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Animal painter

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Wildlife art)
"Animal art" redirects here. For the decoration of objects with animal motifs, see Animal style. For artwork created by non-humans, see Animal-made art.
George Stubbs (1724–1806): Whistlejacket (c. 1762), National Gallery[1]

An animal painter is an artist who specialises in (or is known for their skill in) the portrayal of animals.

The OED dates the first express use of the term "animal painter" to the mid-18th century: by English physician, naturalist and writer John Berkenhout (1726–1791).[2] From the early 20th century, wildlife artist became a more usual term for contemporary animal painters.[3]

History

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Frans Snyders and workshop, The boar hunt, c. 1650.

Especially in the 17th century, animal painters would often collaborate with other artists, who would either paint the main subject in a historical or mythological piece, or the landscape background in a decorative one. Frans Snyders, a founder of the Baroque animal painting tradition, often provided the animals, and also still lifes of food, for Peter Paul Rubens; a different landscape specialist might provide the background.[4] The paintings by Snyders and his workshop alone typically lack humans, except in kitchen scenes, and usually show a number of animals of different species (or breeds of dog). There are about equal numbers of paintings of dead animals, usually in a kitchen setting or as hunting trophies in a landscape, and of live ones, often in ferocious combat.

In the Dutch Golden Age such specialists tended to produce smaller genre paintings concentrating on their specialism.[5] Animal painters came lower down in the hierarchy of genres, but the best painters could make a very good living; many royal and aristocratic patrons were more interested in their subject matter than that of the more prestigious genres. Mainly in England, there were still more specialised painters from the 18th century who produced portraits of racehorses and prize specimens of livestock,[6] whereas in France animal subjects continued to be decorative capriccios often set around garden statuary.

In 2014 Jonathan Jones of The Guardian proposed The Goldfinch (1654) by Carel Fabritius (1622–1654) as the finest animal portrait;[7] this was not the artist's normal subject matter at all.

Animalier

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Antoine-Louis Barye, Jaguar Devouring a Hare, 1850

Animalier, as a collective plural noun, is a term used in antiques for small-scale sculptures of animals in particular (animalier bronzes), but also paintings of animals. Large numbers of these were produced - often mass-produced - in the 19th century in France and elsewhere. Many earlier examples can be found, but animalier sculpture became more popular, and reputable, in early 19th century Paris, with the works of Antoine-Louis Barye (1795–1875) - for whom the term was coined, decisively, by critics in 1831[8] - and Christopher Fratin (1801-1864).[9] By the mid 19th-century, a taste for animal subjects was widespread among the middle-classes.[10]

Wildlife conservation

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Many modern wildlife artists or art groups hold benefits to support wildlife conservation, or participate in contests held by wildlife conservation organisations.[11]

Notable animal painters

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See also: Category:Animal artists

Before 1800

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After 1800

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Modern

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Modern wildlife art painters include:

Forerunners of modern wildlife art sculpture include:

Modern wildlife art sculptors include:

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Paintings of animals.

References

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  1. ^ "Whistlejacket: about 1762, George Stubbs". National Gallery. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  2. ^ "Animal painting". Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  3. ^ "Wildlife Art of the 20th Century". Woodland Trust. Archived from the original on 30 September 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  4. ^ "Frans Snyders". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
  5. ^ "Frans Snyders". Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
  6. ^ "Why the George Stubbs paintings were worth saving". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
  7. ^ "The top 10 animal portraits in art". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  8. ^ "Walking lion". Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
  9. ^ "Rise of the animal sculptures". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 14 April 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
  10. ^ "An Indian panther lying down". Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
  11. ^ "About the AFC". Artists for Conservation. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
  12. ^ Plain, Nancy This Strange Wilderness: The Life and Art of John James Audubon. University of Nebraska Press, 2015.
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