Holigarna arnottiana
| Holigarna arnottiana | |
|---|---|
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| Holigarna arnottiana leaves | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Anacardiaceae |
| Genus: | Holigarna |
| Species: | H. arnottiana
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| Binomial name | |
| Holigarna arnottiana Hook.f.
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Holigarna arnottiana is a deciduous tree belonging to family Anacardiaceae.[1] This tree is distributed along South West parts of India[1] and is endemic to Western Ghats, from Central and South Sahyadris.[2] It is commonly known as black varnish tree or Malabar marking nut or കരിഞ്ചേര്.[3]
Description
[edit]A large tree, with finely fissured bark. White latex turning black upon contact with air. Leaves are simple, alternate, arranged spirally, clustered at twig ends. Flowers are borne in panicles, 12-24 cm long, golden yellow pubescent, in leaf axils or at branch ends. Flowers are polygamous, greenish white. Fruit is obliquely ovoid, 1-seeded.[4]
Ecology
[edit]Canopy trees in wet evergreen to semi-evergreen and moist deciduous forests, up to 1200 m.[5]
Phenology
[edit]Flowering and Fruiting: January-July.[6]
Uses
[edit]In Ayurveda, the plant is believed to be helpful in treatment of inflammation, arthritis, hemorrhoids, obesity, tumor, cancer, and skin diseases[2].It is estimated that bio-Fabricated Silver Nanoparticles from the Leaf Extract of Holigarna arnottiana had antimicrobial, antimitotic, anticancer, and radical-scavenging properties.[7]
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Holigarna arnottiana Hook.f. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online.
- ^ a b "Holigarna arnottiana - Black Varnish Tree".
- ^ "Holigarna arnottiana – eFlora of India". March 6, 2011.
- ^ "Holigarna arnottiana - ANACARDIACEAE". biotik.org.
- ^ B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
- ^ "India Flora Online". indiaflora-ces.iisc.ac.in.
- ^ Ajaykumar AP, Sabira O, Binitha VS, Varma SR, Mathew A, Jayaraj KN, Janish PA, Zeena KV, Sheena P, Venugopal V, et al. Bio-Fabricated Silver Nanoparticles from the Leaf Extract of the Poisonous Plant, Holigarna arnottiana: Assessment of Antimicrobial, Antimitotic, Anticancer, and Radical-Scavenging Properties. Pharmaceutics. 2023; 15(10):2468. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15102468