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Fluorescein (medical use)

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Fluorescein
Fluorescein drops being put in the eye before examination
Clinical data
Pronunciation/ˈflʊərəsiːn/[1]
Trade namesFluorescite, AK-Fluor, BioGlo, others
License data
Routes of
administration		Eye drops, intravenous, by mouth
Drug classDiagnostic agent
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • UK: POM (Prescription only)[2]
  • US: ℞-only
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Identifiers
  • 3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
PDB ligand
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC20H12O5
Molar mass332.311 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)OC23C4=C(C=C(C=C4)O)OC5=C3C=CC(=C5)O
  • InChI=1S/C20H12O5/c21-11-5-7-15-17(9-11)24-18-10-12(22)6-8-16(18)20(15)14-4-2-1-3-13(14)19(23)25-20/h1-10,21-22H
  • Key:GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
This article is about fluorescein as a medical diagnostic. For the dye, see fluorescein.

Fluorescein is used to help in the diagnosis of a number of eye problems.[3] When applied as a drop or within a strip of paper to the surface of the eye it is used to help detect eye injuries such as foreign bodies and corneal abrasions.[4][5] When given by mouth or injection into a vein it is used to help evaluate the blood vessels in the back of the eye during fluorescein angiography.[3][6]

When applied to the surface of the eye, side effects may include a brief period of blurry vision and discoloration of contact lenses of the soft type.[7][3] When used by mouth or injection, side effects may include headache, nausea, and a change to the color of the skin for a brief period of time.[3] Allergic reactions may rarely occur.[3] Fluorescein is a dye which is taken up by damaged cornea such that the area appears green under cobalt blue light.[3] There is also a version that comes premixed with lidocaine.[4][8]

Fluorescein was first made in 1871.[9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[10]

Brand names

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It is also sold as a combination drug with oxybuprocaine under the brand name Altafluor Benox.[11][12]

Other animals

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It is also sometimes administered to pets in multi-pet environments to determine which pet needs behavioral modification.[citation needed]

References

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  1. ^ "Fluorescein | Definition of Fluorescein by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Fluorescein". Lexico Dictionaries | English. Archived from the original on 14 January 2021.
  2. ^ "Fluorescein sodium 100 mg/ml, solution for injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 16 January 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Duvall B, Kershner RM (2006). "Ophthalmic medications and pharmacology". Journal of Ophthalmic Nursing & Technology. 17 (4). SLACK Incorporated: 151–158. ISBN 9781556427503. PMID 9883136. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017.
  4. ^ a b British national formulary : BNF 69 (69 ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. pp. 769, 772. ISBN 9780857111562.
  5. ^ Hamilton R (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 416. ISBN 9781284057560.
  6. ^ "Anatera 100mg/ml solution for injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 10 February 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  7. ^ World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. p. 314. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
  8. ^ "Minims Lidocaine & Fluorescein Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (emc)". (emc). 23 October 2017. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  9. ^ Bartlett JD, Jaanus SD (2008). Clinical Ocular Pharmacology. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 283. ISBN 978-0750675765. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017.
  10. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  11. ^ "Drug Approval Package: Altafluor Benox (fluorescein sodium and benoxinate hydrochloride ophthalmic solution)". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 9 April 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  12. ^ "Altafluor- fluorescein sodium and benoxinate hydrochloride solution". DailyMed. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 4 December 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
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