Latobici
The Latobici or Latovici (Gaulish: Latobicoi) were a Celtic tribe dwelling in Pannonia Superior, around present-day Drnovo (Slovenia), during the Roman period.
Name
[edit]They are mentioned as Latovici by Pliny (1st c. AD),[1] as Λατόβικοι (Latóbikoi) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD),[2] and as Latobici on an inscription from Neviodunum (modern Drnovo) dated to 117–130 AD.[3][4]
The ethnonym Latobici is a Latinized form of the Gaulish Latobicoi, which derives from the stem *lāto-, meaning 'furor, ardour' (cf. Old Irish láth, Welsh lawd),[5][6] probably after the name of the Celtic god Latobios (*Lātu-biyos 'Furious Striker').[7] Pierre-Yves Lambert has proposed to translate Latobici as 'the lineage of Latobios'.[8]
A homonym tribe, the Latobrigi (or Latobici), dwelled further northwest near the Helvetii. Whether they were actually related or even identical remains debated.[9]
Geography
[edit]The Latobici dwelled near the Krka river, around modern Drnovo, Trebnje, and Groblje pri Prekopi. Their territory was located north of the Colapiani, west of the Varciani, south of the Taurisci, east of the Rundictes.[10] Inscriptions and shrines dedicated to the god Mars Latobius found in the catchment area of the Lavant river and the ridge of the Koralpe mountains may suggest that the Latobici originally lived around Virunum and Flavia Solva as late as the 1st century BC, from which they either extended their territory southward or emigrated to the region of Drnovo in Roman times.[9]
During the reign of Augustus (27 BC–14 AD), a city-like settlement known as municipium Latobicorum (tribus Quirina) arose as a centre of the tribal area at the site of present-day Drnovo. It was called Neviodunum (Gaulish: 'new fortress') from the time of Vespasian (69–79 AD).[11] Other settlements are known at Praetorium Latobicorum (modern Trebnje) and at Crucium (Groblje pri Prekopi).[10]
References
[edit]- ^ Pliny. Naturalis Historia, 3:148.
- ^ Ptolemy. Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis, 2:14:2.
- ^ CIL 03:10804.
- ^ Falileyev 2010, s.v. Latobici.
- ^ Delamarre 2003, p. 198.
- ^ Matasović 2009, p. 233.
- ^ de Bernardo Stempel 2015, pp. 94–95.
- ^ Lambert 1994, p. 34.
- ^ a b Vetters 1977, pp. 305–307.
- ^ a b Talbert 2000, Map 20: Pannonia-Dalmatia.
- ^ Burian 2006.
- Bibliography
- Burian, Jan (2006). "Latobici". Brill's New Pauly. doi:10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e632480.
- de Bernardo Stempel, Patrizia (2015). "Zu den keltisch benannten Stämmen im Umfeld des oberen Donauraums". In Lohner-Urban, Ute; Scherrer, Peter (eds.). Der obere Donauraum 50 v. bis 50 n. Chr. Frank & Timme. ISBN 978-3-7329-0143-2.
- Delamarre, Xavier (2003). Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental. Errance. ISBN 9782877723695.
- Falileyev, Alexander (2010). Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-names: A Celtic Companion to the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. CMCS. ISBN 978-0955718236.
- Lambert, Pierre-Yves (1994). La langue gauloise: description linguistique, commentaire d'inscriptions choisies. Errance. ISBN 978-2-87772-089-2.
- Matasović, Ranko (2009). Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic. Brill. ISBN 9789004173361.
- Talbert, Richard J. A. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691031699.
- Vetters, Hermann (1977). "Virunum". In Temporini, Hildegard (ed.). Politische Geschichte (Provinzen und Randvölker: Lateinischer Donau-Balkanraum). De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-085288-2.
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