Ivan Petrizhitsky-Kulaga
Ivan Petrizhitsky-Kulaga,[1] also Petrazhytsky-Kaluha[2] (Ukrainian: Іван Петражицький-Кулага; ca. 1570 – 1632) was a Cossack hetman in the years 1631–32. Seen as a supporter of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, he was stripped of his hetman position in an internal Cossack conflict and executed in 1632.
Biography
[edit]
Petrizhitsky-Kulaga was born around 1570 into a notable Cossack family.[3] Little is known from his earlier years. He participated in the battle of Chocim (Khotyn) in 1621[3] and, later, in large scale Cossack expeditions against the Ottomans in 1628 and 1630.[3]
Petrizhitsky-Kulaga succeeded the hetman Tymofii Orendarenko after the Cossack hetman election in 1631.[4] He was seen as a supporter of Poland. Shortly after his election in 1631 he handed the Swedish diplomats l'Admiral and Des Greves, who attempted to negotiate with the Cossacks, to the Polish government.[5]
He is remembered for submitting the Cossack petition at the election sejm of 1632.[2] In this petition, the Cossacks requested that they, as warriors and defenders of the state, be given full political equality with the Polish nobility (szlachta).[2] They also asked that the Cossacks be allowed to participate in the royal election.[6] Not only did the Polish senators reject the petition,[7] but in response to the Cossacks' describing themselves in the petition as the "limbs of the nation", they infamously replied that the Cossacks were like nails or hair that needs to be cut down.[8][9][10]
That same year Petrizhitsky-Kulaga declared his support for the newly founded Kyiv-Mohyla Academy.[3] His unpopular stance as a Polish loyalist and an internal power struggle among the Cossacks triggered a coup d'etat.[3][7] He was accused of supporting the unpopular Uniate sect (see Union of Brest).[3] His opponents, supported by bishop Isaia Kopynsky, elected a new hetman. Petrizhitsky-Kulaga himself was executed in Kiev later that year by other Cossacks[7] and succeeded as hetman by Andrii Didenko.[11]
References
[edit]- ^ Ludmilla Charipova (19 September 2006). Latin Books and the Eastern Orthodox Clerical Elite in Kiev, 1632–1780. Manchester University Press. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-7190-7296-3. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
- ^ a b c Journal of Ukrainian Graduate Studies: Zhurnal Vyshchykh Ukraínoznaychykh Studií. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies. 1976. p. 23.
- ^ a b c d e f Aleksiej Petrażycki (16 March 2002). "Iwan Dawidowicz Petrażycki-Kułacha". Petrazycki.com. Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
- ^ Sergeĭ Mikhaĭlovich Solovʹev (2002). History of Russia. Academic International Press. p. 91. ISBN 978-0-87569-237-1.
- ^ B. F. Porshnev (1995). Muscovy and Sweden in the Thirty Years' War 1630–1635. Cambridge University Press. pp. 138–139. ISBN 978-0-521-45139-0.
- ^ Bogdan Borucki (January 2009). Zwycięstwa oręża polskiego. Wydawnictwo RM. p. 74. ISBN 9788372437334. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
- ^ a b c Mykhaĭlo Hrushevsʹkyĭ (2002). History of Ukraine-Rus': The Cossack Age, 1626–1650. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press. pp. 118–120. ISBN 978-1-895571-32-5.
- ^ Przegląd wschodni. Gebethner i Ska Wydawn. 1998. p. 22.
W 1632 r., gdy posłowie kozaccy wychodząc z założenia, że jak szlachta "sa członkami tej samej Rzeczypospolitej" postulowali dopuszczenie ich do elekcji po śmierci Zygmunta III. Senatorowie oświadczyli wówczas, że Kozacy są takimi jej członkami, jak włosy i paznokcie dla ciała: wprawdzie są potrzebne, ale gdy zbytnio wyrosną, jedne ciążą głowie, drugie przykro ranią, oboje trzeba częściej przycinać
- ^ Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł (książę); Adam Przyboś; Roman Żelewski (1980). Pamiętnik o dziejach w Polsce: 1632–1636. Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy. p. 122. ISBN 9788306000924.
- ^ Robert Bain (30 May 2005). The First Romanovs. Kessinger Publishing. p. 86. ISBN 978-1-4179-7076-6. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
- ^ Mychajlo S. Hruševs·kyj; Andrzej Poppe (2008). History of Ukraine-Rus': The Cossack age, 1654–1657. Canadian Inst. of Ukrainian Studies Press. p. 530. ISBN 978-1-894865-10-4.