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Mabel Louisa Dean Paul

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Mabel Louisa Dean Paul (1872–1919) was a high-profile English socialite who divorced her first husband, Colonel Thomas James Atherton (1856–1920), following an adulterous scandal involving one senior British royal, resulting in the eventual naming and shaming of Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster (1879–1953) in 1900.[1] Over an extended period she had an extraordinary ability for getting enmeshed in Society lawsuits.[2]

Mabel Louisa Dean Paul by George Charles Beresford. 1902. Credit: National Portrait Gallery, London

Early life

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Mabel Louisa Dean Paul was the daughter of Edward J. Dean Paul, 4th baronet (died 1895), and his second wife, Elisa Monckton Ramsay, the daughter of Major General James Ramsey, the younger brother of George Ramsay, 12th Earl of Dalhousie.[3][4]

Public figure

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Dean Paul has been described by many as a society beauty.[5] Tall and slender, exquisitely gowned, displaying priceless jewels when in public, the London press at the time referred to her as "the beautiful Mrs. Atherton" and "a fascinating disturber of society". Between 1901 and 1919 much of her private life received public interest.[6]

During 1900, Mrs Atherton had been a leading figure within a group of society women who arrived in South Africa with the intent of nursing the injured soldiers, however she flirted with the British officers.[7] Sir Frederick Treves, 1st Baronet, a distinguished war surgeon, closely associated with the medical treatment of soldier’s in the Second Boer War, described the presence of society women such as Mrs Atherton as a plague.[7]

Society women in the Boer War. Coloured pen and pencil drawing by A. Lynch. Credit: Wellcome Library, London

The affair with the Duke

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When Mrs Atherton arrived in South Africa, her husband’s regiment was under the Command of Paul Methuen, 3rd Baron Methuen at the Battle of Modder River. Mrs Atherton proceeded there and for some time stayed at the same camp as the 21 year old, Captain Hugh Grosvenor, the 2nd Duke of Westminster. An affair ensued with the Duke, which continued when she reached Cape Town.

Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster

When her husband, Lt Colonel Atherton was made aware of her affair with the Duke, he arranged for her safe passage back to England during October 1900, whilst the Governor of the colony, Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner ensured that the young Duke was not on the same boat as Mrs Atherton.[8] Both vessels stopped in Madeira and the adulterous affair with the Duke affectionately known as "Bendor", after his racehorse Bend Or, or "Benny" continued.[1]

Stories of Mrs Atherton’s infidelity with the Duke began to circulate in the British press during early 1901. These articles claimed such events had occurred at the Mount Nelson Hotel, when she was a 28 year old London society nurse, who became entangled with a senior royal, whilst her husband was away fighting with his troops in the Second Boer War.[9]

Mrs Atherton had been very much part of London's High society for some time when she became subject to a public scandal, which culminated in her husband, Thomas James Atherton who at the time was a Lieutenant Colonel in the British Army, filing for divorce.[1] Since the Matrimonial Causes Act 1857, divorce in England was a civil affair, with a civil court in London handling all cases.

The affair was sensationalised in the press since Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster was named as co-respondent a week after his marriage to another socialite, Constance Cornwallis-West.[10]

Constance Edwina, Duchess of Westminster

King Edward VII has been credited by the society inner circles for ending the Duke of Westminster scandal. This was soon reported in the press.[11] By April 1901, there was much speculation of a money offer to keep the case from going to court, which Lieutenant Colonel Atherton at the time had publicly declined. Privately however the press overseas had reported that many thousands of pounds had been paid for his and his wife’s silence.[8]

Mrs Atherton’s affair with Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster was never aired in court despite a petition being submitted. The Duke succeeded in reaching a compromise on the matter, so that the case never went to trial.[9] However it would eventually lead to Lt Colonel Atherton petitioning for divorce in 1905, albeit naming someone else, with decree absolute in 1907.[12][13]

A lady of some social standing

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From the time of her first marriage, until her second marriage, she was known as Mrs Atherton or Mabel Atherton.[14] Mrs Atherton was back in London in 1902 and was photographed by George Charles Beresford. Her photographic portrait forms part of the National Portrait Gallery, London collection.[15]

On 6 August 1904 a large full length portrait of Mrs Atherton appeared on page 586 of the The King and His Navy and Army magazine. Some newspaper articles have incorrectly referred to her as Mabel Louise. Her official birth record records her name as Mabel Louisa.

The breach of promise to marry

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In 1907, Atherton (née Dean Paul) brought an action for breach of promise of a high-profile marriage against Captain John Yarde-Buller, 3rd Baron Churston (1873–1930), who on 24 April 1907, had married the music hall singer, Denise Orme.[16]

Lt. Col. the Hon. Yarde-Buller

At that time the decree in her divorce suit had not been made absolute, hence Justice Charles Darling, 1st Baron Darling proclaimed that it was a question whether the promise had been made while the plaintiff was still a married woman. Atherton waived her claim for damages and judgment was entered for her, with costs.[17]

The affair with the Laird of Kippendaire

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Once again, Mrs Atherton made headlines. Atherton was one of the four principals in the Stirling Divorce Case in Edinburgh during 1909.[18] Clara Elizabeth Taylor Stirling, an American born actress, alleged that her noble Scottish husband, John Alexander Stirling, the Laird of Kippendaire had been unfaithful with Mrs Atherton. Some sources refer to Stirling as the Laird of Kippendavie.[19][20]

Mrs. Clara Taylor Stirling

Clara Stirling had petitioned for divorce, naming Mrs Atherton as Co-respondent.[21] However in John Stirling's action, an allegation was made that Clara Stirling had herself had committed adultery with the son of Uchter Knox, 5th Earl of Ranfurly, Thomas Uchter Knox, Viscount Northland (1882–1915).[22][23][24] A lengthy court case, witnesses included Gilbert Sackville, 8th Earl De La Warr, who stated that his intentions towards Mrs Atherton had always been honourable.[25][26][27]

Further evidence in the court related to Atherton and John Stirling having visited Paris together in 1908. Stirling had claimed that they had each stayed in adjacent rooms. However witnesses had stated that his room had been left untouched. After much deliberation, the court eventually ruled in favour of John A. Stirling and Mrs Atherton.[28][29][14] In delivering his judgement Lord Guthrie criticised all parties stating all had led selfish and idle lives. In relation to Atherton he said she was:

"a lady by birth and fitted to take a conspicuous place in society, but had been ostracised by her own wrong-doing." [14]

In February, Mrs Atherton made headlines yet again. This time the headline was titled "Trouble in a Park Lane Drawing Room", where Mrs Atherton was attacked alone in her parlour by Clara Stirling, pulling her hair and scratching her face.[30][31]

Two months later, Clara Stirling lodged an appeal against Lord Guthrie’s court decision, but was unsuccessful.[32] The Stirling’s divorced and Clara remarried in 1911.[33] Her new husband was George Cholmondeley, 5th Marquess of Cholmondeley and for a short time Clara was Lady Cholmondeley. [5][34][35][36][37][38]

Slander action

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During 1911, the name of Mrs Atherton once again ignited much interest. Allegations from her sister in law, Lady Irene Dean Paul claimed that Mrs Atherton was unceremoniously ejected from the prestigious Savoy Hotel in Cairo, resulting in a raiment of disrepute cast upon her name.[14] Atherton presented herself as a victim of circumstance and social jealousy.[39]

Mrs Atherton, in an attempt to clear her good name, brought a slander action against her sibling, Sir Aubrey Dean Paul and his wife Lady Irene, who was professionally known as the renowned composer, Poldowski.

Poldowski (Régine (née Wieniawski), Lady Dean Paul)

For Mrs Atherton, it was a cautionary example of how quickly reputations can be tarnished when under the spotlight of societal scrutiny. At court, Mrs Atherton alleged that Lady Irene Dean Paul had elated of her that she had been turned out of the Savoy Hotel in Cairo, and that she was a disreputable woman. These remarks were made to Richard Stacpoole, who was married to her sister Edith. Atherton went to the Dean Paul residence and was directly accused by Lady Irene of being a disreputable woman. The jury awarded Mrs Atherton one farthing.[40] Colonel Atherton, by now frustrated with his ex-wife’s profile in the newspapers asked her to remarry him just for the sake of the children, but she refused.

The accident in Regent Street

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During the First World War she managed to lower her public profile, since the press did not covet her as they had done previously for more than a decade.

Regent Street, London. Credit: Peter Elfelt

At the end of 1917, Mrs Atherton was knocked down by a motor car on Regent Street and was subsequently awarded £300 damages for having suffered eye injuries, fractures to her collarbone fracture and her shoulder blade.[12]

The short lived second marriage

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In the last two and a half months of her life, Atherton, a wealthy divorcee, a woman of independent means, and weary of publicity, finally remarried on 26 April 1919.

Her choice of second husband was the Honourable Arthur Ernest Henry Eliot (1874–1936). "Ernie" was a playwright, with a passion for Edwardian musical comedy, and cousin to Ivor Guest, 1st Viscount Wimborne and Edward Ponsonby, 8th Earl of Bessborough. He was educated at Charterhouse School, as her first husband, and had served in the Boer War as a Lieutenant. Eliot lacked financial acumen and was declared bankrupt three times. He had also been married twice before Atherton accepted his hand in marriage.[41]

Their honeymoon took place in the Mediterranean. However, the relationship between the newlyweds was already turning sour. Upon their return to London, Mrs Atherton, as she continued to be known, had encountered Eliot in bed with Miss Nellie Cornell, his 24 year old stepdaughter from his second marriage. Shortly after, she accused him of further infidelity, when she discovered that he was providing long-term economic support to a dancer from The popular Murray's Cabaret Club, on Beak Street in Soho.

Following some mediation with Eliot's brother to repair the damage, Atherton attempted unsuccessfully to persuade her new husband to return to her. Atherton, in despair, chose to end her life. On the night of 9 July 1919, decked in her jewels, she wrote two letters; one to a close friend and one to her husband. Having locked the bedroom door from the inside, she barricaded furniture against the door. She shot herself dead in the head with a sporting gun at her apartment at 47 Curzon Street, Mayfair.[2] She was found by a maid slumped on a chair. The The New York Times reported the event in detail the next day describing it as an “apparent” suicide.[14] One paper claimed she had been found shot dead which inferred the involvement of a third party. However the inquest on the Friday the same week said otherwise.[42]

Mrs Atherton was once again in the public eye, albeit for the wrong reasons. Upon her tragic death, the Daily Herald commented that:

"In her life as well as in its tragic end, Mrs Atherton, as far as one can judge, seems to have been a follower of Nietzsche's famous adage - Live dangerously!"[43]

The subsequent official inquest into her death was reported in the press globally, since it was of significant public interest and sold papers. Eliot’s stepdaughter, Miss Nellie Cornell took to the stand, and denied that there had ever been any impropriety with her stepfather, Eliot.

Eliot's defending position on his good character was that his new wife had been sending him anonymous threatening letters, which had forced him to leave his home. The verdict reached was suicide, while of an unsound mind. Despite this verdict, Bruce Bairnsfather, the prominent British humorist and cartoonist who had been actively collaborating with Eliot at the time, promptly dissociated himself from this scandal in order to prevent it from damaging his reputation.[41]

There was much public speculation as to her reasons to end her life, whether it was Eliot’s lack of commitment to marriage and alleged repeated infidelity, or a decline in her financial standing which she had allegedly maintained hidden from Eliot. A newspaper article highlighted to readers the timing of the tragic event with that of the 2nd Duke of Westminster’s divorce, who by now had found a new duchess. Mrs Atherton was aged 47 at her time of her untimely death, and the Dukes latest interest was Violet Nelson, 19 years her junior.[44][45]

Mrs Atherton was buried at Kensal Green Cemetery as Mabel Eliot. She left no will.[46] Letters of administration were granted to her sister, Edith Stacpoole of 10 West Chapel Street, Mayfair. At the inquest Eliot, stated that Mrs Atherton received £4,000 to £5,000 a year. A few months later the press reported that her estate was only valued at £8,206.[47]

Some papers have incorrectly referred to her as a novelist. This is due to confusion with Gertrude Atherton.[42]

Family

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Mabel Atherton (née Dean Paul) was a descendant of the 1st Duke of Marlborough Her paternal ancestor was Sir John Dean Paul, 1st Baronet (1775–1852).[15]

Her father was Sir Edward John Dean Paul, 4th baronet (1831–1895), an art collector.[15] Her brother was Sir Aubrey Dean Paul, the father of Brenda Dean Paul, the silent film actress, socialite, and "Bright Young Thing" in the 1920s.

Brenda Dean Paul in 1930

At the age of 20, she married Thomas James Atherton, the son of the late Sir William Atherton and Lady Agnes Atherton, on 30 July 1892 at St Paul's Church, Knightsbridge. Her new husband was 16 years her senior.[48][15] From that date, she only titled herself as Mrs Atherton.[49][50]

Her sister Edith married Richard George Stacpoole (1860-1941), grandson to Richard Fitzgeorge de Stacpoole, 1st Duke de Stacpoole.

Her husband, then Captain Thomas J. Atherton had been orphaned as an infant and was educated at Charterhouse School and at Cambridge. He entered the 12th Royal Lancers in 1880 as a serving officer. His brother, Mayor Walter Hyde Atherton, had recently died a hero in the Battle of Abu Klea on 17 January 1885.[51]

They had two sons. The first son, Walter Wentworth Atherton was born on 4 June 1893. This son was killed in a carriage accident when the horse bolted when frightened by a bear in 1898. At the time the Atherton family residence was 82 Sloane Street, Kensington. An inquest into his death was held at Marylebone. Walter, aged 4, had been traveling with his nurse, Kate Thompson in his father’s four-wheeled brougham carriage. A bear was being led along the road at the time. The horse bolted, the brougham collided with a waggon, and the nurse was thrown into the road. Walter suffered a skull fracture and was taken to Middlesex Hospital where he was pronounced dead. After the evidence, an opinion was given that it should not be allowed that bears to be led in public thoroughfares. Walter’s uncle Captain William Cossley Atherton (late Lt RN) of the Fife Artillery stated that he knew of a similar incident. Horses could smell bears, and took fright. The jury returned a verdict of accidental death.[52] A second son, Aubrey James Atherton was born on 5 April 1899.[53]

In 1900, her then husband, succeeded to the command of his regiment in South Africa, during the Boer War, after the death in action of Lieutenant-Colonel David Ogilvy, 11th Earl of Airlie. Prior to this, Major Atherton’s and his regiment had been heavily engaged at the Battle of Magersfontein, the Siege of Kimberley and the Battle of Diamond Hill. After being promoted Lieutenant-Colonel, and taking command of his regiment, he led his troops in the sweeps in the vicinity of Rustenburg, Magaliesberg and the Elands River, followed by Wittebergen. At the end of 1900, he handed over command, and from July to November 1901 he was given command of a cavalry column, consisting of 480 12th Lancers. It was during this commanding role that he filed for divorce and his wife returned to England via Madeira.[1] He was mentioned in Lord Roberts’ despatch of 29 November 1900, and the London Gazette of 10 September 1901.[54][55][1] On 27 September 1901, Thomas Atherton received his Companion of the Bath (CB).[56]

In 1904, whilst staying away from London in the countryside with her 4 year old son, she had the misfortune of being seriously injured in a house fire.[12]

During March 1919 her son, Aubrey, in the footsteps of his father, joined the 12th Lancers as a 2nd Lt.[57] Her son’s father Colonel Atherton would die a year later.

On 26 April 1919, she married Hon. Arthur E. H. Eliot, the son of Colonel Hon. Charles G. Cornwallis Eliot (1839–1901), a courtier and army officer; the son of Edward Eliot, 3rd Earl of St Germans.[2] His mother was Constance Rhiannon Guest (1844 -1916), the daughter of Lady Charlotte Guest. A veteran of the Boer War, he struggled when returning to civilian life, and suffered a series of catastrophic life failures.[41] In the census of 1911 he claimed that he was employed as a journalist by the editor of Vanity Fair. By 1913 he was working as one of Charles B. Cochran managers at the Olympia Circus. With the outbreak of hostilities in France in 1914 he served with the Indian Division. After the war, Eliot achieved some credibility with a handful of successful theatrical projects and was part author of The Better 'Ole. The original London production in 1917 was a hit, running for over 800 performances at Oxford Music Hall.

'Old Bill' and 'Victoire' in The Better 'Ole

By 1918 this co-authored play received acclaim at the Greenwich Village Theatre and destined for the Broadway theatre.[58]

Eliot remarried in 1933, fourteen years after her death. His fourth wife was the Argentine born racecourse owner, Eleanor Whyte Hughes Brownlee (1885-1976). Eliot died in a north London nursing home in 1936.[59][41]

Her son Aubrey, after serving in the Army became a farmer in Kenya. In 1922 he was based in Ruiru in the Kenya’s Central Province. By 1928 he was running the Thego River Estate, near Naro Moru.[60] Aubrey returned to England prior to World War II.[61] He retired to Conwy, Wales where he died on 18 June 1977.

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e "Major Atherton Files Suit for Divorce Against His Wife—Sensational Society Scandal in England". newspapers.com. Brooklyn, New York: Brooklyn Eagle. 21 February 1901. p. 3.
  2. ^ a b c "Famous beauty's odd career ends by rifle shot in her bedroom". Wilmington, Delaware: The Delaware Star. 13 July 1919.
  3. ^ "England & Wales, Birth Registration for Mabel Louisa D Paul". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  4. ^ "Atherton One Name Study entry for Mabel Atherton". Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  5. ^ a b Darby, Nell (2024). "Mrs Stirling (Mrs Clara Taylor Stirling) and the Lord". Retrieved 19 September 2024.[self-published source]
  6. ^ "Prominent English woman a suicide". Lewiston, Pennsylvania: The Lewiston Daily. 8 July 1919. p. 7.
  7. ^ a b "Why England's most fascinating beauty blew her brains out". Richmond, Virginia: Richmond Times-Dispatch. 27 July 1919. p. 40.
  8. ^ a b "Case against the Duke of Westminster: Rumoured money offer". Auckland, New Zealand: New Zealand Herald. 13 April 1901. p. 2.
  9. ^ a b "Duke of Westminster as a Co-Corespondent". Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Philadelphia Inquirer. 22 February 1901. p. 1.
  10. ^ "Duke of Westminster named a week after his marriage". Vol. 87, no. 84. San Francisco, California: San Francisco Call. 22 February 1901.
  11. ^ "Society's beauty's suicide. Story of her career". Warwick, Queensland: Warwick Daily News. 18 September 1919. p. 7.
  12. ^ a b c "A Beauties Suicide: Locked room at midnight". The Journal (Adelaide, South Australia. 27 August 1919. p. 1.
  13. ^ "Mabel Louisa Atherton: Husband's Petition For Divorce. Co-respondent: Hon John Reginald Lopes Yarde- Buller". Ancestry.com. England & Wales, Civil Divorce Records, 1858-1918.
  14. ^ a b c d e "Mrs A. Eliot shot in her London home, once famous beauty took her own life". The New York Times. New York. 10 July 1919. p. 3.
  15. ^ a b c d "Mabel Louisa Eliot Dean Paul". National Portrait Gallery. London. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  16. ^ Dangerfield, Fred (1906). "The Story of the Play". The Play Pictorial. Vol. 8, no. 49. pp. 85–88.
  17. ^ "Yarde-Buller suit comes to an end; Mrs Mabel Atherton Obtains Judgment in Breach of Promise Case. His Letters in Court. The Courtroom Was Crowded with a Fashionable Gathering. Judge Did Not Award Damages". New York Times. New York. 12 December 1907. p. 5. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  18. ^ "Stirling Divorce Case: Mrs Atherton and the Only Man She Ever Loved". Swansea, West Glamorgan: The Cambria Daily Leader. 19 January 1909. p. 6.
  19. ^ "Society Case: Mrs Stirling's Evidence in Divorce Case:Witness in Tears". London: Evening Standard. 19 January 1909. p. 1.
  20. ^ "Society Case (continued from page 1)". London: Evening Standard. 19 January 1909. p. 10.
  21. ^ "Society Divorce Suit: Counter Petitions: Mrs Atherton and Lord Northland Concerned". Birmingham, England: Evening Despatch. 19 January 1909. p. 5.
  22. ^ "Stirling Divorce Case: Servants Give Evidence in Divorce Suit". Swansea, West Glamorgan: The Cambria Daily Leader. 21 January 1909. p. 6.
  23. ^ "Mr Stirling Cross-Examined". London: Daily Mirror. 23 January 1909. p. 3.
  24. ^ "Many dramatic incidents in Stirling Divorce Suit". London: Daily Mirror. 23 January 1909. p. 5.
  25. ^ "Men of Title pose in Divorce Court; Earl De La Warr and Lord Northland Figure in Mrs. Stirling's Action. Mrs Atherton accused Capt. Yarde-Buller, Whom She Once Sued for Breach of Promise, Is Also Dragged In". New York Times. 24 January 1909. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  26. ^ "Beauty sees friend on knee of Lord". Washington Times. Washington-DC. 29 January 1909. p. 1.
  27. ^ "Scottish Society Drama". Glasgow: Daily Record. 29 January 1909. p. 3.
  28. ^ "Society Case". Manchester, England: Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 29 January 1909. p. 17.
  29. ^ "The Kippendavie Case: Lord Gurthie's Decision: Stirling Wins: Severe Strictures: Lord Northland Appeals". Bridge of Allan, Central Region, Scotland: The Bridge of Allan Gazette. 13 March 1909. p. 5.
  30. ^ "Society women in a brawl. Court proceedings". Auckland, New Zealand: New Zealand Herald. 13 February 1909. p. 2.
  31. ^ "Peculiar Society Case:"Trouble in a Park Lane Drawing Room" Article Illustrated with Mrs. Mabel Louise Atherton". Sydney: The World's News. 20 February 1909. p. 12.
  32. ^ "Appeals in the Stirling Divorce Cases". Newcastle upon Tyne: North Mail, Newcastle Daily Chronicle. 2 April 1909. p. 8.
  33. ^ "Lady Cholmondeley (Mrs. Clara Taylor Stirling) print from 1909". loc.gov. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  34. ^ "The Society Divorce Case". Stoke-on-Trent: Evening Sentinel. 23 January 1909. p. 4.
  35. ^ "The Society Divorce Case: Fourth Days Proceedings in the Stirling Suit: Mrs Atherton in the Witness Box: Her Friendship with Mr Stirling: Denial of Allegations". Stoke-on-Trent: Evening Sentinel. 23 January 1909. p. 7.
  36. ^ "The Society Divorce Case: Fifth Days Proceedings in the Stirling Suit: Mrs Atherton in the Witness Box: Her Friendship with Mr Stirling: Denial of Allegations". Stoke-on-Trent: Evening Sentinel. 23 January 1909. p. 8.
  37. ^ "The Society Divorce Case: Ninth Day Proceedings in the Stirling Suit: A porters evidence: Mrs Atherton's visitor at her hotel". Stoke-on-Trent: Evening Sentinel. 28 January 1909. p. 5.
  38. ^ "The Earl and the Girl". Liverpool: Liverpool Echo. 31 December 1925. p. 7.
  39. ^ "Society Slander Action: A Painful Case: Mrs Mabel Atherton as Plaintiff: A Husbands Responsibility". Leicester, England: The Leicester Daily Post. 7 November 1911. p. 2 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  40. ^ "Given a farthing damages". Lemmon, South Dakota: The State Line Herald. 10 November 1911. p. 6.
  41. ^ a b c d Major Holt; Mrs Holt (31 December 1990). The Biography of Captain Bruce Bairnsfather: In Search of the Better Ole. Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-4738-2723-3. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  42. ^ a b "Mrs Atherton shot: Novelists tragic end". Leicester, England: Leicester Evening Mail. 10 July 1919. p. 4 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  43. ^ "Famous beauty's tragic end. "Beautiful Mrs Atherton" found shot dead; Decked in her jewels. Figured in celebrated divorce cases". London, England: Daily Herald. 10 July 1919. p. 1 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  44. ^ "Secret marriage reveals why London beauty shot herself". Boston, Massachusetts: Boston Sunday Post. 20 July 1919. p. 70.
  45. ^ "The Beautiful Mrs Atherton: Shot in her Bedroom". The Cumberland Argus and Fruitgrowers Advocate. Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia. 19 November 1919. p. 4.
  46. ^ "Suicide of Mrs Eliot. Died without a will". Adelaide, South Australia: The Advertiser. 15 July 1919. p. 7.
  47. ^ "Mrs Atherton's Will". Kalgoorlie, Western Australia: Western Argus. 23 December 1919. p. 1.
  48. ^ "Approaching Marriages". Clifton Society. 28 July 1892. p. 11.
  49. ^ "England & Wales, Marriage Registration for Mabel Louisa Dean Paul". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  50. ^ "Mabel Louisa Dean Paul. Spouse's Name: Captain Thomas James Atherton". Ancestry.com. London and Surrey, England, Marriage Bonds and Allegations, 1597-1921. 26 July 1892. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
  51. ^ "Major Walter Hyde Atherton, 5th dragoon guards". British Empire. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  52. ^ "Bear leading in the streets: A Major's baby boy killed". Uttoxeter Advertiser and Ashbourne Times. 1 June 1898. p. 7 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  53. ^ "Military record for T.J. Atherton from 1880 to 1904". nationalarchives.gov.uk.
  54. ^ "Page 2837 | Issue 26403, 16 May 1893 | London Gazette | The Gazette" (PDF). www.thegazette.co.uk. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  55. ^ "Page 5929 | Issue 27353, 10 September 1901 | London Gazette | The Gazette" (PDF). thegazette.co.uk. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  56. ^ "Major T J Atherton". Noonan’s Mayfair. 22 July 2015.
  57. ^ "Page 5007 | Issue 31298, 16 April 1919 | London Gazette | The Gazette" (PDF). www.thegazette.co.uk. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  58. ^ "Bairnsfather and Eliot Play Down in Greenwich" (PDF). The New York Times. 21 October 1918. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  59. ^ "The History of the Eliots of Port Eliot in Cornwall, England; Hon. Arthur Ernest Henry Eliot. Black sheep of the Eliot family". EliotsofPortEliot.com. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  60. ^ "Aubrey James Atherton". Europeans in Africa.
  61. ^ "Page 6174 | Issue 39392, 27 November 1951 | London Gazette | The Gazette" (PDF). www.thegazette.co.uk. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
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