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Braille charts

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Onsets

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The first cell indicates the initial, generally in dots 1 to 4, and the medial in dots 5 and 6. This design exploits restrictions on co-occurrence of initials and medials to fit all the allowable combinations in a single cell.

The medial -i- is represented by dot 5 (), the medial -u- by dot 6 (), and the medial -ü- by both dots 5 and 6 (). The z c s series is derived from zh ch sh as if they contained a -i- medial; these two series are not distinguished in many Mandarin dialects.

A null/zero initial (a vowel-initial syllable) is indicated with the null consonant .

⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456)
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
b-
⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)
p-
⠪ (braille pattern dots-246)
m-
⠖ (braille pattern dots-235)
f-
⠌ (braille pattern dots-34)
d-
⠎ (braille pattern dots-234)
t-
⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234)
n-
⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)
l-
⠁ (braille pattern dots-1)
g-
⠅ (braille pattern dots-13)
k-
⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)
h-
⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)
zh-
⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)
ch-
⠋ (braille pattern dots-124)
sh-
⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)
r-
⠒ (braille pattern dots-25)
y-
⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)
bi-
⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)
pi-
⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456)
mi-
⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)
di-
⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)
ti-
⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345)
ni-
⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235)
li-
⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)
ji-
⠕ (braille pattern dots-135)
qi-
⠓ (braille pattern dots-125)
xi-
⠙ (braille pattern dots-145)
z-
⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)
c-
⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245)
s-
⠢ (braille pattern dots-26)
w-
⠬ (braille pattern dots-346)
du-
⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346)
tu-
⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346)
nu-
⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)
lu-
⠡ (braille pattern dots-16)
gu-
⠥ (braille pattern dots-136)
ku-
⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)
hu-
⠩ (braille pattern dots-146)
zhu-
⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
chu-
⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246)
shu-
⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)
ru-
⠲ (braille pattern dots-256)
yu-
⠿ (braille pattern dots-123456)
nü-
⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356)
lü-
⠱ (braille pattern dots-156)
ju-
⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356)
qu-
⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256)
xu-
⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)
zu-
⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)
cu-
⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456)
su-

At least one letter in each place of articulation comes from international use ( f, ti, l, k, xi, zh), with at least some of the others derived from these (cf. k h g and ch sh zh).

Rimes

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The second cell represents the rime, generally in the top half of the cell, and the tone, generally in dots 3 and 6.

Tone 1 (mā) is indicated by dot 3 (), tone 2 (má) by dot 6 (), and tone 3 (mǎ) by dots 3 and 6 (). (In rime -ei, which already contains a dot 3, the dot 3 for tones 1 and 3 is replaced by dot 5 ( or ).) Tone 4 (mà) and neutral/toneless syllables use the basic rime.

A null/zero rime (a syllable ending with medial i u ü) is written with .

⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)
-ì, -ù, -ǜ
⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
-è, -ò
⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245)
-ài
⠌ (braille pattern dots-34)
-èi
⠓ (braille pattern dots-125)
-ào
⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)
-òu
⠋ (braille pattern dots-124)
-àn
⠁ (braille pattern dots-1)
-èn
⠙ (braille pattern dots-145)
-àng
⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)
-èng
⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)
èr
⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)
-ī, -ū, -ǖ
⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)
⠎ (braille pattern dots-234)
-ē, -ō
⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345)
-āi
⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)
-ēi
⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235)
-āo
⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)
-ōu
⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234)
-ān
⠅ (braille pattern dots-13)
-ēn
⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)
-āng
⠕ (braille pattern dots-135)
-ēng
⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)
-í, -ú, -ǘ
⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456)
⠪ (braille pattern dots-246)
-é, -ó
⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456)
-ái
⠬ (braille pattern dots-346)
-éi
⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256)
-áo
⠩ (braille pattern dots-146)
-óu
⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246)
-án
⠡ (braille pattern dots-16)
-én
⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)
-áng
⠱ (braille pattern dots-156)
-éng
⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456)
ér
⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)
-ǐ, -ǔ, -ǚ
⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456)
⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346)
-ě, -ǒ
⠿ (braille pattern dots-123456)
-ǎi
⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456)
-ěi
⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356)
-ǎo
⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
-ǒu
⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346)
-ǎn
⠥ (braille pattern dots-136)
-ěn
⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)
-ǎng
⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356)
-ěng
⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456)
ěr
  • is the 'zero' rime transcribed as -i after z c s zh ch sh r in pinyin; here it's also used to carry the tone for syllables where the medial is the rime, such as gu or mi. After b p m f, it is equivalent to pinyin -u.
  • is transcribed in pinyin as o after b p m f w and the medial u; otherwise it's e.

The rime er is written as if it were *ra; this is possible because *ra is not a possible syllable in Mandarin. At the end of a word, -r is erhua, as in huār (花儿). Within a word, hyphenate erhua () to avoid confusion with an initial r- in the following syllable.

The exclamation ê is ,[dubiousdiscuss] yo is , and o is , with appropriate modification for tone.