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Flag of the Sakha Republic

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Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Proportion1:2[1]
Adopted14 October 1992[2]
DesignHorizontal light blue, white, red and green stripes with a white circle on a blue stripe.
Designed byDanilova Lyudmila, Mikhail Starostin, and Ayina Zakharova[3]
Flag of the Yakut ASSR
Proportion1:2
Adopted1978
DesignVariant of the Russian SFSR flag with "Yakutskaya ASSR" and "Sakha ASSR" written in the Russian and Yakut languages respectively below the hammer and sickle.

The state flag of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)[a] in Russia is one of the official symbols of the Sakha Republic, alongside the coat of arms and the national anthem of the Sakha Republic. The flag has four horizontal stripes. From top to bottom, the stripes are light blue (3/4 of the flag's width), white (1/16), red (1/16), and green (1/8). The flag has been used officially as the flag of the Sakha Republic since 14 October 1992.[4] The light blue stripe is charged with a white disc in the center. The diameter of the disc is 2/5 of the flag's width.[5]

Prior to 1992, the Sakha Republic existed as the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Prior to 1937, Yakut ASSR used a flag with a blue canton containing the depiction of the Aurora and the name of the ASSR. After 1937, the flag of the Yakut ASSR was identical to the flag of the Russian SFSR.

Symbolism

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The disc represents the northern sun. The light blue, white, and green colors stand for the sky, snow, and taiga landscape respectively. The red symbolizes the courage and constancy of the people.[6] According to the constitution of the Sakha Republic, the white disc represents the white sun of the arctic sky while the combination of light blue, white and red represent Sakha's place in the Russian Federation.[7]

Legislation

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The current law regulating the design and use of the flag was passed on 15 July 2004.[citation needed] The third chapter of Law No. 313-III "On the Official Symbols of the Sakha (Yakut) Republic" describes the symbolism, usage, placement, and the custom of flying the flag of the Sakha Republic alongside other flags.

History

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Revolt flags

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Before and after the civil war, there were several revolts in the Yakut region. The revolts mainly used tricolor flags.

  • The first Yakut Revolt uses a black-white-red tricolor. The flag is the same as the flag of the German Empire.
  • The Tungus Revolt, which established the Tungus Republic, uses a white-green-black tricolor. The white color of the flag symbolized the Siberian snow, green symbolizes wood and taiga, and black symbolizes the ground.[8][9] The flag is identical to the flag of the Ural Republic.
  • Flag of the Yakut Revolt (possibly erroneous)
    Flag of the Yakut Revolt (possibly erroneous)
  • Flag of the Tungus Revolt
    Flag of the Tungus Revolt

As the Yakut ASSR

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Further information: Flag of the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

The first flag of the Yakut ASSR was described in the 1926 Constitution of the Yakut ASSR, which was approved on the 4th All-Yakutsk Congress of Soviets on 13 February 1926,[10] and was introduced by resolution of the 2nd session of the Yakut Central Executive Committee on the 4th convocation of 17 September 1926.[11] The flag was a red flag, with a blue canton in the top left of the flag on which the northern lights was depicted with the inscription in golden letters "ЯАССР" in the Yakut language.[12]

The flag of the Yakut ASSR was described in the 1937 Constitution of the Yakut ASSR, which was adopted by the Central Executive Committee of the Yakut ASSR on 9 March 1937, at the 9th Extraordinary Congress of Soviets of the Yakut ASSR.[13] The flag was the same with the flag of the Russian SFSR. The only difference was some additional inscriptions.[14] These inscriptions changed after a new alphabet for the Yakut language was approved by a decree of the People's Commissar of Education of the Soviet Union.[15]

A new state flag of the Yakut ASSR was adopted on 12 June 1954, by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Yakut ASSR "On the State Flag of the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic", and the official design of the flag was approved by the Law of the Yakut ASSR of 23 June 1954. The new state flag was identical with the state flag of the Russian SFSR, but with additional inscriptions.[16] The position of the inscriptions changed after the adoption of the new constitution of the Yakut ASSR on 31 May 1978.[17]

  • 13 February 1926 – 9 March 1937
    13 February 1926 – 9 March 1937
  • 9 March 1937 – 23 March 1939
    9 March 1937 – 23 March 1939
  • 23 March 1939 – 12 June 1954
    23 March 1939 – 12 June 1954
  • 12 June 1954 – 27 October 1978
    12 June 1954 – 27 October 1978
  • 27 October 1978 – 27 September 1990
    27 October 1978 – 27 September 1990
  • 27 September 1990 – 14 October 1992[18]
    27 September 1990 – 14 October 1992[18]

As the Sakha (Yakut) Republic

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In line with the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the formation of new national entities, the Sakha Republic adopted a new constitution on 4 April 1992. There wasn't any statements regarding to the detail of the flag of the Sakha Republic on the constitution. The only statement was:

The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has the State Emblem, the National Flag and the National Anthem.

— Constitution of the Sakha Republic (1992), Article 140[19]

The flag of the Republic of Sakha itself was approved on 14 October 1992, by the Decree No.1158-XII, and the decree itself was adopted by the Decree No.1159-XII. At 17.50 on the same day, the flag was first hoisted over the building of the Supreme Council of the Sakha Republic, next to the flag of the Russian Federation.

The description of the flag was approved and the description of the flag was inserted into the Constitution of the Sakha Republic by the amendments of 22 July 2008.[20]

The national flag of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is a rectangular panel consisting of four differently sized horizontal stripes of blue, white, red, and green, respectively. The ratio of the width of the stripes to the width of the flag: blue stripes – 3⁄4 of the flag's width, white stripes – 1⁄16 of the flag's width, red stripes – 1⁄16 of the flag's width, green stripes – 1⁄8 of the flag's width.
In the middle of the blue strip, there is a white circle. The diameter of the circle is 2⁄5 of the width of the flag. The ratio of the width of the flag to its length is 1:2.

— Constitution of the Sakha Republic (1992, amended 2008), Article 47.3[21]

Designers

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  • Lyudmila, Danilova Sleptsova (born 1942). Painter, Honored Artist of the Sakha Republic. Member of the Union of Artists of the Russian Federation.[22]
  • Starostin, Mikhail Gavrilovich (born 1959). Graphic designer. Member of the Union of Artists of the Russian Federation.[23]
  • Zakharova, Ayina Petrovna (born 1973). Painter, student of the Artist School of Yakutia.[24]

See also

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References

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Notes

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  1. ^ Yakut: Саха Өрөспүүбүлүкэтин былааҕа, romanized: Saqa Öröspüübülüketin Bılaağa; Russian: Флаг Республики Саха (Якутия)

Citations

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  1. ^ Potapov 1994, p. 49
  2. ^ Potapov 1994, p. 49
  3. ^ Potapov 1994, p. 60
  4. ^ Supreme Council of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic 2008, p. 19
  5. ^ Supreme Council of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic 2008, p. 19
  6. ^ Potapov 1994, p. 55
  7. ^ Fedorov 1994, p. 252
  8. ^ Gogolev 1961, p. 25
  9. ^ Antonov 1995, pp. 94–95
  10. ^ Central State Archive of the Yakut ASSR 1972, p. 74
  11. ^ Central State Archive of the Yakut ASSR 1972, p. 338
  12. ^ Central State Archive of the Yakut ASSR 1972, p. 357
  13. ^ Supreme Soviet of the Yakut ASSR 1937, p. 4
  14. ^ Supreme Soviet of the Yakut ASSR 1937, p. 33
  15. ^ Petrov 1973, pp. 284–301
  16. ^ Supreme Soviet of the Yakut ASSR 1965, p. 1
  17. ^ Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR 1979, p. 664
  18. ^ "Флаги Саха".
  19. ^ Fedorov 1994, p. 248
  20. ^ Supreme Council of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic 2008, p. 5
  21. ^ Supreme Council of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic 2008, p. 19
  22. ^ Potapov 1994, p. 60
  23. ^ Potapov 1994, p. 60
  24. ^ Potapov 1994, p. 60

Bibliography

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Constitutions

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Books

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  • Antonov, P.E. (1995), Тунгусское восстание: ошибок можно было избежать [Tungus uprising: mistakes could be avoided] (in Russian), Yakutsk: Ilin
  • Gogolev, Z.V. (1961), Разгром антисоветских восстаний в 1924—1925 и 1927—1928 гг. [The defeat of the anti-Soviet uprisings in 1924–1925 and 1927–1928], Scientific Posts (in Russian) (6)
  • Petrov, N.E. (1973), Орфография якутского языка [Orthography of Yakut] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka
  • Sokolov, Vladislav Aleksandrovich (2002), Вексиллологический справочник по флагам Российской Империи и СССР [Vexillological guide on flags of the Russian Empire and the USSR] (in Russian), vol. 1, Moscow: Moscow State Industrial University, p. 644, ISBN 978-5-276-00240-8
  • Potapov, I.A. (1994), Koryakin, K.K. (ed.), Саха Республикатын Государственнай дьаралыга уонна Государственнай былааҕа; Государственный герб и Государственный флаг Республики Саха (Якутия) [State Emblem and State Flag of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)] (in Russian and Yakut), Yakutsk: Sakha National Book Publishing, p. 68
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