Timeline of Muscat

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Muscat, Oman.

Prior to 20th century

550 BCE - Achaemenids in power (approximate date).^[1]
100s CE - Migration of Arab tribes from Yemen.^[1]
633 CE - Regional Islamization.^[1]
696 CE - Umayyad army attempting to seize Muscat was defeated.^[2]
865 CE - Flood destroy a portion of the city.^[2]
1507 - City taken by Portuguese forces under command of Afonso de Albuquerque.^[1]
1522 - Uprising against Portuguese rule.^[1]
1546 - City bombarded by Ottoman ships without landing.^[1]
1552 - Capture of Muscat (1552) by Ottoman forces under Piri Reis for a brief period.^[2]
1581 - City pillaged by Ottomans under command of Piri Reis before withdrawing.^[2]
1586-1588 - Fort al-Jalali and Fort al-Mirani completed.^[2]^[3]
1624 - Construction begins of "earthen land wall" around city.^[2]
1640 - City attacked by forces of Nasir bin Murshid.^[2]
1648 - City besieged by Nasir ibn Murshid but Portuguese sued for peace.^[2]
1650 - City taken by forces of Sultan bin Saif; Portuguese ousted.^[2]^[4]
1670 - Dutch East India Company factory established.^[1]
1738 - Muscat occupied by forces of Muhammad Taqi Khan of Fars.^[5]
1740s - Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi in power.^[6]^[7]
1792 - Albusaidi monarch Hamad ibn Said relocates the capital of Oman from Rustaq to Muscat.^[1]
1800 - British representative of the British East India Company takes residence in Muscat.^[2]
1806 - Said bin Sultan in power.^[8]
1832 - Capital of the Omani empire relocated from Muscat to colonial Zanzibar by Said bin Sultan.^[9]
1845 - Bait al-Falaj Fort built.^[10]
1856 - Thuwaini bin Said becomes sultan of the newly formed Sultanate of Muscat and Oman and his capital is Muscat.
1879 - The United States consulate is established in Muscat.^[2]
1890 - Cyclonic storm flooding kills 700 people.^[2]
1893 - Hospital established.^[1]
1894 - French consulate established.^[2]
1899 - Bubonic plague strikes at Muscat.^[2]

20th century

1928 - Al-Sa'idiyah School established.^[2]
1929 - Vehicular road into city built "by the hacking out of a one-lane track through the mountains."^[3]
1932 - Said bin Taimur becomes sultan.^[1]
1939 - Municipal council established.^[11]
1943 - Bombing of ship in harbor by Japanese forces.^[1]
1948 - British Bank of the Middle East branch in business.^[2]
1949 - Municipal Law for the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman issued.^[11]
1951 - Indian consulate established.^[2]
1952 - Population: 4,200 in town (approximate estimate).^[12]
1960 - Population: 5,080 in town; 6,208 urban agglomeration (approximate estimate).^[13]
1962 - Muttrah-Muscat road paved.^[2]
1963 - Slavery abolished.^[1]
1967 - Petroleum Development Oman headquartered in Muscat.
1968 - Electric power plant commissioned in Riyam.^[2]
1970 - Qaboos bin Said al Said in power.^[1]
1972
- June: Muttrah and Muscat merge to form the Muscat Municipality.^[11]
- Al Alam Palace built.
1973
- Seeb Airport opens.
- British School – Muscat established.
1974
- Port Sultan Qaboos built in Muttrah.^[3]
- Museum of Omani Heritage opens.
1975
- Office of municipality president established.^[11]
- Times of Oman newspaper begins publication.^[14]
1981
- Oman Daily Observer newspaper begins publication.^[14]
- Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor^[15] and Ministry of Petroleum^[15] built.
1984 - Muscat Governorate established.^[11]
1985
- Gulf Cooperation Council meets in Muscat.^[2]^[16]
- Al-Bustan Palace Hotel in business.^[2]
- Oman Natural History Museum opens.^[10]
1986 - Sultan Qaboos University opens.^[14]
1987 - Royal Hospital built.^[15]
1988
- Muscat Securities Market established.
- Alwatan newspaper in publication.^[17]
- French embassy built.^[15]
1990 - Oman Children's Museum established.
1992 - Omani French Museum established.
1993
- 40,856 in city.^[14]
- Dam^[2] and Oman International Bank^[15] built.
- Oman Society for Fine Arts established.^[10]
1995 - Oman Oil and Gas Exhibition Centre established.
1996 - National Hospitality Institute headquartered in city.^{[citation needed]}
1998 - Bait al Zubair museum opens.

21st century

2001
- Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque built.
- Muscat Gate Museum opens.
- Population: 685,676 in governorate.^[14]
2006 - Bait Al Baranda (house museum) opened.[1][2]
2010 - Al-Musannah Sports City opened.^[18]
2011
- Royal Opera House Muscat opened in Shati Al-Qurm.
2012 - Muscat Expressway built.^[3]
2013 - Fish souk rebuilt.^[3]
2018
- Swedish EDM producer Avicii died by suicide in Muscat.^[19]
- Population: 315,443 (estimate).^[20]
2020
- in January 2020, Haitham bin Tariq Al Said became the new successor of Oman after the sad demise of the then His Majesty Sultan Qaboos.
- NOC (No Objection Certificate) abolished amidst COVID-19.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Turner 2008.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v Peterson 2007.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Muscat". Oman (3rd ed.). Bradt Travel Guides. 2013. p. 71+. ISBN 978-1-84162-471-6.
^ BBC News (24 August 2011). "Oman Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
^ Bosworth 2007.
^ "Oman". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
^ Willem Floor. "Sea of Oman". Encyclopædia Iranica. New York: Columbia University, Center for Iranian Studies. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
^ Malcolm C. Peck (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Gulf Arab States. USA: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6416-0.
^ Watson 1996.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Mascate". Oman (in French). Petit Futé. 2007. p. 81+. ISBN 978-2-7469-1641-8.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "About the Municipality: Brief History". Muscat Municipality. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
^ Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 1268, OL 6112221M
^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Oman". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e (Muscat, Oman), ArchNet, retrieved 30 April 2015
^ "GCC Most Prominent Decisions (timeline)" (PDF). Qatar News Agency. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
^ "About Us". Alwatan.com. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
^ Oman 2010. The Report. London: Oxford Business Group. 2010. ISBN 978-1-907065-13-2.
^ Agerholm, Harriet (26 April 2018). "Avicii death: Family reveals he 'could not go on any longer' and 'wanted to find peace'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
^ "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations

Bibliography

Published in 18th-19th centuries

Carsten Niebuhr (1792). "Of the Province of Oman". Travels through Arabia. Translated by Robert Heron. Edinburgh: R. Morison and Son. hdl:2027/mdp.39015004297621. Maskat
William Milburn (1813), "Muscat", Oriental Commerce: containing a geographical description of the principal places in the East Indies, China, and Japan, London: Black, Parry & Co., hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t1hh6sn82, OCLC 6856418
Abraham Rees (1819), "Mascat", The Cyclopædia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, hdl:2027/mdp.39015057241120
James Horsburgh (1852). "Arabia, N.E. Coast: Muscat". India Directory: Or, Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, Australia, and the Interjacent Ports of Africa and South America (6th ed.). London: William H. Allen & Co. – via Google Books.
Grattan Geary (1878), "Muscat", Through Asiatic Turkey, London: S. Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, OCLC 4918876
Edward Balfour (1885), "Muscat", Cyclopaedia of India (3rd ed.), London: B. Quaritch, hdl:2027/mdp.39015068611014

Published in 20th century

"Muscat", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901, hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t3bz6g65j
John Gordon Lorimer (1908). Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. Calcutta. pp. 1364–1425. hdl:2027/uc1.l0061307658.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Muscat", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776
Fred Scholz [in German] (1990). Muscat, Sultanat Oman: geographische Skizze einer einmaligen arabischen Stadt [Muscat, Sultanate of Oman: geographical sketch of a unique Arabian city] (in German). Berlin: Das arabische Buch. ISBN 978-3-923446-58-2.
Noelle Watson, ed. (1996). "Muscat". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. p. 529. ISBN 1884964036.
Abdelhamid Mahmoud Hussein Nasr (1997). Musqat asimat Oman (in Arabic). Irbid.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Published in 21st century

Clifford Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Muscat". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. pp. 417–419. ISBN 978-9004153882.
J.E. Peterson (2007). "Chronology". Historical Muscat. Brill. p. 117+. ISBN 978-90-04-15266-3.
Angie Turner (2008), "Muscat", in Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley (eds.), Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, USA: ABC-CLIO, pp. 262–264, ISBN 9781576079195
J.E. Peterson (2014). "Muscat as a Port City". In Lawrence G. Potter (ed.). The Persian Gulf in Modern Times: People, Ports, and History. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 153+. ISBN 978-1-137-48577-9.

External links

Map of Muscat, 1985
"(Muscat)". Qatar Digital Library. Qatar National Library.
Europeana. Items related to Muscat, various dates.

[FOOTNOTETurner2008-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Turner 2008.

[FOOTNOTEPeterson2007-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v Peterson 2007.

[bradt2013-3] "Muscat". Oman (3rd ed.). Bradt Travel Guides. 2013. p. 71+. ISBN 978-1-84162-471-6.

[bbc-chron-4] BBC News (24 August 2011). "Oman Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 30 April 2015.

[FOOTNOTEBosworth2007-5] Bosworth 2007.

[statesman1921-6] "Oman". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.

[iranica-7] Willem Floor. "Sea of Oman". Encyclopædia Iranica. New York: Columbia University, Center for Iranian Studies. Retrieved 30 April 2015.

[Peck2007-8] Malcolm C. Peck (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Gulf Arab States. USA: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6416-0.

[FOOTNOTEWatson1996-9] Watson 1996.

[fute2007-10] "Mascate". Oman (in French). Petit Futé. 2007. p. 81+. ISBN 978-2-7469-1641-8.

[municipality-11] "About the Municipality: Brief History". Muscat Municipality. Retrieved 30 April 2015.

[seltzer1952-12] Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 1268, OL 6112221M

[13] United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[europa2004-14] "Oman". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.

[archnet-15] (Muscat, Oman), ArchNet, retrieved 30 April 2015

[16] "GCC Most Prominent Decisions (timeline)" (PDF). Qatar News Agency. Retrieved 30 April 2015.

[17] "About Us". Alwatan.com. Retrieved 30 April 2015.

[Group2010-18] Oman 2010. The Report. London: Oxford Business Group. 2010. ISBN 978-1-907065-13-2.

[:4-19] Agerholm, Harriet (26 April 2018). "Avicii death: Family reveals he 'could not go on any longer' and 'wanted to find peace'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 2 February 2021.

[20] "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations

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Prior to 20th century

20th century

21st century

See also

References

Bibliography

External links