Fort Hoskins
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2007) |
| Fort Hoskins | |
|---|---|
| Benton County, Oregon | |
 Grounds of the former Fort Hoskins | |
| Type | Military base |
| Site information | |
| Controlled by | United States Army |
| Site history | |
| Materials | Wood |
| Events | |
Fort Hoskins Site | |
   | |
| Nearest city | Kings Valley, Oregon |
| Built | 1856 |
| NRHP reference No. | 74001672[1] |
| Added to NRHP | May 1, 1974 |
| Garrison information | |
| Garrison | 4th Regiment of California Infantry |
| Occupants | 2nd Lt.Philip Sheridan, Capt.Christopher C. Augur |
Fort Hoskins was one of three "forts" (which were actually unfortified posts) built by the U.S. Army to monitor the Coastal Indian Reservation in Oregon Territory (later the U.S. State of Oregon) in the mid-19th century. The Fort Hoskins Site is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Fort Hoskins was garrisoned by a number of companies of soldiers throughout its short existence, and future Union Civil War generals Christopher Columbus Augur and Phil Sheridan were stationed there.
History
[edit]Construction on the post began in 1856 on the Luckiamute River under the supervision of then Captain Christopher C. Augur.[2] Fort Hoskins was finished in 1857, with then-lieutenant Philip Sheridan in charge, and was named after Lt. Charles Hoskins, who had died in the Mexican–American War.[2] The fort was located about 19 miles northwest of Corvallis.
Captain Augur was assigned to Fort Hoskins as its first post commander from 25 July 1856 to 2 July 1861. He and his growing family became the first occupants of their newly constructed residence on Fort Hoskin's "Officer's Row." 2nd Lt. Phil Sheridan oversaw the construction of Fort Hoskins during this period. Two soldiers who were stationed at the fort during the American Civil War kept journals of their experiences: Royal A. Bensell and William M. Hilleary. Their accounts are of unmitigated boredom and dampness, but they provide a good picture of 19th-century life in the area.
Fort Hoskins played an indirectly important role in local and state history because of the leadership of several out-of-state soldiers who decided to stay in the area after they were mustered out of the army. Several placenames in the area, such as Kings Valley, are connected with these soldiers. The fort never saw any action, though a bloodless insurrection by Native Americans at Yaquina Bay was put down by the soldiers.[2] After the Civil War ended, it was discovered that Fort Hoskins had been an outpost of interest to the former Confederate government. Fort Hoskins was abandoned in 1865.[2]
Archeological site
[edit]The site of the fort was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.[1]
In 2002, Benton County opened the site as Fort Hoskins Historical Park.[3] In 2012, the fort commander's house was moved back to its original site at Fort Hoskins from nearby Pedee, where it had been moved after the fort was closed. In 2015, Benton County approved funds for an exterior restoration of the house.[4]
Community and post office
[edit]The community of Hoskins was located at 44°40′36″N 123°28′07″W / 44.6767857°N 123.4687151°W west of Oregon Route 223's intersection with Hoskins Road, northwest of Wren and southwest of Kings Valley.[5][6][7] Hoskins post office, named for the long-abandoned fort, was established in 1891 and ran until 1965.[6] Hoskins was a station on and the headquarters of the Valley and Siletz Railroad and a mercantile community, including a tavern and a store, grew up around the railroad.[6][8][9] Railroad infrastructure at Hoskins included a yard and a roundhouse, as well a shop building constructed around 1914.[10] In 1915, the population of Hoskins was 150, and the community had a school.[11] At one time there was a covered bridge across the Luckiamute at this location.[10] According to author Ralph Friedman the yards, roundhouse, and covered bridge were all gone by 1990, and the only business remaining by 1972 was the tavern.[8][10] The James Watson House, part of the National Register of Historic Places-listed Watson–Price Farmstead in Hoskins was built in the 1850s is thought to be the first plastered house in the state.[8][9] The Samuel Frantz (Dunn-Frantz) House was converted to a residence after serving as the Fort's infirmary; it is now part of the county park.[citation needed]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. April 15, 2008.
- ^ a b c d Corning, Howard M. Dictionary of Oregon History. Binfords & Mort Publishing, 1956.
- ^ Fort Hoskins Historical Park
- ^ Bennett Hall, "Commander’s House at Fort Hoskins set for major renovation", Corvallis Gazette-Times, originally published January 22, 2015; updated Jan 25, 2015
- ^ "Hoskins". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. November 28, 1980. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
- ^ a b c McArthur, Lewis A.; McArthur, Lewis L. (2003) [1928]. Oregon Geographic Names (7th ed.). Portland, Oregon: Oregon Historical Society Press. p. 481. ISBN 978-0875952772.
- ^ Oregon Atlas & Gazetteer (7th ed.). Yarmouth, Maine: DeLorme. 2008. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-89933-347-2.
- ^ a b c Friedman, Ralph (1993) [1972]. Oregon for the Curious (3rd ed.). Portland, Oregon: Pars Publishing Company. p. 102. ISBN 0-87004-222-X.
- ^ a b Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of Oregon (1940). Oregon: End of the Trail. American Guide Series. Portland, Oregon: Binfords & Mort. p. 343. OCLC 4874569.
- ^ a b c Friedman, Ralph (1990). In Search of Western Oregon. Caldwell, Idaho: The Caxton Printers, Ltd. p. 184-185. ISBN 0-87004-332-3.
- ^ Burke, Thomas C. (1915). The State of Oregon: Its Resources and Opportunities; Official Pamphlet Published for the Information of Homeseekers, Settlers and Investors. Oregon State Immigration Commission. p. 91, 94.
Further reading
[edit]- Bensell, Royal A.; Barth, Gunther (ed.) (1959) All Quiet on the Yamhill: The Civil War in Oregon: The Journal of Corporal Royal A. Bensell, Company D, Fourth California Infantry.
- Brauner, David Ray; Stricker, Nahani A. (2006). Fort Hoskins Illustrated: An Archaeologist Reflects. Benton County Historical Society and Museum. ISBN 978-0-9764024-1-1.
- Hilleary, William M.; Nelson, Herbert B. and Preston, E. Onstad (ed.) (1965) A Webfoot Volunteer: The Diary of William M. Hilleary 1864-1866.
- Hoop, Oscar Winslow "History of Fort Hoskins, 1856-65", Oregon Historical Quarterly, 30 (1929), pp. 346-361
- Onstad, Preston E. "The Fort on the Luckiamute: A Resurvey of Fort Hoskins", Oregon Historical Quarterly, 65 (1964), pp. 173-196
External links
[edit]- Sovereigns of Themselves: A Liberating History of Oregon and Its Coast, Vol. VII, a self-published history
- 1857 establishments in Oregon Territory
- 1865 disestablishments in Oregon
- American Civil War forts
- Former installations of the United States Army
- County parks in Oregon
- Forts in Oregon
- Forts on the National Register of Historic Places in Oregon
- Landmarks in Oregon
- National Register of Historic Places in Benton County, Oregon
- Oregon in the American Civil War
- Parks in Benton County, Oregon