Cadet Corps

A corps of cadets, also called cadet corps, is a type of military school (such as a JROTC high school, ROTC program, senior military college or service academy) intended to prepare cadets for a military life, with the school typically incorporating real military structure and ranks within their respective program.

History

Origins

Initially, such schools admitted only sons of the nobility or gentry, but in time many of the schools were opened also to members of other social classes. Since the 19th century, "corps of cadets" has referred to the student body of cadets at a military academy.

The original Cadets de Gascogne corps was established by King Louis XIII of France for younger sons of Gascon gentry (in the Gascon language, capdets—"little chiefs"). This idea of a school for boys who would later become gentlemen volunteers in the army to offset their lack of patrimony, soon spread, with similar schools being established in other European countries.

Expansion

Germanic countries

Notable cadet-corps schools were created by the "Great Elector" Frederick William I of Brandenburg, in Kolberg, Berlin, and Magdeburg. In 1716 the 1st Kolberg corps of about seventy cadets was relocated to the Royal Prussian Cadet Corps in Berlin. Based at the newly erected Kadettenhaus, it became the main education centre of Prussian Army officers under "Soldier King" Frederick William I. Further cadet schools were established in Stolp (1769), Kulm (1776), Potsdam, and Kalisch (1793). The educational system was largely reorganised by officers like Ernst von Rüchel, Gerhard von Scharnhorst, August Neidhardt von Gneisenau, and Hermann von Boyen in the course of the 19th century Prussian Reforms. In 1878 the Hauptkadettenanstalt moved to Lichterfelde in the southwestern suburbs of Berlin.

The aristocratic Ritter-Akademie (knight academy) in Liegnitz, Silesia, established in 1708, had a similar concept. Based on the Prussian model, cadet schools were founded by the Saxon Army in 1725 at Dresden and by the Bavarian Army at Munich in 1755. A Württemberg military college (Kriegsschule) was founded in 1820 at Ludwigsburg. In the Austrian Empire, Cadeten-Institute were established in Hainburg, Eisenstadt, Marburg, and Rijeka, where officer candidates prepared for military academy attendance.

Russia

A first Russian Cadet Corps was created by Empress Anna at Saint Petersburg in 1731.

Poland-Lithuania

The Corps of Cadets was established at Warsaw for Lithuanian and Polish nobles in 1765 by King Stanisław August Poniatowski.

Japan

Similar institutions comprise the Imperial Japanese Army Academy established in 1868.

United States

In the United States there are several types of institutions which have a cadet corps these include

Federal Service Academies

The colleges operated by the U.S. Federal Government, referred to as federal service academies, are:

United States Air Force Academy
US Air Force Academy cadets
United States Coast Guard Academy
United States Merchant Marine Academy
United States Military Academy
United States Naval Academy

These schools do not force students to pay tuition but require students to fulfill a mandatory service requirements.

Senior Military Colleges

Six colleges that offer military Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) programs under 10 U.S.C. § 2111a(f), though many other schools offer military Reserve Officers' Training Corps under other sections of the law.

All Military Senior Military Colleges

Virginia Military Institute

In addition, these five institutions that were military colleges at the time of their founding now maintain both a corps of cadets and a civilian student body. Many of these institutions also offer online degree programs:

Maritime Institutes

Maritime Institutes operate on a military college system. Cadets may apply for Naval Reserve commissions upon obtaining their Merchant Marine Officer's licenses and offer some form of military commissioning program into the active duty US Navy, US Marine Corps, or US Coast Guard.

California State University Maritime Academy
Great Lakes Maritime Academy (a division of Northwestern Michigan College)
Maine Maritime Academy
Massachusetts Maritime Academy
State University of New York Maritime College (part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system)
Texas A&M Maritime Academy (part of the Texas A&M University System)

Military Junior Colleges

Military junior colleges participate in the Army's two-year Early Commissioning Program, an Army ROTC program where qualified students can earn a commission as a Second Lieutenant after only two years of college.

Canada

Likewise, Upper Canada College, in Toronto, Ontario, maintained a cadet corps from 1832 to 1976.

Modern cadet corps

References