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Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 17th Duke of Alba

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Fitz-James Stuart and the second or maternal family name is Falcó.
The Most Excellent
The Duke of Alba
GE LH GCVO
Photographed in Real Maestranza de Sevilla uniform, 1937
Foreign Minister of Spain
In office
30 January 1930 – 18 February 1931
MonarchAlfonso XIII
Prime MinisterDámaso Berenguer
Preceded byMiguel Primo de Rivera
Succeeded byÁlvaro de Figueroa
Seat of the Real Academia Española
In office
14 March 1943 – 24 September 1953
Preceded byManuel de Saralegui y Medina [es]
Succeeded byPedro Laín Entralgo
Personal details
Born
Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart y Falcó

17 October 1878
Madrid, Spain
Died24 September 1953(1953-09-24) (aged 74)
Lausanne, Switzerland
SpouseMaría del Rosario de Silva, Duchess of Alba
ChildrenCayetana Fitz-James Stuart, 18th Duchess of Alba
ResidenceLiria Palace
Medal record
Men's Polo
Representing  Spain
Olympic Games
Silver medal – second place 1920 Antwerp Team competition

Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart y Falcó, 17th Duke of Alba, 10th Duke of Berwick, GE, LH, GCVO (17 October 1878 – 24 September 1953)[1] was a Spanish peer, diplomat, politician, art collector and Olympic medalist. He was one of the most important aristocrats of his time and held, among other titles, the dukedoms of Alba de Tormes and Berwick, the Countship of Lemos, Lerín, Montijo and the Marquessate of Carpio. He was granted the Order of the Golden Fleece of Spain in 1926.[2]

A close friend and relative of the British royal family, he was one of the leading guests at the wedding of Queen Elizabeth II in 1947.[3]

Family

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The Duke was born on 17 October 1878 in Palace of Liria in Madrid, the first son of Carlos María Fitz-James Stuart, 16th Duke of Alba and María del Rosario Falcó, 21st Countess of Siruela. Don Jacobo was baptised only a few days after with the name "Santiago", a variant of Jacobo. His godparents were his paternal grandfather, Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 15th Duke of Alba and his maternal grandmother María del Pilar Ossorio y Gutiérrez de los Ríos, 3rd Duchess of Fernán Núñez.[4]

On 7 October 1920 he married Maria del Rosario de Silva, 9th Marchioness of San Vicente del Barco (Madrid, 4 April 1900 – Madrid, 11 January 1934), lady of the bedchamber to Queen Victoria Eugenie and sole heiress to the enormous fortune and long list of titles of the house of Híjar as the only child of Alfonso de Silva, 16th Duke of Híjar and her mother María del Rosario Gurtubay, at the Spanish Embassy in London. The two had a single daughter, Cayetana, who inherited all of the family's titles and fortune.

Early years

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He carried out his first studies under private tutors, but was later sent to England to study at Beaumont College, followed by Eton. After returning to Spain, he continued with his higher education enrolling in the Universidad Central de Madrid, where he obtained his bachelor's degree in law.

Diplomatic career

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Portrait by Maurice Fromkes, 1925

He served as Lord of the Bedchamber to the young King Alfonso XIII, who had acceded on his birth. In May 1902, royal visitors came to Madrid for the festivities to mark the King's birthday and enthronement. The Duke received the Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO) from the Duke of Connaught, who was present for the festivities.[5][6]

Between 2 February 1930 and 18 February 1931, Alba was Foreign Minister of Spain. During the Spanish Civil War, the Communists occupied his residence, the Palace of Liria, which his daughter later restored, and they murdered his younger brother Hernando Carlos María Teresa Fitz-James Stuart y Falcó (1882-1936).

Alba became General Franco's official representative in London and opened the new building at Campion Hall, University of Oxford, in June 1936, alongside Alban Goodier S.J., the former Archbishop of Bombay, and the Earl of Oxford.[7] He was still the ambassador there in 1939, when Neville Chamberlain's cabinet formally gave to Franco's Nationalists diplomatic recognition.

The master Soviet spy Kim Philby wrote in his memoir My Silent War that the Spanish diplomatic bag during the Second World War was regularly accessed, "and from it [we] learnt that Alba periodically sent to Madrid despatches on the British political scene of quite exceptional quality. As we had no doubt that the Spanish Foreign Ministry would make them available to the German allies, these despatches represented a really serious leakage. Yet there was nothing that could be done. There was no evidence that the Duke had obtained his information improperly. He simply moved with people in the know and reported what they said, with shrewd commentaries of his own." In fact, King George VI was warned of this possibility in October 1943, as his Private Secretary Sir Alan Lascelles reported in his diary, and advised not to say anything that he did not want to reach the enemy.[8]

After the war, Alba's relations with Franco markedly cooled, the result of Alba supporting a prompt monarchist restoration much more than Franco. Alba was a leading guest at the 1947 wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.[9]

Olympic career

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He won a silver medal in polo at the 1920 Summer Olympics.[10][11]

Honors

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Titles and styles

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Titles

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Dukedoms

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The Duke of Alba and Winston Churchill, his distant cousin, during a polo match in Casa de Campo, Madrid, 1914

Count-Dukedoms

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Marquessates

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  • 17th Marquess of Carpio, Grandee of Spain
  • 22nd Marquess of Coria
  • 19th Marquess of Ardales -Ceded to his sister Doña Sol
  • 19th Marquess of la Mota
  • 19th Marquess of Moya
  • 18th Marquess of Sarria
  • 17th Marquess of Barcarrota
  • 17th Marquess of Villanueva del Fresno
  • 16th Marquess of Villanueva del Río
  • 15th Marquess of la Albaga
  • 13th Marquess of Eliche
  • 13th Marquess of San Leonardo
  • 11th Marquess of Osera
  • 11th Marquess of Tarazona

Countships

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  • 21st Count of Lemos, Grandee of Spain
  • 21st Count of Siruela, Grandee of Spain
  • 19th Count of Lerín, Grandee of Spain, Constable of Navarre
  • 11th Count of Montijo, Grandee of Spain
  • 19th Count of Osorno, Grandee of Spain
  • 15th Count of Monterrey, Grandee of Spain
  • 13th Count of Baños, Grandee of Spain
  • 24th Count of San Esteban de Gormaz
  • 20th Count of Miranda del Castañar
  • 20th Count of Modica (Kingdom of Sicily)
  • 19th Count of Villalba
  • 18th Count of Andrade
  • 17th Count of Gelves
  • 16th Count of Galve
  • 15th Count of Casarrubios del Monte
  • 15th Count of Fuentes de Valdepero
  • 13th Count of Ayala
  • 11th Count of Santa Cruz de la Sierra
  • 10th Count of Fuentidueña
  • 10th Earl of Tinmouth

Viscountcies

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  • 11th Viscount of la Calzada

Baronies

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Styles

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  • The Most Excellent The Duke of Huéscar (1878–1901)
  • The Most Excellent The Duke of Alba de Tormes (1901–1953)

Coat of arms

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  • Heraldry of Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart y Falcó
  • Coat of arms of Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart y Falcó as Duke of Alba
    Coat of arms of Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart y Falcó as Duke of Alba

References

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  1. ^ Obituaries from the Times. Newspaper Archive Developments Limited. 1951. p. 11.
  2. ^ Geneall
  3. ^ Royal Collection: Seating plan for the Ball Supper Room
  4. ^ http://www.senado.es/cgi-bin/verdocweb?tipo_bd=HI20&PWIndice=4&Signatura=HIS-0010-05&Contenido=1 [bare URL PDF]
  5. ^ "No. 27440". The London Gazette. 6 June 1902. p. 3681.
  6. ^ William A. Shaw, The Knights of England, page 425
  7. ^ "Campion Hall Pages 339-340 A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 3, the University of Oxford. Originally published by Victoria County History, London, 1954". British History Online.
  8. ^ Diary entry of 14 October 1943, page 201, "King's Counsellor - Abdication and War - the diaries of Sir Alan Lascelles, edited by Duff Hart-Davis, published 2006
  9. ^ Royal Collection: Seating plan for the Ball Supper Room
  10. ^ Sports Reference Olympics Archived 2009-07-04 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ "Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart". Olympedia. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  12. ^ The London Gazette, 10 June 1902, p. 574
  13. ^ Royal Decree of 1925/-Mémorial du centenaire de l'Ordre de Léopold. 1832-1932. Bruxelles, J. Rozez, 1933.
  14. ^ Boletín Oficial del Estado (BOE) - 28 May 1926
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart.
Spanish nobility
Preceded by Duke of Alba
1902–1953 		Succeeded by
Duke of Berwick
1902–1953
Duke of Montoro
1902–1947
Duke of Huéscar
1902–1951 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Marquess of Ardales
1920–1953 		Succeeded by
Italian nobility
Preceded by Count of Modica
1902–1953 		Succeeded by
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