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Cluster fly

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Cluster fly
Male Pollenia sp.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Subsection: Calyptratae
Superfamily: Oestroidea
Family: Polleniidae
Genus: Pollenia
Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830[1]
Type species
Musca rudis[2]
Synonyms

Cluster flies (a.k.a. grass flies or attic flies) are flies of the genus Pollenia in the family Polleniidae. Unlike the more familiar blow flies, such as the bluebottle genus Phormia they do not lay eggs in human food. They parasitise earthworms; the females lay their eggs near earthworm burrows, and the larvae then feed on the worms. But the biology of this group is relatively poorly known and a few have been recorded from other hosts including caterpillars and bees.[13]

Cluster flies seek refuge in cold weather and find their way into attic spaces and similar areas indoors. They often emerge on warm days, and cluster at windows attempting to exit (hence the name).[14]

Pollenia sp. on leaves in a forest

The typical grass fly Pollenia rudis is about 7 mm long and can be recognised by distinct lines or stripes behind the head, short golden-coloured hairs on the thorax, and irregular light and dark grey areas on the abdomen. Cluster flies are typically slow-moving.

Cluster flies have a widespread distribution. Eight species are found in Britain and 31 in Europe. Pollenia species are also numerous in Australia and New Zealand (over 30 species); they are common in North America. P. rudis has spread widely in association with humans.[15]

Species

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d Robineau-Desvoidy, André Jean Baptiste (1830). "Essai sur les myodaires". Mémoires presentés à l'Institut des Sciences, Lettres et Arts, par divers savants et lus dans ses assemblées: Sciences, Mathématiques et Physique. 2 (2): 1–813. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
  2. ^ Sabrosky, Curtis W. (1999). "Family-Group Names in Diptera An annotated catalog" (PDF). Myia. 10. Leidan: Backhuys Publishers. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 April 2008. Retrieved 31 May 2008.
  3. ^ a b Fabricius, J.C. (1794). Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta. Vol. 4. Hafniae [=Copenhagen]: C. G. Proft. pp. [6] + 472 + [5] pp.
  4. ^ a b c d Robineau-Desvoidy, Jean-Baptiste (1863). Histoire naturelle des dipteres des environs de Paris (PDF). Vol. Tome second. Masson et Fils, Paris. pp. 1–920. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
  5. ^ a b c d Hutton, Frederick Wollaston (1901). "Synopsis of the Diptera Brachycera of New Zealand". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 33: 1–95. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  6. ^ Curran, C.H. (1927). "Some new Australasian and African Diptera of the families Muscidae and Tachinidae (Dipt.)". Entomologische Mitteilungen. 16: 345–357.
  7. ^ a b c Enderlein, G (1936). "Ordnung: Zweiflügler, Diptera. In: Brohmer P, Ehrmann P, Ulmer G (Eds)". Die Tierwelt Mitteleuropas. Insekten, Teil II. 6 (22): 1–259.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h Jacentkovsky, Dimitrij (1941). "Kuklice (Tachinoidea, Diptera) Moravy a Slezska". Acta Societatis Scientiarum Naturalium Moravicae. 13: 1–64. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
  9. ^ a b Jacentkovský, D. (1941). "Pollenia mayeri n. sp. Calliphoridae, Tachinoidea) nová kuklice z Moravy [Pollenia mayeri n. sp. (Calliphoridae, Tachinoidea) eine neue Raupenflige aus Mähren". Entomologické listy (in Czech). 4: 14–16.
  10. ^ a b c Jacentkovský, D (1942). "Beitrag zur Kenntnis der gattung Pollenia R.D. (Calliphoridae, Tachinoidae, Diptera)". Rozpravy Vedecké Spolecnosti Badatelské pri Ruské Svobodné Universite v Praze. 11 (16) (84): 193–225.
  11. ^ a b Jacentkovský, D (1944). "Další příspěvek k zvířeně kuklkic (Tachinoidea, Dipt.) Moravy [Weiterer Beitrag zur Fauna der Raupenfliegen (Tachinoidea, Dipt.) Mährens]". Entomologické listy (in Czech). 7: 45–49.
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