Juan Correa

This article is about the Mexican painter. For the Spanish painter, see Juan Correa de Vivar.

La Pascua de Maria, 1698.

Juan Correa (1646–1716) was a distinguished Mexican painter of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. His years of greatest activity were from 1671 to 1716.

Biography

Correa was the Afro-Mexican son of a mulatto (or dark-skinned) physician from Cádiz, Spain, and a freed black woman, Pascuala de Santoyo. Correa "became one of the most prominent artists in New Spain during his lifetime, along with Cristóbal de Villalpando."

Correa was a highly productive religious painter, with two major paintings in the sacristy of the Cathedral of Mexico City, one on the subject of the Assumption and Coronation of the Virgin (each from 1689), and the Entry into Jerusalem (1691). Elsewhere in the cathedral he created the Vision of the Apocalypse, and other versions of the Assumption and Coronation of the Virgin. He also painted major works for the Jesuit church in Tepozotlan, Mexico (now the Museum of the Viceroyalty), the Chapel of the Rosary in the convent of Azcapotzalco (in Mexico City) and—based on models by ——for the cathedral of Durango. His last known work from the early 18th century was documented at Antigua, Guatemala, in 1739.

Correa was the teacher of José de Ibarra and Juan Rodríguez Juarez. His brother, José Correa, his nephews Miguel Correa and Diego Correa, and his grandsons (also named Miguel and Diego) worked as painters.

Style

It is estimated that Correa produced around 500 paintings for churches and private patrons during the course of his life. His themes are mainly catholic. His early style was described by Ilona Katzew (LACMA curator) as having a "vibrant palette, elegant composition, and overall emphasis on decorative details [, and] subtle color gradations that provide a sense of iridescence and contribute to the overall mystical effect." It is often unclear if a painting should be attributed to Juan Correa alone, or to his family atelier. According to Kathryn Santner (Denver Art Museum curator), "the immense success of the Correa family demonstrates that (contrary to previously held assumptions) Afrodescendant artists were indeed able to function in colonial Mexico as prominent artists within the guild system.

Manuel Toussaint considers Correa and Villalpando the main exponents of the Baroque style of painting in Mexico. According to Toussaint, Correa was "important in achieving a new quality, in the creative impulse he expresses, and which one cannot doubt embodies the eagerness of New Spain for an art of its own, breaking away from its Spanish lineage. Here New Spain attains its own personality, unique and unmistakable." James Oles writes that "Correa and Villalpando created a distinctive—if at times formulaic—style that hearkened back to the strong Mannerist traditions of the mid-sixteenth century."

Collections

Allegory of the Holy Sacrament and The Guardian Angel are on exhibit at the Denver Art Museum. In 2013, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) acquired its first Correa, Angel Carrying a Cypress ('Ángel portando un ciprés') painted circa 1670–90. The painting is on exhibit in the Latin American gallery of the Americas Building.

Gallery

• 
  Woman of the Apocalypse
• 
  The Four Parts of the World (Las Cuatro Partes del Mundo); Late 17th century; Medium: Oil painting on panel.
• 
  The Liberal Arts (Las Artes Liberales). 6 sheets Byōbu, oil on canvas, 242 x 324, Franz Mayer Museum.
• 
  The Four Elements (Los Cuatro Elementos). 6 sheets Byōbu, oil on canvas, 242 x 324, Franz Mayer Museum.

See also

• Afro-Mexicans
• Castas
• Mexican art

Further reading

• Bailey, Gauvin Alexander. Art of Colonial Latin America. London: Phaidon Press 2005.
• Brown, Jonathan. "From Spanish to New Spanish Painting, 1550-1700." In Painting in Latin America, 1550-1820: From Conquest to Independence. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014.
• Donahue Wallace, Kelly. "A Virgin of Sorrows Attributed to Juan Correa." Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas vol. 23, no. 79. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas, 2001.
• Hyman, Aaron M. "Inventing Painting: Cristóbal de Villalpando, Juan Correa, and New Spain's Transatlantic Canon." The Art Bulletin 99 no. 2 (June 2017): 102–135.
• Toussaint, Manuel. Colonial Art in Mexico. Translated and edited by Elizabeth Wilder Weisman. Austin: University of Texas Press 1967.
• Vargas Lugo, Elisa/Guadalupe Victoria, José. Juan Correa: su vida y su obra, Mexico, DP: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 1985–1994.
• Burke, Juan Luis (2021). From Courtesan to Saint: Embodied Female Space in Juan Correa's The Conversion of St. Mary Magdalene. Vol. 3. Latin American and Latinx Visual Culture. pp. 29–45.