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Ministry of Industry and Information Technology

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Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
中华人民共和国工业和信息化部
Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Gōngyè Hé Xìnxīhuà Bù
Agency overview
FormedMarch 2008; 16 years ago (2008-03)
Superseding agency
  • Ministry of Information Industry
TypeConstituent Department of the State Council (cabinet-level executive department)
JurisdictionGovernment of China
HeadquartersBeijing
Minister responsible
Deputy Ministers responsible
Agency executives
Parent agencyState Council
Child agencies
Websitewww.miit.gov.cn Edit this at Wikidata
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
Simplified Chinese中华人民共和国工业和信息化部
Traditional Chinese中華人民共和國工業和信息化部
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Gōngyè Hé Xìnxīhuà Bù
Abbreviation
Chinese工信部
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinGōngxìn Bù

The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) is the sixth-ranked executive department of the State Council of the People's Republic of China. It is responsible for regulation and development of the postal service, Internet, wireless, broadcasting, communications, production of electronic and information goods, software industry and the promotion of the national knowledge economy.

History

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In 2004, the MIIT began the Connecting Every Village Project to promote universal access to telecommunication and internet services in rural China.[2]: 24–25  The MIIT required that six state-owned companies, including the main telecommunications and internet providers China Mobile, China Unicom, and China Telecom, build the communications infrastructure and assist in financing the project.[2]: 25  Beginning in late 2009, the program began building rural telecenters each of which had at least one telephone, computer, and internet connectivity.[2]: 37–38  Approximately 90,000 rural telecenters were built by 2011.[2]: 38  As of December 2019, 135 million rural households had used broadband internet.[2]: 25  The program successfully extended internet infrastructure throughout rural China and promoted development of the internet.[2]: 25 

The State Council announced during the 1st session of the 11th National People's Congress that the MIIT would supersede the Ministry of Information Industry (MII).[3]

In 2013, the ministry's Made in China 2025 plan was approved by the State Council. It took over two years to draft by a working group of one hundred and fifty people. The plan's aim was to improve production efficiency and quality.[4]

In summer 2021, MIIT began a six-month long regulatory campaign to address a variety of consumer protection and unfair competition issues, including interoperability concerns, in the consumer internet sector.[5]: 114  It held meetings with executives from major Chinese tech companies and instructed them that their companies could no longer block external links to competitors.[5]: 114 

Functions

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The ministry is responsible for industrial development, policy, and standards.[5]: 40  It also oversees industry operations monitoring, innovation, and information technology[6] and approves fixed-asset investment projects in industry, communications, and information technology.[5]: 40  It is the government body primarily responsible for supervising product standards.[7]: 107 

MIIT delegates much of its legislative and standard setting work to the China Academy of Information and Communication Technology.[5]: 143 

In 2006, Human Rights Watch said that the ministry is responsible for overseeing technical implementation of the censorship in China.[8]

The ministry is responsible for the current iteration of the Thousand Talents Plan called Qiming.[9]

MIIT has some regulatory overlap with the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR).[5]: 23  Although MIIT does not have authority to enforce the Anti-Monopoly Law like SAMR does, it uses its departmental guidelines to address unfair competition issues.[5]: 114 

Duties

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According to the Regulations on the Main Responsibilities, Internal Organization and Staffing of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,[10] the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology assumes the following responsibilities:

  1. Propose new industrialization development strategies and policies, coordinate and resolve major issues in the new industrialization process, formulate and organize the implementation of development plans for industry, communications, and informatization, promote strategic adjustment, optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, and promote the integration of informatization and industrialization; promote the construction of a system of scientific research and weapon development and production that integrates military and civilian forces.
  2. Formulate and organize the implementation of industrial policies for industry and communications, propose policy suggestions for optimizing industrial layout and structure, draft relevant law proposals, formulate regulations; formulate industry technical specifications and standards and organize their implementation, and guide industry quality management work.
  3. Monitor and analyze the operating situation of the industry and communications industry, collect statistics and publish relevant information, carry out forecasts, early warnings and information guidance; coordinate and solve relevant problems in the operation and development of the industry and propose policy recommendations, and be responsible for emergency response, industrial security and national defense mobilization of industry and communications.
  4. Be responsible for making proposal on the scale and direction of fixed asset investment in industry, communications and information technology (including the use of foreign capital and overseas investment), and the arrangement of central fiscal construction funds, and approving and approving fixed assets within the national plan in accordance with the authority prescribed by the State Council's asset investment projects.
  5. Formulate and organize the implementation of plans, policies, and standards involving biomedicine, new materials, aerospace, information industry, etc. in high-tech industries, guide technological innovation and technological progress in the industry, transform and upgrade traditional industries with advanced and applicable technologies, and organize the implementation of relevant national major science and technology projects, promote the industrialization of relevant scientific research results, and promote the development of the software industry, information service industry and emerging industries.
  6. Be responsible for organizing and coordinating the revitalization of the equipment manufacturing industry; organize the formulation of major technical equipment development and independent innovation plans and policies; rely on national key projects to coordinate the implementation of relevant major special projects; promote the localization of major technical equipment, and guide the incorporation of imported major technical innovation.
  7. Formulate and organize the implementation of energy conservation, comprehensive utilization of resources, and clean production policies for industry and communication; participate in the formulation of energy conservation, comprehensive utilization of resources, and clean production promotion plans; and organize and coordinate relevant major demonstration projects and new products, new technologies, and new technologies. Promotion and application of equipment and new materials.
  8. Promote institutional reform and management innovation in the industry and communications, improve the overall quality and core competitiveness of industry, and guide relevant industries to strengthen the management of production safety.
  9. Be responsible for the macro guidance of the fostering of small and medium-sized enterprises, working with relevant departments to formulate relevant policies and measures to promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and the development of the non-state-owned economy, and coordinate the resolution of relevant major issues.
  10. Coordinate and promote national informatization, organize the formulation of relevant policies and coordinate major issues in informatization; promote the integration of telecommunications, radio and television and computer networks, guide and coordinate the development of e-government affairs, and promote cross-industry and cross-department interconnection and exchange of important information, and sharing of information resources.
  11. Coordinate the planning of public communication networks, the Internet, and private communication networks; supervise and manage the telecommunications and information service markets in accordance with the law, formulate telecommunications business tariff policies and standards in conjunction with relevant departments and supervise their implementation; be responsible for the allocation and management of communication resources and international coordination, and promote universal telecommunications services.
  12. Unify the allocation and management of radio spectrum resources, supervise and manage wireless broadcasting stations in accordance with the law; be responsible for the coordination and management of satellite orbital positions; coordinate and handle matters related to military-civilian radio management; be responsible for monitoring and detection of radio sources, investigation and handling of signal interference, and coordinate the handling of electromagnetic interference matters; maintain air wave order, and organize and implement radio control in accordance with the law.
  13. Be responsible for communications network security and related information security management, be responsible for coordinating and maintaining national information security and the construction of national information security assurance systems, guiding and supervising the security assurance work of important information systems and the basic information networks of government departments and key industries, and coordinating the processing of major incidents related to information security.
  14. Carry out foreign cooperation and exchanges related to industry, communications and informatization, and represent the country in relevant international organizations.
  15. Undertake any other matters assigned to it by the State Council.

Structure

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According to the "Regulations on the Main Responsibilities of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, its Internal Organization and Staffing" and to the "Reply of the Office of the Central Institutional Establishment Committee on Matters Related to Further Clarifying the Main Responsibilities of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in Local Communications Administration Bureaus" (reply of the Central Organization Office [2012] No. 17), the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has the following internal organization.[11][12] Names in parentheses are alternative nameplates or subunits[13]

Internal Functional Offices

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  • General Office (办公厅)
  • Industrial Policy and Legislation Department (产业政策与法规司)
  • Planning Department (规划司)
  • Financial Department (财务司)
  • Science and Technology Department (科技司)
  • New Technologies Department (高新技术司)
  • Operational Monitoring and Coordination Bureau (运行监测协调局)
  • Medium and Small Enterprises Bureau (中小企业局)
  • Energy Saving and Comprehensive Utilization Department (节能与综合利用 )
  • Production Safety Department (安全生产司)（National Office of Implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention — 国家履行《禁止化学武器公约》工作办公室）
  • Raw Materials Industry Department (原材料工业司)（Rare Earths Office — 稀土办公室）
  • Equipment Production First Department (装备工业一司)
  • Equipment Production Second Department 装备工业二司（National Heavy Machinery Office — 国家重大技术装备办公室）
  • Consumer Goods Industry Department (消费品工业司)
  • Civil-Military Fusion Promotion Department (结合推进司)
  • Electronic Communications Department (电子信息司)
  • Communications Engineering Development Department (信息技术发展司)
  • Information and Communication Development Bureau (信息通信发展司)
  • Information and Communication Management Bureau (信息通信管理局)
  • Internet Safety Management Bureau (网络安全管理局)
  • Radio and EMS Management Bureau (无线电管理局)（National Radio Office — 国家无线电办公室）
  • International Cooperation Department (国际合作司)（Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Office — 港澳台办公室）
  • Personnel and Training Department (人事教育司)
  • Party Committees (机关党委)（巡视工作办公室）
  • Retired Cadres Bureau (离退休干部局)
  • Internal Service Center (机关服务局)

National Bureaus managed by MIIT

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Retained external nameplates (use of the names reserved by MIIT)

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Regional Units

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Directly Subordinate Units

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Directly Subordinate High-level Academic Institutions

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Directly subordinate SOEs

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Attached Civil Society Associations

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Subordinate Units

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The ministry administers the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, and the State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau.[21] The MIIT was historically responsible for the regulation and control of tobacco consumption, including the implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, a rather obvious case of conflict of interest. This task has since been reassigned to the National Health Commission as part of a large-scale government reform in 2018.[22]

Under the arrangement one institution with two names, the MIIT reserves the external brands of the China National Space Administration and the China Atomic Energy Authority, although the level of control the ministry have over these two organizations is unclear.[6] The MIIT oversees the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, a government think tank that focuses on telecommunications and the digital economy. It also oversees seven universities, including top universities such as the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the Beijing Institute of Technology, the Harbin Institute of Technology, and the Northwestern Polytechnical University. The MIIT also co-manages the China Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund, used by the government to invest in semiconductor companies, together with the Ministry of Finance.[6]

List of ministers

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No. Name Took office Left office
Minister of Information Industry
1 Wu Jichuan March 1998 March 2003
2 Wang Xudong March 2003 March 2008
Minister of Industry and Information Technology
3 Li Yizhong March 2008 December 2010
4 Miao Wei December 2010 August 2020
5 Xiao Yaqing August 2020 July 2022
6 Jin Zhuanglong July 2022 Incumbent

List of party secretaries

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No. Name Took office Left office
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
1 Li Yizhong March 2008 December 2010
2 Miao Wei December 2010 July 2020
3 Xiao Yaqing July 2020 July 2022
4 Jin Zhuanglong July 2022 Incumbent

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-12-04. Retrieved 2023-10-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. ^ a b c d e f Shi, Song (2023). China and the Internet: Using New Media for Development and Social Change. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 9781978834736.
  3. ^ "工业和信息化部英文译名确定 新网站将上线_科技频道_新华网". news.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 2008-07-05.
  4. ^ Kennedy, Scott (June 2015). "Made in China 2025". Center for Strategic and International Studies. Archived from the original on 2015-07-16. Retrieved 2015-07-14.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Zhang, Angela Huyue (2024). High Wire: How China Regulates Big Tech and Governs Its Economy. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780197682258.
  6. ^ a b c "Decoding Chinese Politics". Asia Society. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  7. ^ Li, David Daokui (2024). China's World View: Demystifying China to Prevent Global Conflict. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0393292398.
  8. ^ ""Race to the Bottom": Corporate Complicity in Chinese Internet Censorship: II. How Censorship Works in China: A Brief Overview". www.hrw.org. Archived from the original on 2015-04-22. Retrieved 2023-02-11.
  9. ^ Zhu, Julie; Potkin, Fanny; Baptista, Eduardo; Martina, Michael (2023-08-24). "China quietly recruits overseas chip talent as US tightens curbs". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2023-08-26. Retrieved 2023-08-26. The primary replacement for TTP is a program called Qiming overseen by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
  10. ^ "工业和信息化部职责、内设机构和编制规定(全文)". www.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2010-08-19. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
  11. ^ "工业和信息化部机构职责". www.miit.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2016-07-30. Retrieved 2016-06-28.
  12. ^ 财政部办公厅、中宣部文改办. "财政部办公厅、中宣部文改办关于报送2018年中央文化企业改革发展情况报告的通知（财办文〔2019〕26号）附件2：文化企业名单". 中华人民共和国财政部 (in Simplified Chinese). 北京. Archived from the original on 2020-09-10. Retrieved 2020-08-26.
  13. ^ "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology 2022 Annual Budget" (PDF). Georgetown University - Center for Security and Emerging Technology. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-06-10. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
  14. ^ "中国工业互联网研究院". www.china-aii.com. Archived from the original on 2024-06-10. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
  15. ^ "中国机电设备招标中心". www.miitcntc.org.cn. Archived from the original on 2024-06-10. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
  16. ^ "首页----中国互联网络信息中心". www.cnnic.net.cn. Archived from the original on 2012-06-30. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
  17. ^ "工业和信息化部新闻宣传中心（人民邮电报社）总编辑王保平：发挥新闻舆论正能量作用，讲好新时代工信故事 - 中国记协网". www.zgjx.cn. Archived from the original on 2024-06-10. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
  18. ^ "工业和信息化部产业发展促进中心". www.idpc.org.cn. Archived from the original on 2024-06-10. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
  19. ^ "工业和信息化部装备工业发展中心". www.miit-eidc.org.cn. Archived from the original on 2024-06-10. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
  20. ^ "威海市产业技术研究院 工作动态 平台动态 | 工信部威海电子信息技术综合研究中心下属平台公司威海神舟荣获"山东省创新型中小企业"称号". cyy.weihai.cn. Archived from the original on 2024-06-10. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
  21. ^ "Beijing opens green super-ministry". Archived from the original on 2009-08-27. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
  22. ^ Leng, Sidney (15 March 2018). "China's ministry in charge of tobacco control had ties to the industry. Not anymore". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 2023-09-21. Retrieved 2018-03-16.

Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d These are "Vice-ministerial universities", in which the Principal and the Party Secretary have vice-ministerial rank and they are directly appointed or removed by the Central Committee of the CCP.
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