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File:Fire vs Rain - The Defeat of Indra.jpg

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Summary

Description
English: Mid 19th Century

Jaipur

Size: 14 x 21 in (35.6 x 53.3 cm)


This beautiful Jaipur painting portrays the grand finale in the fierce battle between Indra the God of heaven and Lord Krishna who was aided by Arjuna.

Agni, the god of fire wanted to eat the Khandava forest. But Indra, the God of heaven stopped the process with torrential rain to protect a friend of his. Thus the battle between fire and rain continued. A tired Agni finally approached Krishna and Arjuna for help.

A battle ensued between Indra and his supporters on one side and Krishna and Arjuna on the other. In this scene one can see a blue sky with thundering clouds. Indra is seated on Airavata with his allies seated on horses. All of them are seen making a humble retreat. They are surrounded by celestial beings seated in their respective chariots. Manama Daitya, a bare-bodied demon in a short tight lower vestment, stands with folded hands before Krishna and Arjuna.

The vast, undulating landscape and the forest on fire add to the beauty. Every detail in this painting has been perfectly attended to. It is interesting to see the manner in which the gold armory is textured. The chariots also have very fine motifs. The main figures have been identified with inscriptions. On careful observation one can even see the pearl settings on the headgears of the charioteers, peacock feathers adorning Krishna's crown and hair on the body of the demon, Manama Daitya.

This Jaipur painting is one of a well known series of paintings based on themes from the epic, Mahabharata.

One more example from this set, which is a prelude to this folio, is also included in this catalogue (lot no. 19).
Date mid 19 th century
Source http://www.saffronart.com/customauctions/PostWork.aspx?l=6680
Author Unknown authorUnknown author

Licensing

Public domain
This work is in the public domain in India because its term of copyright has expired.

The Indian Copyright Act applies in India to works first published in India. According to the Indian Copyright Act, 1957, as amended up to Act No. 27 of 2012 (Chapter V, Section 25):

  • Anonymous works, photographs, cinematographic works, sound recordings, government works, and works of corporate authorship or of international organizations enter the public domain 60 years after the date on which they were first published, counted from the beginning of the following calendar year (i.e. as of 2024, works published prior to 1 January 1964 are considered public domain).
  • Posthumous works (other than those above) enter the public domain after 60 years from publication date, counted from the beginning of the following calendar year.
  • Any kind of work other than the above enters the public domain 60 years after the author's death (or in the case of a multi-author work, the death of the last surviving author), counted from the beginning of the following calendar year.
  • Text of laws, judicial opinions, and other government reports are free from copyright.
The Indian Copyright Act, 1957 is not retroactive, so any work in which copyright did not subsist when it commenced did not have its copyright restored, and is in the public domain per the Copyright Act 1911.

You must also include a United States public domain tag to indicate why this work is in the public domain in the United States.

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