that he had been appointed chairman of the advisory board at Stanhope Capital as the asset manager gears up for international expansion. The former chief executive of BP will help advise on attracting investment from charities and endowment trusts, which at present make up a small number of the Stanhope's total clients.

He is chairman of the international advisory board of the Blavatnik School of Government at the University of Oxford,[27] and chairman of the trustees of the Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering. He is chairman of the Francis Crick Institute, chairman of the Donmar Warehouse Theatre, and since September 2017 has served as chairman of the Courtauld Institute of Art, following the end of his tenure at Tate. He is also a trustee of the Holocaust Educational Trust.

Browne sits on the board of directors of IHS Markit and SparkCognition, and is a member of the advisory boards of Edelman, Schillings, and the big data technology companies Afiniti,[28] Kayrros and Windward. Between 2015 and 2020, he served as non-executive chairman of Huawei UK.

He is the founder and chairman of the John Browne Charitable Trust, which "supports projects that will make a tangible difference to the lives of people with great potential, particularly those from under-represented backgrounds." Over the past 20 years, the trust has distributed more than £2 million.[citation needed]

Browne joined General Atlantic as a senior advisor in 2021 and is co-founder and Chairman of BeyondNetZero, a climate growth equity venture with General Atlantic, targeting investments in companies providing solutions to climate change.[29]

From 2015 to 2021, Browne was appointed executive chairman of L1 Energy, an energy investment vehicle co-owned by Russian billionaire Mikhail Fridman.[30] In December 2017, it was reported that Browne had led negotiations to create a new joint venture between L1 Energy and BASF, merging their respective oil and gas businesses to create Wintershall Dea,[31] where Browne now chairs the supervisory board.

Browne was the UK Government lead non-executive director until January 2015. His remit was to work with Secretaries of State to appoint non-executives to the board of each government department.[32] In April 2021, Browne was appointed co-Chairman of the Prime Minister's Council on Science and Technology.[33]

Publications

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Lord Browne of Madingley published his memoirs Beyond Business in February 2010. Seven Elements that Changed the World,[34] an examination of the role of seven scientific elements in history, was published in April 2013. On 17 June 2014 he published The Glass Closet: Why Coming Out Is Good Business, a book discussing the risks and rewards of coming out in business and advocating for a top-down corporate policy of LGBT inclusiveness.[35] Lord Browne of Madingley is said to be the first openly gay CEO of any Fortune 500 company.[citation needed]

  1. Beyond Business (February 2010)
  2. Seven Elements that Have Changed the World (April 2013)
  3. The Glass Closet: Why Coming Out Is Good Business (May 2014)
  4. Connect: How companies succeed by engaging radically with society (September 2015)
  5. Make, Think, Imagine: Engineering the Future of Civilisation (May 2019)

In 2015, he was co-author of the report that launched the Global Apollo Programme, which calls for developed nations to commit to spending 0.02% of their GDP for 10 years, to fund co-ordinated research to make carbon-free baseload electricity less costly than electricity from coal by the year 2025.[36]

The Browne Review

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Main article: Browne Review

On 12 October 2010, the report of the inquiry headed by Lord Browne of Madingley was published under the title Securing a Sustainable Future for Higher Education. The main recommendation of the report was that the current cap of £3,290 on university tuition fees should be lifted thereby allowing such institutions to determine their own fee structure.[37][38]

Cuts and safety record controversy

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Browne is described by journalist and author Tom Bower as responsible for a "ruthless" programme of cost-cutting at BP that compromised safety, and thus the man most responsible for a string of major accidents including the Texas City refinery explosion (2005) and the Deepwater Horizon explosion (2010). Browne has rejected Bower's "unsubstantiated" and "wholly inaccurate" account.[39]

According to The Guardian newspaper, "Browne's reputation was tarnished by a string of accidents in the US which hastened his retirement", and Browne declined to appear in an hour-long BBC2 documentary on the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in which Tony Hayward was extensively interviewed, broadcast in November 2010.[40]

Personal life

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Lord Browne of Madingley lists 17th- and 18th-century illustrated Italian books, pre-Columbian art, contemporary art, music, opera and the theatre among his interests.

Lord Browne of Madingley lives in Chelsea in London, where his home was created by the British furniture and interiors designer Tim Gosling.[41]

He is a Fellow[2] (FREng) and former president of the Royal Academy of Engineering[2] (2006–2011), a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS), a Fellow of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (FIMMM), a Fellow of the Institute of Physics (FInstP), a Fellow of the Institute of Petroleum (FInstPet), a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, a Companion of the Institute of Management (CIMgt), an Honorary Fellow of the Institution of Chemical Engineers (HonFIChemE), a Fellow of the Geological Society (FGS), an Honorary Fellow of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (HonFIMechE), and an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (HonFRSC).

Browne has been awarded Honorary Doctorates from Heriot-Watt University (D.Eng.) and Robert Gordon University (D.Tech.), Aston University in Birmingham, University of Dundee (LLD), Warwick University (D.Sc.), Hull University (D.Sc.), Cranfield University (D.Sc.), Sheffield Hallam University (Hon. D Univ), University of Buckingham (D.Sc.), University of Belfast (Hon DSc 0 Eng) and the University of Surrey (Hon D.Univ.), Imperial College, London (Hon D.Sc.), Leuven University, Belgium (D.Sc.), Thunderbird (LLD), University of Notre Dame (LLD), Colorado School of Mines (D.Eng), D Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Arizona State University (DHLitt). He is an Honorary Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge and a senior member of St Antony's College, Oxford.

In 1999, The Royal Academy of Engineering awarded him the Prince Philip Medal for his outstanding contribution to engineering. In 2000, he received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.[42]

Lord Browne of Madingley kept his homosexuality private for 50 years. He believes homophobia is not just an issue for employees but for companies and business as a whole.[43]

Arms

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Coat of arms of John Browne, Baron Browne of Madingley
Coronet
Coronet of a baron
Crest
A bittern booming affrontée quarterly Vert and Gules beaked and legged Or between two Bulrushes that on the dexter Vert and that on the sinister Gules
Escutcheon
Argent two Bendlets per saltire Vert and Gules between three Ammonites in bend sinister Vert ribbed Or
Supporters
On the dexter side a Bear sejant erect reguardant Gules gorged with a Plain Collar attached thereto a Chain reflexed over the back and on the sinister a Bear sejant erect reguardant Vert gorged with a Plain Collar attached thereto a Chain reflexed over the back Or
Motto
Momento Historiae
Badge
A Bear sejant erect reguardant Gules gorged with a Plain Collar attached thereto a Chain reflexed over the back Or and holding between the forefeet an Ammonite Vert ribbed Or[44]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Cookson, Clive (26 April 2013). "John Browne: A man of science". Financial Times. Retrieved 2 November 2013.
  2. ^ a b c d "List of Fellows". Archived from the original on 8 June 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
  3. ^ Rocker, Simon (2 July 2013). "Learning from the past - and my survivor mother". The Jewish Chronicle. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  4. ^ a b Blake, Heidi (12 October 2010). "Lord Browne: profile of the former BP chief". London: The Daily Telegraph, UK. Retrieved 12 October 2010.
  5. ^ Browne, John (2014). The Glass Closet: Why Coming Out Is Good Business. London, UK: WH Allen. p. 22. ISBN 9780753555330.
  6. ^ Tran, Mark (25 July 2016). "Browne to retire from BP in 2008". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
  7. ^ a b c Cobain, Ian (2 May 2007). "BP's Browne quits over lie to court about private life". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
  8. ^ "'Perjury' threat for ex-BP boss". BBC News. 2 May 2007. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
  9. ^ "BP chief and ex-boyfriend: full text of judgment". The Times. London. 1 May 2007. Archived from the original on 30 July 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  10. ^ "BP boss wanted to keep gay life private". PinkNews. 1 May 2007. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
  11. ^ "BP chief executive Browne resigns". BBC News. 1 May 2007. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
  12. ^ Gay News 365Gay.com Archived 3 May 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ Yahoo! News Archived 3 May 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ Rozenberg, Joshua (1 May 2007). "Lord Browne resigns after revelations he lied in court about gay lover". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  15. ^ "BP chief executive Browne resigns". BBC News. 1 May 2007. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
  16. ^ "Lord Browne promises to invest 'whatever it takes' in UK fracking". the Guardian. 12 March 2013. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  17. ^ Mandel, Kyla (5 March 2015). "Cuadrilla Chair Lord Browne Leaves Fracking Firm To Join Russian Oligarch's Oil Company". DeSmog. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  18. ^ "Ex-BP boss John Browne: 'It's going to take a long time to take oil and coal out of the energy system'". the Guardian. 8 June 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  19. ^ "No. 55229". The London Gazette. 18 August 1998. p. 8994.
  20. ^ "HOLAC Appointments". House of Lords Appointments Commission. 5 February 2010. Archived from the original on 3 September 2009. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
  21. ^ "No. 56262". The London Gazette. 3 July 2001. p. 1.
  22. ^ Minutes and Order Paper – Minutes of Proceedings House of Lords, UK Parliament, 18 July 2001
  23. ^ "FIRST Award For Responsible Capitalism". FIRST Magazine.com. 2000. Archived from the original on 17 September 2010. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
  24. ^ "Press Releases | Lord Browne of Madingley appointed Chair of Tate Trustees". Tate Etc. 26 January 2009. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
  25. ^ "Lord Browne to head review into higher education funding and student finance" (Press release). 9 November 2009. Archived from the original on 28 May 2010. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
  26. ^ "Lord Browne appointed to key Whitehall role". Cabinet Office. 30 June 2010. Archived from the original on 10 November 2010. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
  27. ^ "Blavatnik School of Government International Advisory Board". Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
  28. ^ "Princess Beatrice wins her first high-profile client as a business matchmaker". The Telegraph. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
  29. ^ Karsh, Melissa (16 July 2021). "General Atlantic Targets $4 Billion for New Climate Strategy". Bloomberg Law.
  30. ^ Stanley Reed, Ex-Chief of BP Named Chairman of Russian Billionaire’s Oil and Gas Group, 2 March 2015
  31. ^ Andrew Ward, ‘Big is beautiful’ in oil industry, says former BP chief. 10 December 2017
  32. ^ "Lord Browne of Madingley". Retrieved 29 October 2014.
  33. ^ "New Co-Chair of the Prime Minister's Council for Science and Technology". GOV.UK. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
  34. ^ "Seven Elements That Have Changed the World". Orion Books. Archived from the original on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
  35. ^ "Confessions of a gay ex-CEO: How corporate America can unlock the closet". 16 June 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  36. ^ Carrington, Damian. "Global Apollo programme seeks to make clean energy cheaper than coal". The Guardian. No. 2 June 2015. Guardian News Media. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
  37. ^ "The Browne Report". HMSO. 12 October 2010. Archived from the original on 19 January 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2010.
  38. ^ Vasagar, Jeevan; Shepherd, Jessica (12 October 2010). "Browne review: Universities must set their own tuition fees". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
  39. ^ "Response From Former BP CEO John Browne". Newsweek. 16 June 2010. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
  40. ^ Webb, Tim (9 November 2010). "Tony Hayward on BP oil crisis: 'I'd have done better with an acting degree'". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 9 November 2010.
  41. ^ Freyberg, Annabel (25 July 2013). "Interiors: inside Lord Browne of Madingley's Chelsea home". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 25 July 2013.
  42. ^ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
  43. ^ "Lord Browne: 'I thought being gay was basically wrong'". The Guardian. 24 May 2014.
  44. ^ "Life Peerages - B".
[edit]
Business positions
Preceded by Chief Executive of BP
1995–2007 		Succeeded by
Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom
Preceded by Gentlemen
Baron Browne of Madingley 		Followed by
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