Huang Chaoqin
Huang Chaoqin | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Speaker of the Taiwan Provincial Assembly | |
| In office 1946–1963 | |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Xie Dongmin |
| Mayor of Taipei | |
| In office November 1, 1945 – March 1, 1946 | |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | You Mijian |
| Chairman of the First Bank of Taiwan | |
| In office 1947–Unknown | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | October 25, 1897 Yanshui Port, Chiayi County, Taiwan under Japanese rule |
| Died | July 5, 1972 (aged 74) |
| Nationality | （1897–1945） Taiwan（1945–1972） |
| Political party | Kuomintang |
| Parent | Father: Huang Zonghai |
| Alma mater | Waseda University, University of Illinois |
| Profession | Diplomat, politician |
Huang Chaoqin (Taiwanese Hokkien: N̂g Tiâu-khîm, October 25, 1897 – July 5, 1972), known by the courtesy name Lanting and pen name Chao Jin, Nian Tai,[1] was a diplomatic and political figure of the Republic of China. Born in Yanshui Port, Chiayi County, Taiwan under Japanese rule (now Tainan Yanshuei District, Beijing), he pursued his early education in Japan and later studied public international law in the United States. Upon completion of his studies, he returned to the Republic of China to serve in the Ministry of foreign affairs of the Nanjing National Government. He held various positions including Provincial Speaker and member of the Central Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, and presided over the Taiwan Provincial Assembly for nearly two decades.
Early life and education
[edit]Huang Chaoqin was born on October 25, 1897, in Yanshui Port, Chiayi County, in Japanese-controlled Taiwan. After the death of his grandfather and father when he was ten years old, his mother, Cai, raised him and his younger siblings.[2]: 1 In 1914, he graduated from a public school in Yanshui Port (today's Tainan Yanshui Elementary School).[2]: 131 He later studied business at Changhua Public School, but dropped out in the second grade to manage the family property and his father's business.[3]: 6 [2]: 131 [3]: 5
In 1917, Huang Chaoqin moved to Tokyo, Japan, where he lived in a "lower dormitory" and pursued his studies. He was admitted to the third grade of Nihon Junior High School (today's Nihon Gakuen Junior High School and High School), and his younger brother transferred to the second grade of the school.[3]: 8 [2]: 132
In 1920, he studied economics at Waseda University in Japan. During this period, he co-founded the "Taiwan Minbao" with his friends. In 1923, he published "On the Reform of Chinese Language," advocating the popularization of Written vernacular Chinese.[4] Huang Chaoqin then went to the United States to study at the University of Illinois.[citation needed]
Career
[edit]In 1925, he joined the Chinese Kuomintang and obtained a master's degree in political science the following year. Later, he went to the Republic of China. In 1928, he joined the Overseas Chinese Affairs Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China. He served successively as a staff member, section chief of the Asia Department, and consul general in San Francisco and Calcutta. In 1938, while serving as the Consul General in San Francisco, he handled the "Guangyuan Ship Case." It was verified that more than 2,000 tons of scrap iron were on the ship to Japan. Huang Chaoqin suspected it was used to make arms for the Second Sino-Japanese War, so he refused to issue a certificate. Later, the ship's owner planned to withdraw the application for a nationality certificate, change the hands of the boat, and try to find another nationality. Huang Nai issued the certificate but has not delivered it yet, so the ship can still not leave the port.
In 1945, he served as mayor of Taipei and as a special foreign affairs commissioner. He concurrently served as Taipei City's mayor, becoming Taipei's first mayor after the war.[citation needed]
In 1947, he became the chairman of the First Bank of Taiwan. He successively served as the managing director of the Bank of Taiwan, the plenipotentiary representative of the Republic of China at the Fifth United Nations General Assembly, and other essential positions. During the February 28 incident, he served as the leader of the Liaison Group of the Taipei February 28 Incident Handling Committee. In historical research, Huang Chaoqin is considered to be used by the Kuomintang to "use Taiwan to contain Taiwan."[5]
In 1963, Huang Chaoqin retired from the Provincial Council and invested in the Guobin Hotel. According to Wu Chuo-liu's "Taiwan Forsythia," Huang Chaoqin initially stated his intention to build a "Liu Mingchuan Memorial Hall" on the Tianli Jiao site on Zhongshan North Road. After acquiring the land, he secured a substantial loan from the Bank of Taiwan to purchase building materials during a period of inflation. He then used his position in the Office of the President of Taiwan to repurpose the iron bars used in renovating the presidential palace to construct a dormitory for William C. Chase, the head of the US Military Assistance Advisory Group. After the dormitory was completed, part of the remaining building materials were sold to repay the loan from the Taiwan Bank. After General Chase left office and returned, the dormitories were demolished. The Guobin Hotel was subsequently built on the site.[6]: 167–168 After retirement, Huang Chaoqin held several positions including the managing director of the Bank of Taiwan, chairman of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, and agent for the Taiwan sales rights of British Asia Oil.[7]
In 1967, Huang Chaoqin erected a monument for the Yanyan Port Public School principal, Sen Rong, to express his gratitude.[8]
Huang Chaoqin passed away from liver cancer on July 5, 1972, at the age of seventy-six. On the same day, the Taiwan Provincial Council decided to fly the flag at half-mast for three days to honor Huang Chaoqin.[citation needed]
Publications
[edit]Huang Chaoqin's works include:
- "Taiwan under Japanese Rule" (English version, unpublished)
- "The Development of the Chinese Nation Overseas"
- "Guangyuan Lun Case" (Chinese and English)
- "My Memories": Memoirs, edited by Wang Shaozhai and published by Huang Chen Yinlian in December 1981; renamed "Huang Chaoqin's Memoirs" when serialized in "China and Foreign Magazine" (March 1982 – November 1983); published by Longwen Publishing House in 1989 Published on June 15, the title of the book is still "My Memories". When it was republished on May 1, 2001, it was renamed "Memoirs of Chao Qin: Taiwan's Political and Business Leaders".
Legacy
[edit]
After Huang Chaoqin's death, the local "Dongmen Road" in Yanshui was renamed "Chaoqin Road" in his honor.[9] Taiwan Provincial Consultative Council in the Democratic Deliberation Park of the Legislative Yuan was built in April 1963, when the Sixth Extraordinary Session of the Second Provincial Congress was held. Since the then Speaker Huang Chaoqin had decided not to run for election, provincial councilors Xu Shixian, Xie Dongmin, Liang Xu Chunju, Li Jianhe, and Guo Yuxin co-sponsored the proposal, arguing that since the establishment of the Provincial Senate, it has been 17 years since the Provisional Provincial Council was transformed into the Provincial Council. Huang Chaoqin has always remained in his position as the speaker and has contributed significantly to leading the forum. The Provincial Council has been relocated to Wu. Feng built the new site, drew up the design, and worked hard. To respect the achievements of Speaker Huang Chaoqin, it was proposed that a building of the Provincial Council be used as a permanent memorial. Since the Provincial Council was building a library at that time, it was decided to name the library " Chaoqin Library." in December 1963, the first speaker of the Provincial Council, Huang Chaoqin, and the then speaker Xie Dongmin presided over the ribbon-cutting and opening ceremony. After Mr. Huang Chaoqin passed away in 1973, given his outstanding contribution to Taiwan's democratization and establishment of the political system, the name was changed to "Chaoqin Memorial Hall."[10] Huang Chaoqin served in the Taiwan Provincial Senate and the Provisional Provincial Assembly of Taiwan Province since 1946 and as the Speaker of the 1st and 2nd Taiwan Provincial Assembly for five terms. Until he bid farewell to the parliament in 1963, he presided over the affairs of the parliament for 17 years. Years long. On January 28, 1973, the Provincial Council erected a statue on the lawn on the right side in front of the parliament building to express gratitude for his outstanding contributions to establishing the Provincial Council's parliamentary system and the planning and construction of Wufeng Park. The statue was made by the well-known sculptor Pu Tiansheng. The then Vice President Yan Jiagan wrote an inscription, and Speaker Xie Dongmin wrote a commemorative article to commemorate the memory of future generations.[11]
Reception
[edit]Shen Lyu-shun stated that the Guangyuan Ship Case is a significant event in modern diplomatic history. It encompasses diplomatic negotiations, court proceedings, the application of international law, and the organization of overseas Chinese affairs. These aspects continue to be relevant in today's diplomatic practice. Despite Japan's blockade of China's coastline, Huang Chaoqin considered requisitioning the ship and urged domestic authorities to counter Japan in this case. "[12]
Former provincial councilor and legislator Guo Guoji referred to Huang Chaoqin as the successor to Koo Hsien-jung. Lin Shuguang noted that Huang Chaoqin aspired to be the governor of Taiwan, but his aspiration was not realized.[13] Wu Zhuoliu, in "Taiwan Forsythia," mentioned that Huang Chaoqin is often compared with Gu Xianrong. Gu Xianrong rose from humble beginnings to become a wealthy individual, while Huang Chaoqin, who returned with only a suit, amassed considerable wealth."[6]: 168
Recognitions
[edit]
Medal of Stars, Fourth Class (approved on January 1, 1946)
References
[edit]- ^ 王静仪、李力庸、郑政诚. 《臺灣省議會歷任議長副議長略傳》. 台湾省咨议会. 2016-04. ISBN 9789860485073.Wang Jingyi, Li Liyong, Zheng Zhengcheng. "Brief Biography of Previous Speakers and Deputy Speakers of the Taiwan Provincial Assembly". Taiwan Provincial Council. 2016-04. ISBN 9789860485073.
- ^ a b c d 周宗贤. 《黃朝琴傳》. 台湾省文献委员会. 1994. ISBN 957-00-4183-8.(Zhou Zongxian. "The Biography of Huang Chaoqin". Taiwan Provincial Literature Committee. 1994. ISBN 957-00-4183-8.)
- ^ a b c 黄朝琴. 《我的回憶》. 黄陈印莲. 1981.(Huang Chaoqin. "My Memories". Huang Chen Yinlian. 1981.)
- ^ 逢甲大學 (2019-09-12). 文白之爭──語文;教育;國族的百年戰場 [The Battle between Wen and Bai——Chinese; Education; The Centennial Battlefield of the Nation] (in Russian). Translated by fengjia university. 五南圖書出版股份有限公司. ISBN 978-957-763-545-7.
- ^ Huang, Huangxiong (2017). San dai Taiwan ren : bai nian zhui qiu de xian shi yu li xiang. Internet Archive. Xinbei Shi : Yuan zu wen hua. ISBN 978-986-95322-9-7.
- ^ a b 吴浊流著，锺肇政译. 《台灣連翹》. 前卫出版社出版. 1991年5月15日台湾版第四刷.Written by Wu Zhuoliu and translated by Zhong Zhaozheng. "Taiwan Forsythia". Published by Avant-garde Publishing House. The fourth Taiwan edition was published on May 15, 1991.
- ^ 徐琼二. 黃朝琴論.Xu Qiong'er. Huang Chaoqin's Theory.
- ^ 自由時報電子報 (2008-04-09). "日籍前校長之子捐款 鹽水國小軟網隊比賽有經費 – 生活 – 自由時報電子報". news.ltn.com.tw (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2024-05-15.
- ^ "陳凱劭的BLOG » 蔡榮華(1907–1983)與黃朝琴". 2021-01-24. Archived from the original on 2021-01-24. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
- ^ 立法院中南部服務中心 (2022-09-19). "朝琴紀念館(行政中心)". 立法院中南部服務中心. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
- ^ 立法院中南部服務中心 (2023-03-31). "立法院民主議政園區－園區景點－黃朝琴先生像". Archived from the original on 2023-03-31. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
- ^ 沈吕巡《从辜宽敏想到黄朝琴》，中国时报2017年1月15日。Shen Luxun, "From Gu Kuanmin to Huang Chaoqin," China Times, January 15, 2017.
- ^ 林曙光，《打狗采风录》，高雄：春晖出版社，1993年。页208。(Lin Shuguang, "Dogging Dogs to Collect Styles", Kaohsiung: Chunhui Publishing House, 1993. Page 208.)
