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Amarygmini

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Amarygmini
Amarygmus watti, New Zealand
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Family: Tenebrionidae
Subfamily: Tenebrioninae
Tribe: Amarygmini
Gistel, 1848

Amarygmini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are more than 80 genera in Amarygmini.[1][2][3][4]

Description

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Adult Amarygmini are active long-legged beetles that fly readily.[5] They have an unhidden membrane between the front margin of the clypeus and the labrum. In males, the base of the aedeagus is asymmetric, more or less acutely drawn out, directed towards the right and fused with the parameres. The dorsal side of the aedeagus is directed towards the dorsum of the body.[6]

Most larvae of Amarygmini have a regular, oval excavation on the ninth abdominal tergite. The Australian Chalcopteroides is an exception, instead having short urogomphi borne on an oblique projection.[5]

Life cycle

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Like other beetles, Amarygmini go through complete metamorphosis with the life stages of egg, larva, pupa and adult. Amarygmini are one of several tenebrionid groups to have long-lived larvae and comparatively short-lived adults.[5]

Ecology

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Most Amarygmini adults are associated with tree bark or dead wood, especially that which is covered/mixed with fungi or lichen. They occur in both natural (e.g. primary and secondary forests) and artificial (e.g. street trees, parks, gardens) habitats. They are nocturnal. A few species are attracted to artificial light. Larvae are believed to feed on wood (xylophagous) or fungi (mycophagous).[6]

At least some larvae of Chalcopteroides live in soil. Some species of this genus are believed to be scavengers or predators, based on the presence of arthropod fragments in their guts.[7][8]

Genera

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These genera belong to the tribe Amarygmini:

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References

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  1. ^ "Amarygmini tribe Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2021-08-08.
  2. ^ Bousquet, Yves; Thomas, Donald B.; Bouchard, Patrice; Smith, Aaron D.; et al. (2018). "Catalogue of Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) of North America". ZooKeys (728): 1–455. doi:10.3897/zookeys.728.20602. PMC 5799738. PMID 29416389.
  3. ^ Bouchard, Patrice; Bousquet, Yves; Aalbu, Rolf L.; Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel A.; et al. (2021). "Review of genus-group names in the family Tenebrionidae (Insecta, Coleoptera)". ZooKeys (1050): 1–633. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1050.64217. hdl:10261/250214. PMC 8328949. PMID 34385881.
  4. ^ Bouchard, Patrice; Bousquet, Yves; Davies, Anthony E.; Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel A.; et al. (2011). "Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)". ZooKeys (88): 1–972. doi:10.3897/zookeys.88.807. PMC 3088472. PMID 21594053.
  5. ^ a b c Watt, J. C. (1974). "A revised subfamily classification of Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera)". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 1 (4): 381–452. doi:10.1080/03014223.1974.9517846. ISSN 0301-4223.
  6. ^ a b Bremer, H. J. (2010). "Revision of the genus Amarygmus Dalman and related genera. LVI. The Amarygmini of Borneo (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), part I". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A. 3: 139–256.
  7. ^ Watt, J. Charles (1989). "THE IDENTITY OF TWO FABRICIAN SPECIES OF AMARYGMINI (COLEOPTERA. TENEBRIONIDAE) FROM AUSTRALIA WITH A KEY TO SPECIES GROUPS AND SOME SPECIES OF CHALCOPTEROIDES STRAND". Australian Journal of Entomology. 28 (2): 115–123. doi:10.1111/j.1440-6055.1989.tb01207.x. ISSN 1326-6756.
  8. ^ Lawrence, J.; Slipinski, A. (2018). "Another mystery larva: Larval scavenging in the Amarygmini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Tenebrioninae)". Australian Entomologist. 45 (4): 489–497.

Further reading

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