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Australia–France relations

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Australia-France relations
Map indicating locations of Australia and France

Australia
France
Diplomatic mission
Embassy of Australia, ParisEmbassy of France, Canberra

Diplomatic relations exist between Australia and France, as well as the historical contacts, shared values of democracy and human rights, substantial commercial links, and a keen interest in each other's culture.

The two countries maintain diplomatic relations in each other's countries. France is also one of Australia's closest neighbours with less than 700 km separating the two countries between New Caledonia and Norfolk Island.

History

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Monthly value of Australian merchandise exports to France (A$ millions) since 1988
Monthly value of French merchandise exports to Australia (A$ millions) since 1988

The legacy of Australian involvement on French soil in the First and Second World War plays an important role in the bilateral relationship. Over 45,000 Australians[citation needed] lost their lives on French soil in the two conflicts. Each year, many Australians travel to the Western Front to commemorate the thousands of Australians who were killed and injured there in World War I.

Dialogue and practical cooperation between France and Australia has been strengthening on many fronts in recent years[when?], including on key global security issues such as arms control and disarmament, non-proliferation and counter-terrorism. The Pacific region, where both countries have direct interests, continues to be an important focus of bilateral engagement. Commercial links are substantial and France is an increasingly important source of direct investment and technology, including in the defence sector, for Australia.

Both countries experienced strained relations when Australia enacted sanctions on France from 1983–1986 and again on 1995–1996.[1]

There has been an expansion of the defence relationship between Australia and France in recent years. On 14 December 2006 a new Defence Cooperation Agreement between the two countries was signed, providing a framework for further cooperation. Australia and France regularly participate in combined force training exercises and France provided support to the Australian-led INTERFET operations in East Timor. Australian and French forces have co-operated in the Pacific and Southern Oceans, including for emergency and disaster relief and operations against illegal fishing. Australia and France have also cooperated at various levels in the coalition against terrorism, including as founding members of the Proliferation Security Initiative to combat the trafficking in weapons of mass destruction. In 2008, it was announced that France and Australia would strengthen their defence cooperation further in the Pacific region.[2]

Institutional links are encouraged within the framework of the 1977 Australia–France Agreement on Cultural and Scientific Cooperation. The Australian Embassy in Paris administers the Australia–France Foundation, which promotes cultural exchanges between the two countries and publishes a quarterly newsletter 'L'Australie en France' promoting Australian activities in France. The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade's Cultural Awards Scheme has also promoted cultural relations between Australia and France.

Australia has made a significant contribution to the Musée du quai Branly, a major international museum dedicated to the world's indigenous arts and cultures that opened in Paris in June 2006. A permanent installation of works by eight Australian Indigenous artists commissioned by the Australian Government has been incorporated into the structure of one of the main buildings of the museum.[3]

Short-term visitors arriving in Australia from France since 1991 (monthly).

Australia and France have maritime borders between their territories. The locations of these boundaries were formalised through the Australia–France Marine Delimitation Agreement which came into effect on 10 January 1983.

In August 2009, Nicolas Sarkozy became the first serving French leader to visit Australia.[4] The Courier Mail reported that "serious bilateral issues" for Sarkozy and Kevin Rudd to discuss included "the war in Afghanistan and global warming".[5]

François Hollande visited Canberra in November 2014 after the G20 Summit in Brisbane. Meeting with Tony Abbott, Hollande reinforced the strong bonds forged between the two nations in both world wars, stating that "we will have an opportunity to recognise the sacrifice of Australian soldiers who came to save France twice, and we will never forget this."[6]

In April 2016, the Australian Government decided to purchase the Attack-class submarine, a conventionally powered variant, of the Barracuda-class nuclear submarine designed by DCNS to replace its Collins-class diesel-electric submarines currently in service. Twelve submarines were to be constructed in Adelaide by ASC Pty Ltd at a projected cost in excess of A$50 billion.[7] Admiral Christophe Prazuck, Chief of the French Navy, stated after the deal was completed that Australia was 'one of the French navy's four main partners along with the US, UK and Germany'.[8] In September 2021, the deal was cancelled with the signing of the AUKUS security pact.[9]

During a 2018 visit to Australia, President Emmanuel Macron stated his desire to create a strategic alliance between France, Australia and India, in the Indo-Pacific region.[10]

In response to Australia joining the AUKUS defence pact with the UK and the US announced on 15 September 2021 (blindsiding France), which also involved the cancellation of the submarine deal with French defence contractor Naval Group, France recalled Ambassador Jean-Pierre Thébault on 17 September 2021.[9] French Foreign Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian stated that "This exceptional decision is justified by the exceptional gravity of the announcements made on 15 September by Australia and the United States".[9] Thébault returned to Australia in October 2021.[11] The submarine deal was worth A$50 billion to build 12 new submarines in Adelaide and was announced in 2016 under then-prime minister Malcolm Turnbull.[12] When asked by the Sydney Morning Herald and The Age whether he thought Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison had lied over the affair, Macron said: “I don’t think, I know.”[13]

In February 2022, the updated version of France's Indo-Pacific strategy stated France would cooperate with Australia on a case-by-case basis; officially removing it from the list of its strategic partners in the Indo-Pacific region. French foreign minister Jean-Yves Le Drian at the time called the pact a “stab in the back”. “Australia’s decision in September 2021, without prior consultation or warning, to break off the partnership of trust with France that included the Future Submarine Programme (FSP), has led to a re-evaluation of the past strategic partnership [between] the two countries,” the French government explains.[14]

Following the 2022 Australian federal election, the newly-elected Labor government led by Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese agreed to pay €555 million (US$584 million) in compensation to Naval Group for the cancelled submarine deal. In response, French defense minister Sébastien Lecornu welcomed the settlement and expressed France's willingness to rebuild its relationship with Australia. In addition, Albanese announced plans to travel to France to reset bilateral relations between Australia and France.[15][16][17]

In July 2024, Australia's flag carrier Qantas launched flights from Sydney to Paris via Perth. As of 2024, the Perth to Paris leg is the world's sixth longest flight and is the only nonstop service between Australia and France.[18]

French influence on Australia

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Politically, the relationship between France and Australia has remained strong throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. Public sentiment took a dive, however, in the 1970s during the French nuclear testing in the Pacific on Moruroa.

French is still one of the most commonly taught foreign languages at Australian high schools, though, as an optional course, very few students continue to study it through to completion. Thus, it is rare to find people who are truly fluent in the language. Telopea Park School, an Australian public school, recognised and supported by the French government, is a unique education partnership in Australia.[19]

Each year, around forty French films are sold to Australian distributors for commercial release, not including films released on DVD. SBS buys the rights to distribute over 70 French films annually for broadcast on free-to-air TV, and generally screens one or two French films per week.[citation needed] The Alliance Française French Film Festival is an annual event jointly organised by the Alliance Françaises of Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Canberra, Perth and Adelaide and is supported by the French Embassy.

Treaties

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A significant number of Australia–France bilateral treaties include: treaties concerning the war and its aftermath, science, defence, taxation, trade, extradition, and the Antarctic. The April 2016 purchase of submarines from France was also part of a treaty.[20] This purchase was cancelled after Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom entered on 15 September 2021 into the AUKUS security pact, which also involves acquisition by Australia of nuclear powered submarines.[21]

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Qantas, the flag carrier of Australia, operates nonstop flights from Perth to Paris. These flights carry the numbers QF33 and 34, with the Perth to Paris leg being the sixth-longest flight in the world as of July 2024.[22]

Resident diplomatic missions

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  • Embassy of Australia in Paris
    Embassy of Australia in Paris
  • Embassy of France in Canberra
    Embassy of France in Canberra

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Hufbauer, Gary Clyde; Schott, Jeffrey J.; Elliott, Kimberly (2007). Economic Sanctions Reconsidered. Washington: Peterson Institute for International Economics. p. 27. ISBN 9780881325362.
  2. ^ "Australia & France to increase defence ties in the Pacific", ABC Radio Australia, 17 September 2008
  3. ^ "Aboriginal Works on the Roof and Ceilings". www.quaibranly.fr. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  4. ^ "President Sarkozy to make history on visit to Australia"[dead link], The Times, 26 May 2009
  5. ^ "French President Nicolas Sarkozy to visit Australia" Archived 27 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Courier Mail, 24 May 2009
  6. ^ Pianegonda, Elise; Gul, Jonathon (19 November 2014). "French president Francois Hollande backs Australian military alliance and possible free trade deal". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  7. ^ Henderson, Anna (26 April 2016). "Australian submarines to be built in Adelaide after French company DCNS wins $50b contract". ABC News. ABC News (Australia). Retrieved 26 April 2016.
  8. ^ Tillett, Andrew (5 October 2017). "Submarine deal leads to revolution in Australian-French naval relations". Australian Financial Review. Fairfax Media. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
  9. ^ a b c Shear, Michael D. (17 September 2021). "France recalls its ambassadors to the U.S. and Australia to protest Biden's submarine deal". The New York Times.
  10. ^ Vey, Jean-Baptiste; Rose, Michel (2 May 2018). Grebler, Dan (ed.). "Macron wants strategic Paris-Delhi-Canberra axis amid Pacific tension". Reuters. French President Emmanuel Macron on Wednesday called for the creation of a new strategic alliance among France, India and Australia to respond to challenges in the Asia-Pacific region and the growing assertiveness of China.
  11. ^ Foley, Mike (20 October 2021). "'No second planet': France urges Australia to greater climate action". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
  12. ^ "Prime Minister Scott Morrison has been accused of lying to the French over the submarine deal. Here's what got us to this point". ABC News Australia. 2 November 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  13. ^ Shields, Bevan and Crowe, David (1 November 2021). "'I don't think, I know': French President Macron says Scott Morrison lied to him". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 7 December 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ Stone, Jon (23 February 2022). "France dumps Australia as 'strategic partner' over deal with Britain and US". The Independent. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  15. ^ Engels, Jorge; Kwon, Jake; Ravindran, Jeevan (11 June 2022). "France commits to rebuilding relationship with Australia after failed submarine deal". CNN. Reuters. Archived from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  16. ^ "Australia agrees payout to end France submarine spat". Al Jazeera. 11 June 2022. Archived from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
  17. ^ Doran, Matthew (11 June 2022). "Australian government agrees to pay $835 million to French submarine contractor Naval Group over cancelled contract". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
  18. ^ Dennis, Anthony (11 July 2024). "Qantas' new non-stop route to Europe takes off". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
  19. ^ "Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the French Republic concerning the Establishment of a French - Australian School in Canberra (1983) ATS 8". www3.austlii.edu.au. Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
  20. ^ Massola, James (9 July 2017). "Turnbull, Macron fly in to Paris as Trump left out in the cold at G20 on climate". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  21. ^ "Australia to get nuclear subs in new US, British partnership". France 24. 15 September 2021. Retrieved 16 September 2021.
  22. ^ Dennis, Anthony (11 July 2024). "Qantas' new non-stop route to Europe takes off". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
  23. ^ Embassy of Australia in Paris
  24. ^ Embassy of France in Canberra
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