Battle of Hazalo

Battle of Hazalo
	Part of the Oromo Expansions
Date	1559
Location	Mount Hazalo near Awash River, Adal Sultanate
Result	Oromo victory Oromo begin gradually occupying parts of Hararghe; Beginning of the collapse of Adal Sultanate;
Belligerents
Adal Sultanate	Oromo
Commanders and leaders
Nur ibn Mujahid	Michelle Gada
Strength
Unknown	Unknown
Casualties and losses
Heavy	Unknown

The Battle of Hazalo was fought between the forces of Adal Sultanate led by Nur ibn Mujahid, and Oromo of Gada Michelle in 1559.^[3] Nur and his troops were returning from a victory at the Battle of Fatagar against the Ethiopian Imperial army, when they were ambushed sustaining heavy casualties.^[4] Adal's elite soldiers the Malassay were killed in large number effectively ending the Harari states regional superiority.^[5]

Background

In March 1559, Emir Nur (1552–67) the Muslim leader from Harar, destroyed the Christian military including its leadership. A few weeks later the Muslim force itself was liquidated at the Battle of Hazalo.^[6] The Oromos' next move was to invade the Adal.^[7] From lowland Dawaro, they (Oromo) crossed over to Adal and waited in hiding in the forests of Mount Hazalo.^[8]

Battle

According to Milkias, "The Michile Gada age group made a surprise attack at Hazalo and annihilated the forces of Sultan Ali Nur, a nephew of Gragn who avenged the death of his uncle by killing his Emperor Gelawdewos on the battlefield and who was marching home to prepare another campaign and reconquer Christian Ethiopia.

References

^ Paulos Milkias(Ethiopia, p. 211) The defeat at Hazalo was so total that the Harar that had defied so many emperors of Ethiopia.https://www.google.com/books/edition/Ethiopia/Iu9mnXhvSswC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=hazalo&pg=PA211&printsec=frontcover
^ Mohamed Hassan(The Oromo of Ethiopia 1700 p. 314) They not only devastated the Muslim force at Hazalo, but also destroyed the famous Christian corps Jan Amora in the important province of Fatagar.https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29226/1/10731321.pdf
^ Huntingford, G.W.B. (15 May 2017). Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593-1646. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781317052715.
^ Milkias, Paulos (18 May 2011). Ethiopia. ABC-CLIO. p. 211. ISBN 9781598842586.
^ Hassan, Mohammad. Oromo of Ethiopia 1500 (PDF). University of London. p. 194.
^ Hassen, Mohamed (2015). The Oromo and the Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia 1300-1700. James Currey. p. 236. ISBN 9781847011176.
^ Milkias, Paulos (2011). Ethiopia. ABC-CLIO. p. 211. ISBN 9781598842586.
^ Hassan, Mohamed. The Oromo of Ethiopia (PDF). University of London. p. 186.

[1] Paulos Milkias(Ethiopia, p. 211) The defeat at Hazalo was so total that the Harar that had defied so many emperors of Ethiopia.https://www.google.com/books/edition/Ethiopia/Iu9mnXhvSswC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=hazalo&pg=PA211&printsec=frontcover

[2] Mohamed Hassan(The Oromo of Ethiopia 1700 p. 314) They not only devastated the Muslim force at Hazalo, but also destroyed the famous Christian corps Jan Amora in the important province of Fatagar.https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29226/1/10731321.pdf

[3] Huntingford, G.W.B. (15 May 2017). Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593-1646. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781317052715.

[4] Milkias, Paulos (18 May 2011). Ethiopia. ABC-CLIO. p. 211. ISBN 9781598842586.

[5] Hassan, Mohammad. Oromo of Ethiopia 1500 (PDF). University of London. p. 194.

[6] Hassen, Mohamed (2015). The Oromo and the Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia 1300-1700. James Currey. p. 236. ISBN 9781847011176.

[7] Milkias, Paulos (2011). Ethiopia. ABC-CLIO. p. 211. ISBN 9781598842586.

[8] Hassan, Mohamed. The Oromo of Ethiopia (PDF). University of London. p. 186.

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