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Ntcham language

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Ntcham
Basari
Native toTogo, Ghana
EthnicityGurma
Native speakers
390,000 (2004–2013)[1]
Latin (Basari alphabet)
Basari Braille
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
bud – Ntcham
aks – Akaselem
Glottologntch1241

Ntcham, or Basari, is a language of the Gurma people in Togo and Ghana. Akaselem (Tchamba) is frequently listed as a separate language.

Phonology

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The phonology used by Chanard and Hartell is given below. Abbott and Cox (1966) had a similar phonology, though the non labial-velar voiceless plosives were analyzed as aspirated, and vowel length was not distinguished.[2] Badie (1995) analyzes /t͡ʃ/ and /d͡ʒ/ as /c/ and /ɟ/ and also includes phonemic /ɱ/, vowel lengths, and nasalized vowels.[3]

Consonants

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Consonants[4]
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Labial-
velar
Plosive/Affricate voiceless p t k kp
voiced b d d͡ʒ g gb
Fricative f s
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ ŋm
Trill r
Approximant l j w

Vowels

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Vowels[4]
Front Back
Close i u
Close-mid
Open-mid ɔ
Open a

Tones

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Ntcham also has high, low, and mid tones.[4]

Writing System

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Ntcham Alphabet
Majuscules A B C D EE F G GB I J K KP L
Minuscules a b c d ee f g gb i j k kp l
Majuscules M N NY Ŋ ŊM OO Ɔ P S T U W Y
Minuscules m n ny ŋ ŋm oo ɔ p s t u w y

Long vowels are indicated by doubling the letter ‹aa, ii, ɔɔ, uu› and two vowels are always long ‹ee, oo›. The tones are represented by acute accents for high tone and grave accents for low tone, on the vowels and the consonants m, n, b, l : ‹ḿ, ń, b́, ĺ›, ‹m̀, ǹ, b̀, l̀›.

References

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  1. ^ Ntcham at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023) Closed access icon
    Akaselem at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023) Closed access icon
  2. ^ Green, Christopher; Moran, Steven (2019). Moran, Steven; McCloy, Daniel (eds.). "Ntcham sound inventory (GM)". PHOIBLE. 2.0. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. Retrieved 2024-09-24., citing Abbott, Mary; Cox, Monica (1966). Collected field reports on the phonology of Basari. Univeristy of Ghana.
  3. ^ Green, Christopher; Moran, Steven (2019). Moran, Steven; McCloy, Daniel (eds.). "Ntcham sound inventory (GM)". PHOIBLE. 2.0. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. Retrieved 2024-09-24., citing Badie, Manglibè Joseph (1995). Contribution a une etude morphosyntaxique du N'cam (PhD thesis). University of Paris VII.
  4. ^ a b c Chanard, Christian; Hartell, Rhonda L. (2019). Moran, Steven; McCloy, Daniel (eds.). "Ntcham sound inventory (AA)". PHOIBLE. 2.0. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. Retrieved 2024-09-24.