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Josef Smolen

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Josef Smolen (born March 24, 1950[1][2]) is an Austrian rheumatologist and immunologist and professor emeritus at the Medical University of Vienna.[3][4] Since 2018, he is chairman emeritus of the Department of Internal Medicine 3 and the Division of Rheumatology at the Medical University of Vienna and Vienna General Hospital[5] and was the chairman of the 2nd Medical Department and Center for Diagnosis and Therapy of Rheumatic Diseases at the Lainz Hospital, now the Hietzing Clinic of the Vienna Health Association from 1989 to 2017.[3]

Biography

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Smolen graduated from the Bundesrealgymnasium I Stubenbastei in 1968[6] and then studied medicine at the University of Vienna, where he obtained his doctorate in January 1975.[7][8] From March 1975 to August 1976, he conducted research at the Institute of Immunology at the University of Vienna,[9] and from September 1976 he was a resident at the 2nd Department of Medicine, University of Vienna, where he completed his training in internal medicine and rheumatology.[9] From 1980–1981, he was a research fellow at the National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIADDK, now NIAMS) of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, MD, USA, with Alfred D. Steinberg.[9][10] He became a senior physician with a leading function at the department's rheumatology unit in 1983.[9]

His habilitation in clinical immunology in 1985 was followed by his habilitation in internal medicine in 1987.[9] In 1989, he was appointed head of the 2nd Medical Department of the Lainz Hospital of the City of Vienna (Center for Diagnostics and Therapy of Rheumatic Diseases), a position he held until the end of 2017.[9][11]

In 1995, he was appointed Professor of Internal Medicine and Head of the Division of Rheumatology at the Department of Medicine 3 of the University of Vienna (later Medical University of Vienna) and Vienna General Hospital[9] and from 2007 also served as Head of the Department of Internal Medicine 3, a position he held until his retirement at the end of September 2018.[12]

Smolen was President of the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) from 2003 go 2005.[13] From 1998 to 2001, he was Treasurer of the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS).[14] From 2006 to 2008, he was President of the Austrian Society for Allergology and Immunology (ÖGAI)[15][16] and from 2004 to 2006 President of the Austrian Society for Rheumatology and Rehabilitation (ÖGR).[17][18][19]

In 2003, Smolen was elected a corresponding member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) and in 2005 a full member.[20] In 2007, he was elected a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina – National Academy of Sciences.[21] Since 2017, Smolen has been Editor-in-Chief of the scientific journal Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases – The EULAR Journal,[22][23] which had an impact factor of over 27 in 2022.[24] Since 2003, he has been one of the authors of the textbook "Rheumatology".[25] Together with Kurt Redlich and Daniel Aletaha, he is the founder of the German-languaged scientific journal "Fakten der Rheumatologie"[26] published by MedMedia Verlag.

Smolen is married to psychoanalyst Alicja Smolen, née Winter; together they have three children.[citation needed]

Research

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Smolen has published more than 700 scientific papers, including in the New England Journal of Medicine, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature Medicine, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases and Journal of Clinical Investigation, on topics relating to immunology and rheumatology, with his research activities focusing on the pathogenesis and treatment of rheumatic diseases.[27] In this context, together with his many colleagues, he has gained new insights into the development and propagation of joint destruction and helped to develop new therapies for rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases.[28] The innovative therapies whose development he has significantly influenced include biologics such as monoclonal antibodies against TNF (infliximab, golimumab, certolizumab)[29][30][31] or the IL-6 receptor (tocilizumab)[32] as well as Janus kinase inhibitors (baricitinib, upadacitinib).[33][34] Previously, he made significant contributions to the understanding of other then new drugs, such as leflunomide.[35] Most recently, he was involved in the development of an antibody against IL-6 (olokizumab).[36]

Smolen and his team have developed new disease activity scores for rheumatoid arthritis (Simplified Disease Activity Index, SDAI, and Clinical Disease Activity Index, CDAI),[37][38] psoriatic arthritis (Disease Activity index for PSoriatic Arthritis, DAPSA)[39] and reactive arthritis (Disease Activity index for REactive Arthritis, DAREA),[40] which are used worldwide.[41][42][43] He was also spiritus rector in the development and expansion of the treat-to-target concept (targeted therapy) for rheumatic diseases.[44][45][46][47]

In the course of studies on autologous mixed lymphocyte culture, Smolen, together with Thomas Luger and others, showed for the first time that CD8 lymphocytes produce interleukin-2, a finding that broke through a dogma at the time.[48][49] Together with Günter Steiner and others, he discovered a new autoantigen, RA-33, which triggers an autoimmune response, particularly in rheumatoid arthritis.[50][51] To optimize the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Smolen established immediate access early arthritis outpatient clinics at the Hietzing Hospital and the General Hospital[52] herewith developed a concept to reduce waiting times for patients, which has enabled many rheumatoid arthritis patients to receive rapid and efficient help.[52]

He is the author of a series of EULAR recommendations on the treatment of several rheumatic diseases.[53][54][55][56][57] Since almost two decades he is one of the editors of the Textbook "Rheumatology", whose 8th edition has been published recently.[58] Smolen has been one of the Highly Cited Researchers for many years[59][60] and is a much sought-after speaker and teacher at international and national congresses and other events.[61][62]

Honors

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Activities in literary studies

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In addition to medical research, Smolen is also active in the field of literature, with a focus on literary expressionism. In this regard, he has written four bibliographies, namely one on the series "Der jüngste Tag" by Kurt Wolff Verlag (2nd edition 2013 by Burg-Verlag, Vienna),[78][79] one on the series "Der rote Hahn" by Aktionsverlag (2019),[80] one on the series "Das neuste Gedicht" by Dresdner Verlag of 1917 (2020)[81] and another one on "Lyrische Flugblätter des Alfred Richard Meyer Verlags" (2021),[82][83] all published by Rotes Antiquariat, Vienna-Berlin.[84]

Most recently, a work focusing on Vienna at the turn of the century was published: "Fritzi Löw und die Buchkunst in Wien um 1900 – Neuentdeckes zu Kunstschaffenden und Verlagen", covering book-art in Vienna at the beginning of the 20th century,[85][86] and was presented at the Museum of Applied Arts in Vienna in 2023.[85]

References

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  1. ^ "Josef S Smolen". www.wikidata.org.
  2. ^ https://www.leopoldina.org/fileadmin/redaktion/Mitglieder/CV_Josef_Smolen_D.pdf
  3. ^ a b https://www.lupus-kcr2023.org/program/inv_modal.html?cv_code=MjAyMzAwMDAwMDEwMTRfMDAwMDE2
  4. ^ "Meet the Speakers: ORA 19th Annual Scientific Meeting – Ontario Rheumatology Association".
  5. ^ Wien, Medizinischen Universität. "Events | MedUni Wien". Medizinischen Universität Wien.
  6. ^ "Absolvent:innen | GRG 1 Stubenbastei". www.stubenbastei.at.
  7. ^ a b Vienna, Medical University of. "Josef Smolen awarded". Medical University of Vienna.
  8. ^ https://emeunet.eular.org/myUploadData/files/Josef_Smolen_CV.pdf
  9. ^ a b c d e f g "Mitglieder". Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften Leopoldina.
  10. ^ "Josef Smolen | ScienceBlog". scienceblog.at.
  11. ^ ""Ein offener Dialog ist mir wichtig"".
  12. ^ "Prim. Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. Dr. h. c. mult. Josef Smolen". wien.at Video.
  13. ^ "EULAR Presidents". EULAR.
  14. ^ "Page 1". contentdm.ad.umbc.edu.
  15. ^ https://oegai.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Geschichte-der-O%CC%88GAI-28.4.2021.pdf
  16. ^ "Österreichische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie". October 10, 2023 – via Wikipedia.
  17. ^ "Wer wir sind". rheumatologie.at.
  18. ^ "Highlights vom EULAR 2006 - Spitzenleistungen österreichischer Rheumatologen". OTS.at.
  19. ^ "Archivmeldung: "Rheuma-Zelt" startet in Wien". Presseservice der Stadt Wien. July 13, 2006.
  20. ^ "Josef Smolen". www.oeaw.ac.at.
  21. ^ "List of Members". Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften Leopoldina.
  22. ^ "EULAR Journal". EULAR.
  23. ^ "Meet the new Editor in Chief of ARD, Josef Smolen" – via www.youtube.com.
  24. ^ "Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases". July 19, 2023 – via Wikipedia.
  25. ^ https://academic.oup.com/rheumatology/article/43/6/815/1784697
  26. ^ "Fakten der Rheumatologie | MedMedia". FAKTEN der Rheumatologie.
  27. ^ "Smolen JS - Search Results - PubMed". PubMed.
  28. ^ "European Beacon for Rheumatology".
  29. ^ Smolen, J. S.; Han, C.; Bala, M.; Maini, R. N.; Kalden, J. R.; Van Der Heijde, D.; Breedveld, F. C.; Furst, D. E.; Lipsky, P. E. (April 11, 2005). "Evidence of radiographic benefit of treatment with infliximab plus methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis patients who had no clinical improvement: A detailed subanalysis of data from the anti–tumor necrosis factor trial in rheumatoid arthritis with concomitant therapy study". Arthritis & Rheumatism. 52 (4): 1020–1030. doi:10.1002/art.20982. PMID 15818697 – via CrossRef.
  30. ^ Smolen, Josef S; Kay, Jonathan; Doyle, Mittie K; Landewé, Robert; Matteson, Eric L; Wollenhaupt, Jürgen; Gaylis, Norman; Murphy, Frederick T; Neal, Jeffrey S; Zhou, Yiying; Visvanathan, Sudha; Hsia, Elizabeth C; Rahman, Mahboob U (July 18, 2009). "Golimumab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis after treatment with tumour necrosis factor α inhibitors (GO-AFTER study): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial". The Lancet. 374 (9685): 210–221. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60506-7. PMID 19560810. S2CID 20049262 – via ScienceDirect.
  31. ^ Smolen, J.; Landewé, R. B.; Mease, P.; Brzezicki, J.; Mason, D.; Luijtens, K.; Vollenhoven, R. F. van; Kavanaugh, A.; Schiff, M.; Burmester, G. R.; Strand, V.; Vencovský, J.; Heijde, D. van der (June 1, 2009). "Efficacy and safety of certolizumab pegol plus methotrexate in active rheumatoid arthritis: the RAPID 2 study. A randomised controlled trial". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 68 (6): 797–804. doi:10.1136/ard.2008.101659. PMC 2674556. PMID 19015207 – via ard.bmj.com.
  32. ^ Smolen, Josef S; Beaulieu, Andre; Rubbert-Roth, Andrea; Ramos-Remus, Cesar; Rovensky, Josef; Alecock, Emma; Woodworth, Thasia; Alten, Rieke (March 22, 2008). "Effect of interleukin-6 receptor inhibition with tocilizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (OPTION study): a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial". The Lancet. 371 (9617): 987–997. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60453-5. PMID 18358926. S2CID 2329948 – via ScienceDirect.
  33. ^ Smolen, Josef S.; Genovese, Mark C.; Takeuchi, Tsutomu; Hyslop, David L.; Macias, William L.; Rooney, Terence; Chen, Lei; Dickson, Christina L.; Camp, Jennifer Riddle; Cardillo, Tracy E.; Ishii, Taeko; Winthrop, Kevin L. (January 1, 2019). "Safety Profile of Baricitinib in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis with over 2 Years Median Time in Treatment". The Journal of Rheumatology. 46 (1): 7–18. doi:10.3899/jrheum.171361. PMID 30219772 – via www.jrheum.org.
  34. ^ Smolen, Josef S; Pangan, Aileen L; Emery, Paul; Rigby, William; Tanaka, Yoshiya; Vargas, Juan Ignacio; Zhang, Ying; Damjanov, Nemanja; Friedman, Alan; Othman, Ahmed A; Camp, Heidi S; Cohen, Stanley (June 8, 2019). "Upadacitinib as monotherapy in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and inadequate response to methotrexate (SELECT-MONOTHERAPY): a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase 3 study". The Lancet. 393 (10188): 2303–2311. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30419-2. PMID 31130260. S2CID 162183823 – via ScienceDirect.
  35. ^ Smolen, Josef S; Kalden, Joachim R; Scott, David L; Rozman, Blaz; Kvien, Tore K; Larsen, Arvi; Loew-Friedrich, Iris; Oed, Christine; Rosenburg, Ronald (January 23, 1999). "Efficacy and safety of leflunomide compared with placebo and sulphasalazine in active rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind, randomised, multicentre trial". The Lancet. 353 (9149): 259–266. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)09403-3. S2CID 54273260 – via ScienceDirect.
  36. ^ Smolen, Josef S.; Feist, Eugen; Fatenejad, Saeed; Grishin, Sergey A.; Korneva, Elena V.; Nasonov, Evgeniy L.; Samsonov, Mikhail Y.; Fleischmann, Roy M. (August 25, 2022). "Olokizumab versus Placebo or Adalimumab in Rheumatoid Arthritis". New England Journal of Medicine. 387 (8): 715–726. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2201302. PMID 36001712 – via CrossRef.
  37. ^ Aletaha, Daniel; Wang, Xin; Zhong, Sheng; Florentinus, Stefan; Monastiriakos, Kelly; Smolen, Josef S. (April 1, 2020). "Differences in disease activity measures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who achieved DAS, SDAI, or CDAI remission but not Boolean remission". Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 50 (2): 276–284. doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.09.005. PMID 31590930. S2CID 203826262 – via ScienceDirect.
  38. ^ "Scores for all seasons: SDAI and CDAI". Clin Exp Rheumatol.
  39. ^ "Disease activity and response assessment in psoriatic arthritis using the Disease Activity index for PSoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA). A brief review". Clin Exp Rheumatol.
  40. ^ Schoels, M.; Aletaha, D.; Funovits, J.; Kavanaugh, A.; Baker, D.; Smolen, J. S. (2010). "Application of the DAREA/DAPSA score for assessment of disease activity in psoriatic arthritis". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 69 (8): 1441–1447. doi:10.1136/ard.2009.122259. PMID 20525844. S2CID 19529826.
  41. ^ Aletaha, D.; Smolen, J. (March 11, 2005). "The Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) and the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI): a review of their usefulness and validity in rheumatoid arthritis". Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology. 23 (5 Suppl 39): S100–108. PMID 16273793 – via PubMed.
  42. ^ Haugeberg, G.; Michelsen, B.; Tengesdal, S.; Hansen, I. J.; Diamantopoulos, A.; Kavanaugh, A. (2018). "Ten years of follow-up data in psoriatic arthritis: Results based on standardized monitoring of patients in an ordinary outpatient clinic in southern Norway". Arthritis Research & Therapy. 20 (1): 160. doi:10.1186/s13075-018-1659-z. PMC 6090981. PMID 30071892.
  43. ^ Coates, L. C.; Merola, J. F.; Mease, P. J.; Ogdie, A.; Gladman, D. D.; Strand, V.; Van Mens, L. J.; Liu, L.; Yen, P. K.; Collier, D. H.; Kricorian, G.; Chung, J. B.; Helliwell, P. S. (2020). "Performance of composite measures used in a trial of etanercept and methotrexate as monotherapy or in combination in psoriatic arthritis". Rheumatology. 60 (3): 1137–1147. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keaa271. PMC 7937022. PMID 32864685.
  44. ^ Smolen, J. S.; Aletaha, D.; Bijlsma, J. W. J.; Breedveld, F. C.; Boumpas, D.; Burmester, G.; Combe, B.; Cutolo, M.; De Wit, M.; Dougados, M.; Emery, P.; Gibofsky, A.; Gomez-Reino, J. J.; Haraoui, B.; Kalden, J.; Keystone, E. C.; Kvien, T. K.; McInnes, I.; Martin-Mola, E.; Montecucco, C.; Schoels, M.; Van Der Heijde, D.; T2T Expert Committee (April 11, 2010). "Treating rheumatoid arthritis to target: recommendations of an international task force". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 69 (4): 631–637. doi:10.1136/ard.2009.123919. PMC 3015099. PMID 20215140.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  45. ^ Smolen, Josef S. (November 1, 2019). "Treat to Target in Rheumatology: A Historical Account on Occasion of the 10th Anniversary". Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America. 45 (4): 477–485. doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2019.07.001. PMID 31564291. S2CID 201965688 – via ScienceDirect.
  46. ^ Smolen, J. S.; Aletaha, D.; Bijlsma, J. W.; Breedveld, F. C.; Boumpas, D.; Burmester, G.; Combe, B.; Cutolo, M.; De Wit, M.; Dougados, M.; Emery, P.; Gibofsky, A.; Gomez-Reino, J. J.; Haraoui, B.; Kalden, J.; Keystone, E. C.; Kvien, T. K.; McInnes, I.; Martin-Mola, E.; Montecucco, C.; Schoels, M.; Van Der Heijde, D.; T2T Expert Committee (2010). "Treating rheumatoid arthritis to target: Recommendations of an international task force". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 69 (4): 631–637. doi:10.1136/ard.2009.123919. PMC 3015099. PMID 20215140.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  47. ^ Smolen, Josef S.; et al. (2016). "Treating rheumatoid arthritis to target: 2014 update of the recommendations of an international task force". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 75 (1): 3–15. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207524. PMC 4717393. PMID 25969430.
  48. ^ Luger, T. A.; Smolen, J. S.; Chused, T. M.; Steinberg, A. D.; Oppenheim, J. J. (August 1, 1982). "Human lymphocytes with either the OKT4 or OKT8 phenotype produce interleukin 2 in culture". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 70 (2): 470–473. doi:10.1172/JCI110637. PMC 371256. PMID 6808028 – via www.jci.org.
  49. ^ Stingl, L. A.; Sinska, A.; Landesmann, U.; Smolen, J. S. (1987). "Induction of interleukin 2 receptiveness and proliferation in resting peripheral T cells by monoclonal anti-CD3 (T3) antibodies does not require the presence of macrophages". Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 68 (1): 146–155. PMC 1542681. PMID 3115639.
  50. ^ Steiner, Günter; Smolen, Josef S. (December 1, 2002). "Neue Autoantikörper in der Diagnostik der rheumatoiden Arthritis". Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie. 61 (6): 667–673. doi:10.1007/s00393-002-0470-y. PMID 12491130. S2CID 39312761 – via Springer Link.
  51. ^ https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article/175/12/8327/73166/Aberrant-Expression-of-the-Autoantigen
  52. ^ a b Gärtner, Miriam; Fabrizii, Julia P.; Koban, Elisabeth; Holbik, Martin; Machold, Lorenz P.; Smolen, Josef S.; Machold, Klaus P. (March 1, 2012). "Immediate access rheumatology clinic: efficiency and outcomes". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 71 (3): 363–368. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200315. PMID 21989539. S2CID 12238392 – via ard.bmj.com.
  53. ^ Smolen, Josef S.; et al. (2023). "EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2022 update". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 82 (1): 3–18. doi:10.1136/ard-2022-223356. hdl:2158/1311887. PMID 36357155.
  54. ^ Smolen, J. S.; et al. (2020). "EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2019 update". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 79 (6): 685–699. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216655. hdl:2434/750456. PMID 31969328.
  55. ^ Smolen, J. S.; et al. (2017). "EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2016 update". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 76 (6): 960–977. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210715. hdl:2066/137860. PMID 28264816.
  56. ^ Smolen, Josef S.; Landewé, Robert; Breedveld, Ferdinand C.; Buch, Maya; Burmester, Gerd; Dougados, Maxime; Emery, Paul; Gaujoux-Viala, Cécile; Gossec, Laure; Nam, Jackie; Ramiro, Sofia; Winthrop, Kevin; Wit, Maarten de; Aletaha, Daniel; Betteridge, Neil; Bijlsma, Johannes W. J.; Boers, Maarten; Buttgereit, Frank; Combe, Bernard; Cutolo, Maurizio; Damjanov, Nemanja; Hazes, Johanna M. W.; Kouloumas, Marios; Kvien, Tore K.; Mariette, Xavier; Pavelka, Karel; Riel, Piet L. C. M. van; Rubbert-Roth, Andrea; Scholte-Voshaar, Marieke; Scott, David L.; Sokka-Isler, Tuulikki; Wong, John B.; Heijde, Désirée van der (March 1, 2014). "EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2013 update". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 73 (3): 492–509. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204573. PMC 3933074. PMID 24161836 – via ard.bmj.com.
  57. ^ Smolen, J. S.; et al. (2010). "EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 69 (6): 964–975. doi:10.1136/ard.2009.126532. PMC 2935329. PMID 20444750.
  58. ^ "Rheumatology, 2-Volume Set - 9780702081330". US Elsevier Health.
  59. ^ "Highly Cited Researchers". publons.com.
  60. ^ red, science ORF at/Agenturen (November 18, 2020). "Österreichs meistzitierte Forscher und Forscherinnen". science.ORF.at.
  61. ^ "Meet the Speakers: ORA 20th Annual Scientific Meeting – Ontario Rheumatology Association".
  62. ^ "Prof. Josef SMOLEN < 21st SSR-MSR Virtual Workshops in Rheumatology".
  63. ^ "rheuma-online.at: Carol-Nachman-Preis für Jane Salmon und Josef Smolen". www.rheuma-online.at.
  64. ^ "3. Conocimiento y resolución sobre la petición formulada por los Señores Concejales: Dra. Flor María Salazar y Dr. Gustavo Vega; relacionado con la entrega de las Llaves de la Ciudad al Dr. JOSEF S. SMOLEN. | GAD Municipal de Cuenca". www.cuenca.gob.ec.
  65. ^ "EULAR Meritorious Service Awards 2021". EurekAlert!.
  66. ^ https://web01.adot.ch/sysModules/obxContent/files/www.eular.2015/1_42291DEB-50E5-49AE-5726D0FAAA83A7D4/press_release_eular_2021_meritorious_service_awards_(1).pdf
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  86. ^ Holzer, Konrad. "FRITZI LÖW UND DIE WIENER BUCHKUNST – Flaneurin".
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