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List of ethnic origins of New Zealanders

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In the most recent New Zealand census, in 2018, 70.2 per cent of the population identified as European and 16.5 per cent as Māori. Other major pan-ethnic groups include Asians (15.1 per cent) and Pacific peoples (8.1 per cent). Middle Eastern, Latin American and African ethnicities constitute a small remainder (1.5 per cent) of the population. When completing the census people could select more than one ethnic group and this list includes all of the stated ethnic groups if more than one is chosen.[1]

New Zealand's ethnic diversity can be attributed to its history and location. For example, the country's colonisation by the UK is a core reason for its Western values and culture.

Terminology

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The New Zealand census invites respondents to identify with an ethnic group.[2]

There are six major ethnic groupings:[3]

  • European New Zealanders (Pākehā) are a European ethnic group. It includes New Zealanders of European descent, European peoples (e.g. British, Irish, Dutch, German, Russian, Italian, Greek), and other peoples of indirect European descent (e.g. Americans, Canadians, Australians and South Africans,).
  • Māori are the indigenous people of New Zealand.
  • Pacific peoples (Pasifika) originate from other islands in the Pacific, including from the Cook Islands, Niue, and Tokelau, all of which are dependent states of New Zealand, as well as other places like Tuvalu, Palau, The Pitcairn Islands and Fiji.[4]
  • Asian New Zealanders are a pan-ethnic group deriving from various nations in the Asian continent, such as Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, Indians, Filipinos, Vietnamese or their descendants.
  • Middle Eastern, Latin American, African (MELAA), and Caribbean ethnicities constitute a very small remainder of the population.
  • "Other" is a grouping of ethnic groups which do not fit into the other five top-level ethnic groups.

Handling multiple ethnicities

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Many respondents identify with multiple ancestries.[1] Outputting data on multiple ethnicities is normally handled one of two ways: total response or prioritised ethnicity. For this list, the total response method is used.

Total response counts people of multiple ethnicities in each ethnic groups in which they identify. While this shows all the people that identify with a particular ethnicities, the sum of all ethnic group populations adds to more than the total population. For example, a person who identifies as New Zealand European and Māori would be counted twice, once under each ethnicity, under total response output.[5]

Prioritised ethnicity counts people with multiple ethnicities in the highest-priority single ethnic group in which they identify. The order of priority for ethnicity, from highest to lowest, is Māori, Pacific peoples, Asian, MELAA, other and European. While it has the advantage that the sum of all ethnic groups equals the total population, the preferential order can cause ethnic groups to be overrepresented or underrepresented, and may categorise a person differently from their self-identified primary ethnicity. For example, a person who identifies as New Zealand European and Māori would be counted under the Māori ethnic group under prioritised ethnicity output.[5]

Ethnicities

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Ethnicities (self-identified) recorded in the 2006 and 2013 New Zealand censuses. Only ethnicities with 1,000 or more responses at the 2013 census are included individually:

Code Ethnicity Ethnic group Responses
2001 2006[6] 2013[7] 2018[8]
11111 New Zealand European European 2,696,724 2,381,076 2,727,009 3,013,440
21111 Māori Māori 526,281 565,329 598,605 775,836
42100 Chinese nfd Asian 100,680 139,731 163,101 231,387
43100 Indian nfd Asian 60,213 97,443 143,520 221,916
31111 Samoan Pacific 115,017 131,103 144,138 182,721
33111 Tongan Pacific 40,716 50,481 60,333 82,389
32100 Cook Islands Māori nfd Pacific 51,486 56,895 61,077 80,532
41111 Filipino Asian 11,091 16,938 40,350 72,612
12114 English European 35,082 44,202 38,916 72,204
61118 New Zealander Other — 429,429 65,973 45,330
12948 South African European European 14,913 21,609 28,656 37,155
44311 Korean Asian 19,026 30,792 30,171 35,664
10000 European nfd European 23,598 21,855 26,472 34,632
34111 Niuean Pacific 20,148 22,476 23,883 30,867
12211 Dutch European 27,507 28,644 28,503 29,820
12811 Australian European 20,784 26,355 22,467 29,349
36111 Fijian Pacific 7,041 9,864 14,445 19,722
12119 Scottish European 13,782 15,039 14,412 18,627
44211 Japanese Asian 10,026 11,910 14,118 18,141
12116 Irish European 11,706 12,651 14,193 17,835
12711 German European 9,057 10,917 12,810 16,818
12943 American European 8,472 10,806 12,339 16,245
43112 Fijian Indian Asian 1,983 5,616 10,929 15,132
40000 Asian nfd Asian 3,927 2,160 4,623 11,811
12100 British nfd European 16,572 27,192 36,024 11,607
41415 Thai Asian 4,554 6,057 8,052 10,623
41311 Vietnamese Asian 3,462 4,770 6,660 10,086
52100 Latin American nfd MELAA 1,044 2,253 5,622 9,798
41211 Cambodian Asian 5,268 6,915 8,601 9,672
44111 Sinhalese Asian 615 792 1,017 9,171
35111 Tokelauan Pacific 6,204 6,819 7,173 8,676
51100 Middle Eastern nfd MELAA 867 1,659 4,380 8,268
12945 Canadian European 4,392 5,604 5,871 7,797
12935 Russian European 3,141 4,836 5,979 7,713
12924 French European 3,513 3,816 4,593 7,677
53100 African nfd MELAA 2,013 4,053 6,822 7,221
61117 Other South African Other 255 6,816
52113 Brazilian MELAA 582 1,473 2,868 6,663
42116 Taiwanese Asian 3,768 5,448 5,715 6,570
41000 Southeast Asian nfd Asian 216 471 1,272 6,219
44414 Pakistani Asian 1,017 2,052 3,261 6,135
41412 Indonesian Asian 2,073 3,261 4,137 6,033
12611 Italian European 2,955 3,117 3,798 5,352
44411 Afghani Asian 807 2,538 3,417 5,250
12121 Welsh European 3,414 3,774 3,708 4,971
42113 Malaysian Chinese Asian 486 1,353 1,848 4,866
37144 Tuvaluan Pacific 1,968 2,625 3,537 4,653
51115 Iranian/Persian MELAA 2,160 2,895 3,198 4,425
44100 Sri Lankan nfd Asian 6,042 7,041 9,561 4,245
61199 Other ethnicity nec Other 150 4,017
41414 Malaysian Asian 2,052 3,537 4,797 3,729
44413 Nepalese Asian 387 654 1,590 3,630
44112 Sri Lankan Tamil Asian 732 3,501
37124 Kiribati Pacific 645 1,116 2,115 3,225
42111 Hong Kong Chinese Asian 222 3,177
51112 Arab MELAA 2,856 2,607 2,919 2,994
12511 Croatian European 2,505 2,550 2,673 2,946
52114 Chilean MELAA 588 1,053 1,686 2,886
12411 Polish European 1,956 1,965 2,163 2,871
12939 Spanish European 1,731 1,857 2,043 2,773
30000 Pacific Peoples nfd Pacific 678 789 1,026 2,724
51116 Iraqi MELAA 2,145 3,222 2,583 2,688
12941 Swiss European 2,346 2,313 2,388 2,649
12311 Greek European 2,280 2,355 2,478 2,475
41411 Burmese Asian 573 726 2,187 2,475
44412 Bangladeshi Asian 1,140 1,488 1,623 2,337
12920 Danish European 1,995 1,932 1,986 2,214
12999 European nec European 477 942 2,637 1,968
12940 Swedish European 1,119 1,254 1,401 1,911
12950 Zimbabwean European European — 2,556 1,617 1,872
51117 Israeli/Jewish MELAA 1,599 1,599 1,353 1,854
52111 Argentinian MELAA 726 1,824
12919 Czech European 600 756 1,083 1,740
37140 Tahitian Pacific 1,200 1,329 1,407 1,737
53119 Somali MELAA 1,971 2,319 1,617 1,701
12926 Hungarian European 894 1,212 1,365 1,638
41499 Southeast Asian nec Asian 723 1,638
53121 Ethiopian MELAA — 1,032 1,242 1,635
43119 South African Indian Asian — 1,632
52115 Colombian MELAA 654 1,620
41413 Laotian Asian 1,401 1,344 1,374 1,608
51114 Egyptian MELAA 942 1,173 1,110 1,533
12933 Romanian European 522 1,554 1,452 1,485
52123 Mexican MELAA 711 1,425
42112 Cambodian Chinese Asian 132 1,413
44416 Eurasian Asian — 1,614 1,365 1,389
12932 Portuguese European 942 1,365
51127 Turkish European 957 1,320
51113 Assyrian MELAA 1,176 1,683 1,497 1,293
12514 Serbian European 753 1,029 1,056 1,284
12942 Ukrainian European 852 1,281
51120 Lebanese MELAA 1,017 999 1,044 1,278
61113 Indigenous American Other 750 1,278
12913 Austrian European 891 993 1,029 1,272
12931 Norwegian European 810 1,131
37135 Papua New Guinean Pacific 807 1,131
53127 Other Zimbabwean MELAA — 1,068
53118 Caribbean MELAA 807 1,047
53199 African nec MELAA 1,902 1,029 1,158 1,005
Not specifieda 150,702 167,784 230,646 0
  • nfd – Not Further Defined (insufficient data to classify the response further)
  • nec – Not Elsewhere Classified (when no category exists for the response)
  • a – Includes Don't Know, Refused to Answer, Response Unidentifiable, Response Outside Scope and Not Stated
  • MELAA – Middle Eastern, Latin American and African

Ethnic groups by region

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Ethnic groups by regional council area, 2018 census[9]
Region European Maori Pacific Asian MELAA Other
Num. % Num. % Num. % Num. % Num. % Num. %
Northland 130,971 73.1 64,458 36.0 7,542 4.2 7,041 3.9 900 0.5 2,124 1.2
Auckland 841,386 53.5 181,194 11.5 243,966 15.5 442,674 28.2 35,838 2.3 16,746 1.1
Waikato 340,800 74.4 109,488 23.9 20,742 4.5 43,775 9.5 5,127 1.1 5,619 1.2
Bay of Plenty 227,100 73.6 89,778 29.1 10,926 3.5 22,122 7.2 2,181 0.7 3,282 1.1
Gisborne 27,612 58.1 25,135 52.9 2,130 4.5 1,341 2.8 213 0.4 438 0.9
Hawke's Bay 124,797 75.0 44,931 27.0 9,351 5.6 8,253 5.0 927 0.6 1,839 1.1
Taranaki 99,660 84.8 23,298 19.8 2,520 2.1 5,331 4.5 699 0.6 1,677 1.4
Manawatu-Whanganui 189,597 79.4 54,570 22.9 10,140 4.2 15,375 6.4 1,836 0.8 3,369 1.4
Wellington 378,255 74.6 72,252 14.3 42,774 8.4 65,601 12.9 9,492 1.9 7,263 1.4
North Island 2,360,178 65.7 665,103 18.5 350,091 9.7 611,493 17.0 57,213 1.6 42,357 1.2
Tasman 48,534 92.6 4,572 8.7 861 1.6 1,452 2.8 246 0.5 792 1.5
Nelson 44,124 86.7 5,421 10.7 1,194 2.3 3,591 7.1 432 0.8 747 1.5
Marlborough 41,571 87.8 6,318 13.3 1,464 3.1 1,929 4.1 402 0.8 771 1.6
West Coast 28,575 90.5 3,687 11.7 477 1.5 1,068 3.4 168 0.5 576 1.8
Canterbury 494,340 82.4 56,298 9.4 18,927 3.2 66,672 11.1 7,314 1.2 8,307 1.4
Otago 195,720 86.9 19,521 8.7 6,099 2.7 15,987 7.1 4,014 1.8 3,054 1.4
Southland 84,324 86.5 14,484 14.9 2,523 2.6 5,406 5.5 540 0.6 1,428 1.5
South Island 937,188 84.8 110,301 10.0 31,545 2.9 96,105 8.7 13,116 1.2 15,675 1.4
New Zealand 3,297,864 70.2 775,836 16.5 381,642 8.1 707,598 15.1 70,332 1.5 58,053 1.2

In images

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  • European from 2006 to 2018
  • Māori in 2018
  • Asian in 2018
  • Pacific peoples in 2018

See also

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Citations

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  1. ^ a b "Cultural diversity". 2013 Census QuickStats about national highlights. Statistics New Zealand. 3 December 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  2. ^ Rocha, Zarine L. (2015). "Mixed Race" Identities in Asia and the Pacific: Experiences from Singapore and New Zealand. Routledge. p. 27. ISBN 9781317390787. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
  3. ^ "Classifications and related statistical standards – Ethnicity". Statistics New Zealand. June 2005. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
  4. ^ Fraenkel, Jon (20 June 2012). "Pacific Islands and New Zealand". Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  5. ^ a b "HISO 10001:2017 Ethnicity Data Protocols" (PDF). Ministry of Health (New Zealand). September 2017.
  6. ^ "2006 Census Data - QuickStats About Culture and Identity" (PDF). Statistics New Zealand. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  7. ^ "Ethnic group profiles". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  8. ^ "2018 Census totals by topic – national highlights | Stats NZ". www.stats.govt.nz. Archived from the original on 23 September 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
  9. ^ "Ethnic group (detailed total response - level 3) by age and sex, for the census usually resident population count, 2006, 2013, and 2018 Censuses (RC, TA, SA2, DHB)". nzdotstat.stats.govt.nz. Retrieved 3 March 2020.

References

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