List of sovereign states in the 1900s

This is a list of sovereign states in the 1900s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1900 and 31 December 1909. It contains entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes 119 widely recognized sovereign states, and entities which were de facto sovereign but which were not widely recognized by other states.

Sovereign states

Name and capital city	Information on status and recognition of sovereignty
A
Abuja – Abuja Emirate (to 1902) Capital: Abuja	Widely recognized state.
Aceh – Sultanate of Aceh (to 1903) Capital: Kutaraja	Protectorate of the Ottoman Empire. Annexed by the Netherlands in 1903.
→ Acre – Republic of Acre (to March 1900, from November to 24 December 1900, from 27 January to 11 November 1903.) Capital: Cidade do Acre (to 24 December 1900), Antimary (from 27 January 1903).	De facto independent state. Annexed by Bolivia from 15 March to November 1900, from 24 December 1900 to 27 January 1903, and from 11 November 1903.
Agadez – Tenere Sultanate of Aïr (to 1900) Capital: Agadez	Widely recognized state. Annexed by France in 1900.
Andorra – Principality of Andorra Capital: Andorra la Vella	Widely recognized state. the President of France and Bishop of Urgell are ex officio Co-Princes of Andorra.
Angoche – Angoche Sultanate Capital: Angoche	Widely recognized state.
Ankole – Kingdom of Ankole (to 25 October 1901) Capital: Mbarara	Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom on 25 October 1901.
Argentina – Argentine Republic Capital: Buenos Aires	Widely recognized state. Argentina is a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city.
Aro – Aro Confederacy (to January 1902) Capital: Arochukwu	Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in January 1902.
Ashanti – Ashanti Empire (to 1 January 1902) Capital: Kumasi	Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom on 1 January 1902.
Aussa – Sultanate of Aussa Capital: Aussa	Widely recognized state.
→ → Australia – Commonwealth of Australia (from 1 January 1901) Capital: Melbourne (de facto seat of government)	Widely recognized state from 1 January 1901. Australia is a federation of six states and three territories, and is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom. Australia has 1 External Territory: Papua (External territory, from 18 March 1902)
Austria-Hungary – Austro-Hungarian Monarchy Capital: Vienna (Cisleithania), Budapest (Transleithania)	Widely recognized state. Austria-Hungary has 1 concession and 1 condominium: Bosnia and Herzegovina (Condominium, from October 7, 1908) Tientsin (Concession, from December 27, 1902)
B
Bali – Kingdom of Bali (to 18 April 1908) Capital: Klungkung	Widely recognized state. Annexed by the Netherlands on 18 April 1908.
Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium Capital: Brussels	Widely recognized state. Belgium has 1 colony and 1 concession: Belgian Congo (Colony, from 15 November 1908) Tientsin (Concession, from 1902)
Bhutan Capital: Punakha Bhutan (to 17 December 1907) Kingdom of Bhutan (from 17 December 1907)	Widely recognized state.
Biu – Biu Kingdom (to 1900) Capital: Biu	Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1900.
Bolivia – Republic of Bolivia Capital: Sucre (official), La Paz (administrative)	Widely recognized state.
Brakna – Brakna Emirate (to October 18, 1904) Capital: Aleg	Widely recognized state. Annexed by France on 18 October 1904.
Brazil – Republic of the United States of Brazil Capital: Rio de Janeiro	Widely recognized state. Brazil was a federation of 20 states, one territory, and one federal district.
Bulgaria Capital: Sofia Principality of Bulgaria (de facto independent state, to October 5, 1908) Kingdom of Bulgaria (from 5 October 1908)	De facto independent state until October 5, 1908. Widely recognized state from October 5, 1908.
Busoga – Kingdom of Busoga (to 1906) Capital: Bugembe	Widely recognized state. Abandoned in 1906.
C
Canada – Dominion of Canada Capital: Ottawa	Widely recognized state. Canada is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom.
Champasak – Kingdom of Champasak (to November 22, 1904) Capital: Champasak	Vassal of Siam until 1904. Annexed by France on November 22, 1904.
Chile – Republic of Chile Capital: Santiago	Widely recognized state.
China – Great Qing Empire Capital: Peking	Widely recognized state.
Chokwe – Chokwe Kingdom (to 1908) Capital: Not specified	Widely recognized state. Annexed by Portugal in 1908.
Colombia – Republic of Colombia Capital: Bogotá	Widely recognized state.
Congo – Congo Free State (to November 15, 1908) Capital: Boma	Widely recognized state. State in personal union with the Kingdom of Belgium. Annexed by Belgium on November 15, 1908.
→ Costa Rica – First Costa Rican Republic Capital: San José	Widely recognized state.
Cuba – Republic of Cuba (from May 20, 1902 to September 28, 1906 and from February 6, 1909) Capital: Havana	Widely recognized state from May 20, 1902. Annexed by the United States of America from September 28, 1906 to February 6, 1909.
D
Damagaram – Sultanate of Damagaram (to 1902) Capital: Zinder	Widely recognized state to 1902. Annexed by France in 1902.
Dar al Kuti – Sultanate of Dar Al Kuti Capital: N'Délé	Widely recognized state.
Darfur – Sultanate of Darfur Capital: El Fasher	Widely recognized state.
Dendi – Dendi Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Lulami	Widely recognized state. Annexed by France in 1901.
Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark Capital: Copenhagen	Widely recognized state. Denmark has 1 colony and 1 dependency and 1 territory: Danish West Indies (Colony) Faroe Islands (Territory) Greenland (Territory) Iceland (Dependency)
Dhala – Emirate of Dhala (to 1904) Capital: Dhala	Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1904.
Dominican Republic – Second Dominican Republic Capital: Santo Domingo	Widely recognized state.
E
→ Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador Capital: Quito	Widely recognized state.
El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador Capital: San Salvador	Widely recognized state.
Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire Capital: Addis Ababa	Widely recognized state.
F
France – French Republic Capital: Paris	Widely recognized state. The following are colonies, concessions and protectorates of France: French Algeria (de jure Department of Metropolitan France, de facto Colony) French Chad (Colony from September 5, 1900, merged with Ubangi-Shari on February 11, 1906) French Comoros (Protectorate) French Congo (Colony) French Guiana (Colony) French India (Colony) French Indochina (Federation of colonies) French Ivory Coast (Colony to 1904) French Madagascar (Colony) French Oceania (Protectorate) French Somaliland (Colony) French Tunisia (Protectorate) French West Africa (Federation of colonies) Futa Jallon (Protectorate) Guadeloupe (Colony) Guangzhouwan (Leased territory to January 5, 1900) Hankou (Concession) Martinique (Colony) Mauritania (Protectorate from 1903 to 1904) New Caledonia (Colony) Réunion (Colony) Saint Barthélemy (Colony) Saint Martin (Colony) Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Colony) Shanghai (Concession) Tientsin (Concession) Ubangi-Shari (Colony from December 29, 1903) Wallis and Futuna (Protectorate)
G
Geledi – Sultanate of the Geledi (to September 3, 1908) Capital: Afgooye	Widely recognized state. Annexed by Italy on September 3, 1908.
Germany – German Realm Capital: Berlin	Widely recognized state. The following are colonies, concessions and protectorates of Germany: German East Africa (Colony) German Kiautschou (Concession) German New Guinea (Protectorate) German Samoa (Protectorate from March 1, 1900) German South-West Africa (Colony) Hankou (Concession) Kamerun (Colony) Tientsin (Concession) Togoland (Protectorate)
Greece – Kingdom of Greece Capital: Athens	Widely recognized state.
Gowa – Sultanate of Gowa Capital: Jongaya	Widely recognized state.
Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala Capital: Guatemala City	Widely recognized state.
H
Ha'il – Emirate of Ha'il Capital: Ha'il	Widely recognized state.
Haiti – Republic of Haiti Capital: Port-au-Prince	Widely recognized state.
Honduras – Republic of Honduras Capital: Tegucigalpa	Widely recognized state.
I
Igala – Igala Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Idah	Widely recognized state.
Igara – Kingdom of Igara (to 1901) Capital: Not specified	Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1901.
Ilé-Ifẹ̀ – Ilé-Ifẹ̀ Kingdom (to 1900) Capital: Ilé-Ifẹ̀	Widely recognized state.
Italy – Kingdom of Italy Capital: Rome	Widely recognized state. Italy had two colonies and one concession: Amoy (Concession from 1902) Italian Eritrea (Colony) Italian Somaliland (Colony) Shanghai (Concession from 1902) Tientsin (Concession, from June 7, 1902)
J
Japan – Empire of Japan Capital: Tokyo City	Widely recognized state. Japan had sovereignty over the following protectorates, dependencies and concessions: Chongqing (Concession) Hangzhou (Concession) Hankou (Concession) Korea (Protectorate from November 17, 1905) Karafuto (Dependency, from September 5, 1905) Kwantung (Concession from September 5, 1905) Shashi (Concession) Suzhou (Concession) Taiwan (Dependency) Tientsin (Concession)
Johor – Johor Sultanate Capital: Johor Bahru	Widely recognized state.
K
Kajara – Kajara Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Not specified	Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1901.
Kano – Kano Emirate (to February 3, 1903) Capital: Takai	Vassal of the Sokoto Caliphate. Annexed by the United Kingdom on February 3, 1903.
Kasanje – Jaga Kingdom Capital: Not specified	Widely recognized state.
Kebbi – Kebbi Emirate (to 1902) Capital: Argungu	Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1902.
Korea – Greater Korean Empire (to November 17, 1905) Capital: Hanseong	Widely recognized state. to November 17, 1905. Became a Japanese protectorate on November 17, 1905.
L
Lafia Beri-Beri – Lafia Beri-Beri Kingdom (to 1900) Capital: Lafia	Widely recognized state to. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1900.
Liberia – Republic of Liberia Capital: Monrovia	Widely recognized state.
Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein Capital: Vaduz	Widely recognized state.
Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Capital: Luxembourg City	Widely recognized state.
M
Mbunda – Mbunda Kingdom Capital: Not specified	Widely recognized state.
Mexico – United Mexican States Capital: Mexico City	Widely recognized state.
Monaco – Principality of Monaco Capital: Monaco	Widely recognized state.
→ Montenegro – Principality of Montenegro Capital: Cetinje	Widely recognized state.
Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco Capital: Fes	Widely recognized state.
Muscat and Oman – Sultanate of Muscat and Oman Capital: Muscat	De jure independent state. De facto a British protectorate.
Mutayr – Emirate of Mutayr (to 1908) Capital: Not specified	Widely recognized state.
N
Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands Capital: Amsterdam	Widely recognized state. The Netherlands had sovereignty over three colonies: Curaçao and Dependencies Dutch East Indies Surinam
Newfoundland – Dominion of Newfoundland (from September 26, 1907) Capital: St. John's	Widely recognized state. Newfoundland is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom.
New Zealand – Dominion of New Zealand (from September 26, 1907) Capital: Wellington	Widely recognized state. New Zealand is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom. The following are territories of New Zealand: Cook Islands (Dependent territory) Niue Island (Dependent territory)
→ Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua Capital: Managua	Widely recognized state.
Niue – Kingdom of Niue-Fekai (to October 20, 1900) Capital: Not specified	Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom on April 21, 1900.
→ Norway – Kingdom of Norway (in personal union with Sweden until June 7, 1905) Capital: Christiania	Widely recognized state. In personal union with Sweden until June 7, 1905. Norway had three uninhabited possessions: Bouvet Island Peter I Island Sverdrup Islands
Nri – Kingdom of Nri Capital: Igbo-Ukwu	Widely recognized state.
Nshenyi – Nshenyi Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Not specified	Widely recognized state. Annexed by Ankole in 1901.
O
Obwera – Obwera Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Not specified	Widely recognized state. Annexed by Ankole in 1901.
Onitsha – Onitsha Kingdom (to 1900) Capital: Onitsha	Widely recognized state.
Orange Free State (to May 31, 1902) Capital: Bloemfontein	Widely recognized state. Independent Annexed by the United Kingdom in May 31, 1902.
Oron – Oron Nation (to 1909) Capital: Oron	Widely recognized state to 1909. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1909.
Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State Capital: Constantinople	Widely recognized independent state. The following are autonomous territories of the Ottoman Empire: Crete (De jure autonomous state under de facto union with Greece since 1908) Egypt (De jure Autonomous vassal under de facto British occupation) Mecca (Non-sovereign state) Qatar (De facto autonomous Kazak) Samos (Autonomous state)
P
→ Panama – Republic of Panama (from November 3, 1903) Capital: Panama City	Widely recognized state from November 3, 1903.
Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay Capital: Asunción	Widely recognized state.
Pattani – Sultanate of Patani (to 1902) Capital: Patani	Widely recognized state. Annexed by Siam in 1902.
→ Persia – Sublime State of Persia Capital: Tehran	Widely recognized state.
Peru – Peruvian Republic Capital: Lima	Widely recognized state.
Philippines – First Philippine Republic (to March 23, 1901) Capital: Several temporary capitals	De facto independent state to March 23, 1901.
Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal Capital: Lisbon	Widely recognized state. The following are colonies, vassal state and possession of Portugal: Portuguese Cape Verde (Colony) Kongo (Vassal state) Portuguese East Africa (Colony) Portuguese Guinea (Colony) Portuguese India (Colony) Portuguese Macau (Colony) Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe (Colony) Portuguese Timor (Colony) Portuguese West Africa (Colony) Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá (Possession)
Potiskum – Potiskum Emirate (to 1901) Capital: Potiskum	Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1901.
R
Riyadh – Emirate of Riyadh (from January 15, 1902) Capital: Riyadh	Widely recognized state from January 15, 1902.
Romania – Kingdom of Romania Capital: Bucharest	Widely recognized state.
Rujumbura – Rujumbura Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Not specified	Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1901.
Rukiga – Rukiga Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Not specified	Widely recognized state to 1901.
Russia – Russian Empire Capital: Saint Petersburg	Widely recognized state. Russia had two protectorates, one concession and one autonomous grand duchy: Bukhara (Protectorate) Khiva (Protectorate) Tientsin (Concession from 1900) Finland (Autonomous grand duchy)
S
San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino Capital: San Marino	Widely recognized state.
Serbia – Kingdom of Serbia Capital: Belgrade	Widely recognized state.
Setul Mambang Segara – Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara Capital: Kota Mambang Segara	Widely recognized state.
→ Siam – Kingdom of Siam Capital: Bangkok	Widely recognized state. Siam has one vassal state: Champasak (Vassal, to 1904)
Sokoto – Caliphal State in the Bilād as-Sūdān (to July 29, 1903) Capital: Sokoto	Widely recognized state to July 29, 1903. Annexed by the United Kingdom.
Spain – Kingdom of Spain Capital: Madrid	Widely recognized independent state. Spain had three colonies, and two possessions: Elobey, Annobón and Corisco (Colony) Fernando Po (Colony) Río Muni (Colony) Spanish North Africa (Possession) Spanish Sahara (Possession)
Swaziland – Kingdom of Swaziland (to June 1902) Capital: Bremersdorp	Widely recognized independent state to June 1902.
Sweden and Norway – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway (to June 7, 1905) Capital: Stockholm, Christiania	Personal union of the separate kingdoms of Sweden and Norway to June 7, 1905. Union Badge removed November 1, 1905.
→ → Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden (in personal union with Norway until June 7, 1905) Capital: Stockholm	Widely recognized independent state. In personal union with Norway until June 7, 1905.
Switzerland – Swiss Confederation Capital: Bern	Widely recognized independent state. Switzerland was a federation of 25 cantons.
T
Tagant – Emirate of Tagant (to 1905) Capital: Tidjikja	Widely recognized independent state.
Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga (to May 18, 1900) Capital: Nuku'alofa	Widely recognized independent state.
Transvaal – South African Republic (to May 31, 1902) Capital: Pretoria	Widely recognized independent state.
Trarza – Emirate of Trarza (to December 15, 1902) Capital: Mederdra	Widely recognized independent state.
U
United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Capital: London	Widely recognized independent state. The following are colonies, territories, dependencies and protectorates of the United Kingdom: Aden (Protectorate) → Afghanistan (Protectorate under Treaty of Gandamak) Amoy (Concession) Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (Condominium of the United Kingdom and the Khedivate of Egypt) Ascension Island (Possession) → Bahama Islands (Crown colony) Bahrain (Protectorate) Baker Island (Uninhabited possession) Barbados (Crown colony) Barotziland–North-Western Rhodesia (Protectorate) Basutoland (Crown colony) Bechuanaland (Protectorate) Bermuda (Crown colony) British Central Africa (Protectorate, to 6 July 1907) British Ceylon (Crown colony) British Cyprus (Protectorate) British East Africa (Protectorate) → British Guiana (Colony) British Honduras (Crown colony) British Hong Kong (Crown colony) → British Jamaica (Crown colony) British Leeward Islands (Crown colony) → British Mauritius (Crown colony) → British Somaliland (Crown colony) British Trinidad and Tobago (Crown colony) British Western Pacific Territories (Crown colony) → British Windward Islands (Crown colony) → Brunei (Protectorate) Cape Colony (Colony) Colony of Natal (Colony) Falkland Islands (Crown colony) Federated Malay States (Protectorate) Friendly Islands (Tripartite protectorate to 1900, became part of the British Western Pacific Territories) Gambia (Crown colony and protectorate) Gibraltar (Crown colony) Gilbert and Ellice Islands (Protectorate) Gold Coast (Crown colony) Graham Land (Uninhabited possession) Guernsey (Crown dependency) Hankou (Concession) Heard Island and McDonald Islands (Uninhabited possession) India - Indian Empire (Empire) Isle of Man (Crown dependency) Jarvis Island (Uninhabited possession) Jersey (Crown dependency) Kuwait (Protectorate) Labuan (Crown colony from 1904 to 2 January 1907) Lagos (Colony to February 1906, incorporated into the Southern Nigeria Protectorate) Maldive Islands (Protectorate) Malta (Crown colony) Muscat and Oman (Protectorate) Nepal (Protectorate) → Newfoundland (Crown colony to 26 September 1907) New Hebrides (Anglo-French condominium, from October 20, 1906) New South Wales (Colony to 1900, became a state of Australia) New Zealand (Colony, to 26 September 1907) Niger Districts (Protectorate to 1900, became part of Northern Nigeria) → North Borneo (Protectorate) Northern Nigeria (Protectorate from January 1, 1900) North-Eastern Rhodesia (Protectorate, from 29 January 1900) Nyasaland (Protectorate, from 6 July 1907) → Orange River Colony (Colony, from 31 May 1902) British New Guinea (Colony to 18 March 1902, transferred to Australia) Rhodesia (Company Rule by British South Africa Company) Queensland (Colony to 1900, became a state of Australia) Saint Helena (Crown colony) Sarawak (Protectorate) Seychelles (Crown colony from 1903) Sierra Leone (Crown colony and protectorate) Sikkim (Protectorate) South Australia (Colony to 1900, became a state of Australia) South Orkney Islands (Uninhabited possession from 1908) South Shetland Islands (Uninhabited possession from 1908) Southern Nigeria (Protectorate, from 1 January 1900) → Straits Settlements (Crown colony) Suez Canal Zone (Crown colony) Swaziland (Protectorate, from 1903) Tasmania (Colony to 1900, became a state of Australia) Tientsin (Concession) Transvaal Colony (Colony from 31 May 1902) Tristan da Cunha (Crown colony) Trucial States (Protectorate) Unfederated Malay States Kedah (Protectorate) Kelantan (Protectorate) Perlis (Protectorate) Terengganu (Protectorate) Uganda (Protectorate) Union Islands (Protectorate) Victoria (Colony to 1900, became a state of Australia) Victoria Land (Uninhabited possession) → Weihai (Concession) Western Australia (Colony to 1900, became a state of Australia) Zanzibar (Protectorate)
→ United States – United States of America Capital: Washington D.C.	Widely recognized independent state. The following are territories of the United States of America: → Alaska (District) → American Samoa (Territory) → Arizona (Territory) → Bajo Nuevo Bank (Uninhabited territory) Cuba (Territory to May 20, 1902) → Guam (Territory) Hawaii (Territory) → Howland Island (Uninhabited territory) → Indian Territory (Territory to November 16, 1907) → Johnston Atoll (Uninhabited territory) → Kingman Reef (Uninhabited territory) → Middlebrook Island (Uninhabited territory) → Midway Atoll (Uninhabited territory) → Navassa Island (Uninhabited territory) → New Mexico (Territory) Oklahoma (Territory to November 16, 1907) → Palmyra Atoll (Territory from 14 June 1900) → Panama Canal Zone (Territory, from 4 May 1904) → Philippine Islands Philippine Islands (Territory to 1 July 1902) → Philippine Islands (Territory from 1 July 1902) → → Puerto Rico (Territory) → Quita Sueño Bank (Uninhabited territory) → Roncador Bank (Uninhabited territory) → Serrana Bank (Uninhabited territory) → Serranilla Bank (Uninhabited territory) → Swan Islands (Uninhabited territory) Tientsin (Concession until 1901) → Wake Island (Uninhabited territory)
Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom (to 5 February 1904) Capital: Sa'id	Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom on 5 February 1904.
Upper Aulaqi Sultanate (to 23 April 1904) Capital: Nişāb	Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom on 23 April 1904.
Upper Yafa – State of Upper Yafa (to 1903) Capital: Mahjaba	Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1903.
Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay Capital: Montevideo	Widely recognized state.
V
→ Venezuela – United States of Venezuela Capital: Caracas	Widely recognized independent state.
W
Wadai – Wadai Empire Capital: Abéché	Widely recognized independent state.
Wajoq – Kingdom of Wajoq (to 1906) Capital: Tosora	Widely recognized independent state.
Wukari – Wukari Federation (to 1900) Capital: Wukari	Widely recognized independent state.
States claiming sovereignty
Chita – Chita Republic (from November 22, 1905 to January 22, 1906) Capital: Chita	Unrecognized state.
Cruzob – Chan Santa Cruz (to May 5, 1901) Capital: Noh Kah Balam Nah Chan Santa Cruz	De facto independent state. Reannexed to Mexico from May 5, 1901.
Dervish State – Dervish State Capital: Taleh	Unrecognized state.
Gurian Republic (from 1902 to 1906) Capital: Ozurgeti	Unrecognized state.
Jungle Nation – Jungle Republic (to February 27, 1900) Capital: Moyobamba	Unrecognized state.
Khiva – Khanate of Khiva Capital: Khiva	Semi-independent state. Under Russian protection.
Kruševo – Republic of Kruševo (from August 3 to August 13, 1903) Capital: Kruševo	De facto independent state.
Negros – Cantonal Republic of Negros (to August 20, 1901) Capital: Bacolod	Unrecognized state.
Shuliavka Republic (from December 12 to December 16, 1905) Capital: Shuliavka	Unrecognized state.
Shuntian Kingdom – Heavenly Kingdom of the Great Mingshun (from January 28 to January 31, 1903) Capital: Guangzhou	Unrecognized state from January 28 to January 31, 1903.
Strandzha Commune (from August 18 to September 8, 1903) Capital: Malko Tarnovo	Unrecognized state.
Tagalog Republic (de facto independent state, from May 6, 1902 to July 14, 1906) Capital: Morong	Unrecognized state.