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Hybotidae

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hybotidae
Temporal range: Barremian–Recent
Bicellaria spuria (Ocydromiinae: Bicellariini)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Suborder: Brachycera
Infraorder: Asilomorpha
Superfamily: Empidoidea
Family: Hybotidae
Macquart, 1823
Subfamilies

Hybotidae, the typical dance flies, are a family of true flies. They belong to the superfamily Empidoidea and were formerly included in the Empididae as a subfamily.

Some, such as Tachydromia, are predators that run around on the bark of trees in complex patterns, hence the common name. Tachydromia species are only about three millimeters long.

Description

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Right wing of the species Hybos grossipes, showing discal medial cell (dm) and first and second medial vein (M1+2)
Hybos culiciformis

Hybotidae share some similarities with the family Dolichopodidae, when looking at rotation of genitalia and wing characteristics. Male terminalia are rotated dextrally between 45° and 90°, excluding segment 7. Hybotidae wings always have a simple R4+5 vein, where the costa either ends near or at M1/M1+2, or near or at R4+5/R5. Furthermore, it can be distinguished from Dolichopodidae by the point of vein Rs, which it at a distance from the humeral crossvein (h) equal to or longer than the length of h.[1]

Systematics

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The Hybotidae clearly form a lineage quite distinct from the Empididae. Among the Empidoidea, they represent a lineage more basal than the main radiation of Empididae and Dolichopodidae, though they are not as ancient as the genera placed in the Atelestidae.[2][3]

By and large, the Hybotidae are monophyletic. Among its subfamilies, the Hybotinae and Tachydromiinae certainly represent clades. The status of the Ocydromiinae as a natural group is less clear, in particular whether the Trichininae should be included as tribe Trichinini or even in the Bicellariini[4] or Oedaleini,[5] or whether they are more distinct and warrant recognition as a separate subfamily.[2]

Based on the most recent phylogenetic studies,[1] the relationship between Hybotidae and other members of Empidoidea is as follows. The placement of Hybotidae is emphasized in bold formatting.

Atelestidae


Systematic list

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The subfamilies with their tribes and selected genera are:[3][6][7]

Hybotinae Meigen, 1820[8]

Hybos culiciformis (Hybotinae)

Ocydromiinae

Ocydromia glabricula (Ocydromiinae: Ocydromiini)
Trichinomyia flavipes

Trichininae (often included in Ocydromiinae)

Tachydromia arrogans or closely related species (Tachydromiinae: Tachydromiini)
Tachypeza nubila with prey (video, 2m 23s)

Incertae sedis

References

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  1. ^ a b Wahlberg, Emma; Johanson, Kjell Arne (2018). "Molecular phylogenetics reveals novel relationships within Empidoidea (Diptera)". Systematic Entomology. 43 (4): 619–636. doi:10.1111/syen.12297. ISSN 1365-3113.
  2. ^ a b Moulton, J. K.; Wiegmann, B. M. (2007). "The phylogenetic relationships of flies in the superfamily Empidoidea (Insecta: Diptera)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 43 (3): 701–713. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.029. PMID 17468014.
  3. ^ a b Sinclair, Bradley J.; Cumming, Jeffrey M. (2006). "The morphology, higher-level phylogeny and classification of the Empidoidea (Diptera)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1180: 1–172. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1180.1.1. ISBN 978-1-877407-80-2. Retrieved 20 December 2011.
  4. ^ Jere Kahanpää (July 23, 2008). "Hybotidae". Draft Catalogue of Finnish Flies (Diptera: Brachycera). Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved July 30, 2008.
  5. ^ "Hybotidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved June 21, 2008.
  6. ^ Chvála, Milan (1983). The Empidoidea (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. II. General Part. The families Hybotidae, Atelestidae and Microphoridae. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica. Vol. 12. pp. 1–279.
  7. ^ Chvála, Milan (1975). The Tachydromiinae (Diptera; Empididae) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica. Vol. 3. Klampenborg: Scandinavian Science Press. pp. 1–336. ISBN 978-87-87491-04-4.
  8. ^ Meigen, J.W. (1820). Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäische n zweiflugeligen Insekten. Aachen: Zweiter Theil. Forstmann. pp. xxxvi + 363. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  9. ^ Sinclair, Bradley J.; Cumming, Jeffrey M. (2006). "Morphology, higher-level phylogeny and classification of the Empidoidea" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1180. Auckland, New Zealand: Magnolia Press: 1–172. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  10. ^ Miroslav Barták & Štěpán Kubík (2009). "A new species of the genus Trichina (Diptera: Hybotidae) with a key to European species" (PDF). home.czu.cz.
  11. ^ "Trichinomyia Tuomikoski, 1959". Natural History Museum.
  12. ^ "Symballophthalmus Becker, 1889". NBN Atlas.
  13. ^ Shamshev, I.V.; Grootaert, P. (2007). "Revision of the genus Elaphropeza Macquart (Diptera: Hybotidae) from the Oriental Region, with a special attention to the fauna of Singapore" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1488: 1–164. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1488.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
  14. ^ Grootaert, Patrick; Van De Velde, Isabella; Shamshev, Igor V. (2015). "Two new coastal species of Elaphropeza Macquart (Diptera: Hybotidae) from Bali, Indonesia". European Journal of Taxonomy (112): 1–10. doi:10.5852/ejt.2015.112. ISSN 2118-9773. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
  15. ^ Loew, H. (1864). "Ueber die schlesischen Arten der Gattungen Tachypeza Meig. (Tachypeza, Tachista, Dysaletria) und Microphorus Macq. (Trichina und Microphorus)". Zeitschrift für Entomologie. 14 (1860). Breslau: 1–60.
  16. ^ Arias, J. E. (1919). "Description preliminar de un nuevo Empido de Espana". Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. 19: 479–481.
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