Gabriel Dumont (Métis leader): Difference between revisions
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|1837|12|01}} |
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|1906|05|19|1837|12|00}} |
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| nationality = [[Métis people (Canada)|Métis]] |
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'''Gabriel Dumont''' (December, 1837 – May 19, 1906) was a leader of the [[Métis people (Canada)|Métis]] people of what is now western [[Canada]]. In 1873 Dumont was elected to the presidency of the short-lived republic of [[St. Laurent de Grandin, Saskatchewan|St. Laurent]]; afterward he continued to play a leading role among the Métis of the [[South Saskatchewan River]]. He played a critical role in bringing [[Louis Riel]] back to Canada, in order to pressure the Canadian authorities to pay attention to the troubles of the Métis people. He was adjutant general in the provisional Métis government declared in the [[District of Saskatchewan]] in 1885, and commanded the Métis forces in the [[North-West Rebellion]] or North West Resistance of 1885. <ref>[http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0002444 Canadian Encyclopedia Retrieved 31 Jan 2011.]</ref> |
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==Early life== |
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Dumont was a grandson of the [[French Canadian]] [[Jean-Baptiste Dumont]] and his [[Sarcee]]-[[Crow Nation|Crow]] wife, Josette. He was the second son of Isidore Dumont and Louise Laframboise. The family were at various times involved in farming, trading, hunting, and trapping in what is now the province of [[Saskatchewan]]. Gabriel was raised a Métis, learning both French [[Catholic]] and [[Cree]] customs. By the time he was 12, he was considered an accomplished shot with both gun and bow, and was well known as a master horseman. In 1848, the Dumont family moved south to the area of [[Regina, Saskatchewan]]. Dumont, and his older brother Isidore, became [[American Bison|buffalo]] hunters. Over time, Dumont learned six languages, and established a reputation as a guide, hunter and interpreter. He was also famed for his drinking and gambling. Dumont participated in skirmishes with [[First Nations]], including the [[Blackfoot]] and [[Sioux]]. |
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Dumont married Madeleine Wilkie, the daughter of the [[Anglo-Metis]] chief, [[Jean Baptiste Wilkie]], in 1858, and in 1862 was elected chief of his Métis band.<ref>{{Cite document | last=[[George R. D. Goulet]] | last2=Goulet | first2=Terry | title=The Metis: Memorable Events and Memorable Personalities | publisher=[[FabJob]], Calgary | year=2006 | url=http://www.fabjob.com/metis.html | postscript =<!--None-->}}</ref> He led the band to the [[North Saskatchewan River]], where they briefly settled near [[Fort Carlton]]. By 1868, the band established a permanent settlement near [[Batoche, Saskatchewan|Batoche]] on the [[South Saskatchewan River]]. In 1872 Gabriel established a ferry service near Batoche, at "Gabriel's Crossing" (east of present day [[Rosthern, Saskatchewan]], where the [[Gabriel Bridge]] is today) and also farmed near there. |
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==Rebellion== |
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Dumont's enemies in 1885, including General [[Frederick Middleton]] of the [[Northwest Field Force]], praised his generalship and martial abilities. Despite huge logistic and morale problems, he can be credited with a victory at the [[Battle of Fish Creek]] and managed to hold off a much larger force at the [[Battle of Batoche]] for several days. Riel refused to let him make vital strategic actions such as damaging [[railway]] lines to hinder the enemy's movement, thus hampering the fight against the Canadian government. |
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Following the defeat at [[Batoche, Saskatchewan|Batoche]], Dumont made his way via the [[Cypress Hills (Canada)|Cypress Hills]] to the [[Montana Territory]], where he surrendered to the [[U.S. Cavalry]]. However, the [[U.S. government]] determined that he was a [[political refugee]] and he was shortly released.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biographi.ca/EN/ShowBio.asp?BioId=40814 |title=Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online |publisher=Biographi.ca |date= |accessdate=2011-02-25}}</ref> |
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==Fame== |
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In 1886, Dumont joined [[William Frederick Cody|Buffalo Bill]]'s [[Wild West Show|Wild West]] where he received top billing as a rebel leader and crack marksman. Although the [[Government of Canada|Canadian government]] granted a general amnesty in the summer of 1886, Dumont did not return to Canada until 1888, in order to lecture in [[Montreal]]. He retired to Batoche in 1893 eventually obtaining title to the lands he had settled in 1872. He returned to his former life as a farmer, hunter and trapper, and dictated two memoirs of his experiences in the rebellion. He died from natural causes in 1906.<ref>[http://www.biographi.ca/EN/ShowBio.asp?BioId=40814 Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online]</ref> |
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==Legacy== |
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{{Quote box |
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| quote=BATOCHE. In 1872, Xavier Letendre dit Batoche founded a village at this site where Métis freighters crossed the South Saskatchewan River. About 50 families had claimed the river lots in the area by 1884. Widespread anxiety regarding land claims and a changing economy provoked a resistance against the Canadian Government. Here, 300 Métis and Indians led by Louis Riel and Gabriel Dumont fought a force of 800 men commanded by Major-General Mileton between May 9 and 12, 1885. The resistance failed but the battle did not mean the end of the community of Batoche. |
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|source= Historic Sites and Monuments board of Canada. Government of Canada <ref>{{cite web |
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| last =Historic Sites and Monuments board of Canada. Government of Canada |
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| title =Welcome To Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Region Gen Web Batoche / Fish Creek Photo Gallery |
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| work = Saskatoon Gen Web |
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| publisher = online by Julia Adamson |
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| date = 21-Nov-2004 |
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| url = http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~sksaskat/batoche/batoche-letendre.html |
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| accessdate =2009-09-20}}</ref>}} |
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In the spring of 2008, Tourism, Parks, Culture and Sport Minister Christine Tell proclaimed in Duck Lake, that "the 125th commemoration, in 2010, of the 1885 Northwest Resistance is an excellent opportunity to tell the story of the Prairie Métis and First Nations peoples' struggle with government forces and how it has shaped Canada today."<ref>{{cite web |
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| title = Tourism agencies to celebrate the 125th anniversary of the Northwest Resistance/Rebellion |
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| work = Home/About Government/News Releases/June 2008 |
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| publisher = Government of Saskatchewan |
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| date = June 7, 2008 |
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| url = http://www.gov.sk.ca/news?newsId=3ceddf25-86ef-4433-86ea-cfe3cc69472d |
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| accessdate =2009-09-20 }}</ref> |
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Batoche, where a Métis Provisional Government had been formed, has been declared a National Historic Site. Batoche marks the site of Gabriel Dumont's grave marker, Albert Caron’s House, Batoche school, Batoche cemetery, Letendre store, Gabriels river crossing, Gardepy's crossing, Batoche crossing, St. Antoine de Padoue Church, Métis rifle pits, and NWMP battle camp.<ref>{{cite web |
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| title = Batoche The Virtual Museum of Métis History and Culture |
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| publisher =Gabriel Dumont Institute of Native Studies and Applied Research |
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| url = http://www.metismuseum.ca/browse/index.php/484 |
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| accessdate =2009-09-20}} |
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</ref><ref>{{cite web |
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| title = Parks Canada Batoche National Historic Site of Canada |
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| publisher = Government of Canada |
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| date = 2009-06-22 |
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| url = http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/lhn-nhs/sk/batoche/index.aspx |
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| accessdate =2009-09-20 }} |
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</ref> |
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The [[Gabriel Dumont Institute]] of Native Studies and Applied Research in Saskatchewan was named in his honour. The Dumont Bridge over the [[South Saskatchewan River]] east of [[Rosthern, Saskatchewan]], is also named for him. It is located at the site of Gabriel's Crossing, where he ran a small store, billiards hall and ferry service in the late 1870s and early 1880s. There is also a park along the South Saskatchewan in [[Saskatoon]] named for him, as well as an equestrian statue depicting him along the river between the Broadway and Victoria Bridges on the west side of the South Saskatchewan River. |
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In 1998, the public French-first-language high school in [[London, Ontario]], was renamed [[École secondaire Gabriel-Dumont]] in his honour. |
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==See also== |
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*[[James Isbister]] |
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*[[Lawrence Clarke]] |
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*[[Aboriginal Canadian personalities]] |
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*[[Southbranch Settlement]] |
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==Footnotes== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==Further reading== |
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* {{citation |last =Woodcock |first =George Woodcock |coauthor= James Rodger Miller |year =2003 |title =Gabriel Dumont: the Métis chief and his lost world |
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|url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=tQk20ZmphA8C&lpg=PA45&dq=GABRIEL%20DUMONT%20SPEAKS&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=Broadview Press |isbn=1-55111-575-1 |accessdate = }} |
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*Dumont, Gabriel. ''GABRIEL DUMONT SPEAKS''. Talonbooks, 2009. ISBN 978-0-88922-625-8. |
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==External links== |
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*[http://www.talonbooks.com/index.cfm?event=titleDetails&ISBN=0889226253/ ''Gabriel Dumont Speaks''] |
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*[http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=6692 Biography at the ''Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online''] |
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* http://library.usask.ca/northwest/background/dumont.htm |
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* http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/dumont_gabriel_1837-1906.html |
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* http://gabrieldumont.csdcso.on.ca/ |
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* [http://www.gdins.org/ Gabriel Dumont Institute] |
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* http://www.vcn.bc.ca/michif/dumont.html |
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> |
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| NAME = Dumont, Gabriel |
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = [[Métis people (Canada)|Métis]] leader |
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| DATE OF BIRTH = 1837 |
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| PLACE OF BIRTH = |
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| DATE OF DEATH = 1906-05-19 |
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| PLACE OF DEATH = |
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}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Dumont, Gabriel}} |
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[[Category:1837 births]] |
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[[Category:1906 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Bison hunters]] |
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[[Category:Canadian Métis people]] |
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[[Category:Métis politicians]] |
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[[Category:National Historic Persons of Canada]] |
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[[Category:People of the North-West Rebellion]] |
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[[Category:Pre-Confederation Saskatchewan people]] |
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[[Category:Wild west shows]] |
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[[de:Gabriel Dumont]] |
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[[fr:Gabriel Dumont]] |
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[[pt:Gabriel Dumont]] |
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[[ru:Дюмон, Габриэль]] |
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[[fi:Gabriel Dumont]] |
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[[uk:Габріел Думонт]] |
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