List of battleships of World War I
Appearance
This is a list of battleships of the First World War. All displacements are at standard load, in metric tonnes, so as to avoid confusion over their relative displacements. [Note: Not all displacements have been adjusted to match this yet]. Ideally displacements will be as they were at either the end of the war, or when the ship was sunk.
The list includes armed vessels that served during the war and in the immediate aftermath, inclusive of localized ongoing combat operations, garrison surrenders, post-surrender occupation, colony re-occupation, troop and prisoner repatriation. Some uncompleted battleships are included, out of historic interest.
Ship | Operator | Class | Type | Displacement (tonnes) | First commissioned | End of service | Fate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Africa | Royal Navy | King Edward VII | pre-dreadnought | 16,140 | 6 November 1906 | Paid off November 1918, sold for scrap 30 June 1920 | |
Agamemnon | Lord Nelson | pre-dreadnought | 15,604 | 25 June 1908 | 20 March 1919 | Sold for scrap 24 January 1927 | |
Agincourt | dreadnought | 28,297 | 7 August 1914 | 7 April 1922 | Sold for scrap 19 December 1922 | ||
Ajax | King George V | super-dreadnought | 25,830 | 31 October 1913 | Paid off October 1926, broken up 14 December 1926 | ||
Aki | Imperial Japanese Navy | Satsuma | semi-dreadnought | 20,400 | 11 March 1911 | 20 September 1923 | Sunk as target ship 2 September 1924 |
Alabama | United States Navy | Illinois | pre-dreadnought | 11,751 | 16 October 1900 | 7 May 1920 | Sunk as target 27 September 1921, sold for scrap 19 March 1924 |
Albemarle | Royal Navy | Duncan | pre-dreadnought | 13,966 | 12 November 1903 | Paid off April 1919, sold for scrap 19 November 1919 | |
Albion | Canopus | pre-dreadnought | 13,360 | 25 June 1901 | Paid off August 1919, sold for scrap 11 December 1919 | ||
Alfonso XIII | Spanish Navy | España | dreadnought | 15,700 | 16 August 1915 | 30 April 1937 | Sunk by mine 30 April 1937 |
Ammiraglio di Saint Bon | Regia Marina | Ammiraglio di Saint Bon | pre-dreadnought | 10,244 | 1 February 1901 | 18 June 1920 | Stricken 18 June 1920 and scrapped |
Andrea Doria | Andrea Doria | dreadnought | 23,324 | 13 March 1916 | 16 September 1956 | Scrapped 1956 | |
Andrei Pervozvanny | Imperial Russian Navy | Andrei Pervozvanny | pre-dreadnought | 17,600 | 10 March 1911 | 18 August 1919 | Scrapped 15 December 1923 |
Arizona | United States Navy | Pennsylvania | super-dreadnought | 29,626 | 17 October 1916 | 7 December 1941 | Sunk 7 December 1941; war memorial |
Arkansas | Wyoming | dreadnought | 26,417 | 17 September 1912 | 29 July 1946 | Stricken 15 August 1946, sunk as nuclear bomb target 25 July 1946 | |
Árpád | Austro-Hungarian Navy | Habsburg | pre-dreadnought | 8,364 | 15 June 1903 | Ceded to Great Britain 1919, scrapped 1921 | |
Asahi | Imperial Japanese Navy | pre-dreadnought | 15,400 | 28 April 1900 | 1 April 1923 | Sunk by submarine 26 May 1942 | |
Audacious | Royal Navy | King George V | super-dreadnought | 25,830 | 15 October 1913 | 27 October 1914 | Sunk by mine 27 October 1914 |
Babenberg | Austro-Hungarian Navy | Habsburg | pre-dreadnought | 8,364 | 15 April 1904 | Ceded to Great Britain 1919, scrapped 1921 | |
Barbaros Hayreddin | Ottoman Navy | Brandenburg | pre-dreadnought | 10,013 | 29 April 1894 | 8 August 1915 | Sunk by submarine 8 August 1915 |
Baden | Imperial German Navy | Bayern | super-dreadnought | 28,530 | 14 March 1917 | 21 June 1919 | Seized by Great Britain 21 June 1919, sunk as target 16 August 1921 |
Bayern | super-dreadnought | 28,530 | 15 July 1916 | 21 June 1919 | Scuttled at Scapa Flow 21 June 1919, raised 1 September 1934, broken up 1935 | ||
Barham | Royal Navy | Queen Elizabeth | super-dreadnought | 33,110 | 19 October 1915 | 25 November 1941 | Sunk by submarine 25 November 1941 |
Bellerophon | Bellerophon | dreadnought | 18,894 | 27 February 1909 | March 1921 | Sold for scrap 8 November 1921 | |
Benbow | Iron Duke | super-dreadnought | 25,400 | 7 October 1914 | Paid off September 1930, broken up March 1931 | ||
Benedetto Brin | Regia Marina | Regina Margherita | pre-dreadnought | 14,973 | 1 September 1905 | 27 September 1915 | Destroyed by explosion 27 September 1915 |
Bouvet | French Navy | pre-dreadnought | 12,200 | 27 July 1898 | 18 March 1915 | Sunk 18 March 1915 | |
Brandenburg | Imperial German Navy | Brandenburg | pre-dreadnought | 10,013 | 19 November 1893 | 20 December 1915 | Paid off 13 May 1919, scrapped 1920 |
Braunschweig | Braunschweig | pre-dreadnought | 13,208 | 15 October 1904 | 31 March 1931 | Stricken 31 March 1931, scrapped | |
Bretagne | French Navy | Bretagne | super-dreadnought | 23,936 | 10 February 1916 | 3 July 1940 | Sunk 3 July 1940, scrapped 1952–1954 |
Britannia | Royal Navy | King Edward VII | pre-dreadnought | 16,140 | 8 September 1906 | 9 November 1918 | Sunk by submarine 9 November 1918 |
Bulwark | London | pre-dreadnought | 14,700 | 18 March 1902 | 26 November 1914 | Sunk by magazine explosion 26 November 1914 | |
Caesar | Majestic | pre-dreadnought | 16,320 | 13 January 1898 | 23 April 1920 | Sold for scrap 8 November 1921 | |
Canada | Almirante Latorre | super-dreadnought | 28,600 | 15 October 1915 | 1 October 1958 | Resold to Chile as Almirante Latorre April 1920, sold for scrap February 1959 | |
Canopus | Canopus | pre-dreadnought | 13,360 | 5 December 1899 | 22 April 1916 | Sold for scrap 18 February 1920 | |
Capitán Prat | Chilean Navy | ironclad battleship | 6,901 | 1 May 1893 | Paid off 1935, sold for scrap 1942 | ||
Centurion | Royal Navy | King George V | super-dreadnought | 25,830 | 22 May 1913 | 9 June 1944 | Scuttled as a "Mulberry" breakwater 9 June 1944 |
Charlemagne | French Navy | Charlemagne | pre-dreadnought | 11,275 | 12 September 1899 | 1 November 1917 | Stricken 21 June 1920, sold for scrap 1923 |
Chesma | Imperial Russian Navy | Petropavlovsk | pre-dreadnought | 11,700 | 16 June 1900 | 16 June 1921 | Stricken 3 July 1924 and scrapped |
Collingwood | Royal Navy | St Vincent | dreadnought | 20,000 | 19 April 1910 | 31 March 1922 | Sold for scrap 12 December 1922 |
Colossus | Colossus | dreadnought | 20,350 | 8 August 1911 | 23 July 1923 | Broken up 5 September 1928 | |
Commonwealth | King Edward VII | pre-dreadnought | 16,140 | 9 May 1905 | Paid off February 1921, sold for scrap 18 November 1921 | ||
Conqueror | Orion | super-dreadnought | 22,274 | 23 November 1912 | Paid off June 1922, broken up 30 January 1923 | ||
Condorcet | French Navy | Danton | semi-dreadnought | 18,754 | 25 July 1911 | Sunk 7 March 1944, refloated September 1945, scrapped 1946–1949 | |
Connecticut | United States Navy | Connecticut | pre-dreadnought | 16,000 | 29 September 1906 | 1 March 1923 | Sold for scrap 1 November 1923 |
Conte di Cavour | Regia Marina | Conte di Cavour | dreadnought | 23,458 | 1 April 1915 | 8 September 1943 | Capsized 23 February 1945, scrapped 1946 |
Cornwallis | Royal Navy | Duncan | pre-dreadnought | 13,966 | 9 February 1904 | 9 January 1917 | Sunk by submarine 9 January 1917 |
Courbet | French Navy | Courbet | dreadnought | 23,475 | 19 November 1913 | 1 January 1941 | Scuttled as a "Gooseberry" breakwater 6 June 1944 |
Cristoforo Colombo | Regia Marina | Francesco Caracciolo | super-dreadnought | 31,400 | Laid down 14 March 1915, dismantled on the slipway post-war | ||
Dante Alighieri | dreadnought | 19,552 | 15 January 1913 | 1 July 1928 | Scrapped 1928 | ||
Danton | French Navy | Danton | semi-dreadnought | 18,754 | 1 June 1911 | 19 March 1917 | Sunk by submarine 19 March 1917 |
Delaware | United States Navy | Delaware | dreadnought | 20,707 | 4 April 1910 | 10 November 1923 | Sold for scrap 5 February 1924 |
Démocratie | French Navy | Liberté | pre-dreadnought | 14,900 | 9 January 1908 | 1 April 1920 | Stricken 18 May 1921, sold for scrap |
Deutschland | Imperial German Navy | Deutschland | pre-dreadnought | 13,191 | 3 August 1906 | 10 September 1917 | Stricken 25 January 1920 and sold for scrap |
Diderot | French Navy | Danton | semi-dreadnought | 18,754 | 25 July 1911 | 17 March 1937 | Scrapped 31 August 1937 |
Dominion | Royal Navy | King Edward VII | pre-dreadnought | 16,140 | 15 August 1905 | 2 May 1918 | Broken up 28 October 1924 |
Dreadnought | dreadnought | 18,410 | 2 December 1906 | 7 August 1918 | Broken up 2 January 1923 | ||
Duilio | Regia Marina | Andrea Doria | dreadnought | 23,324 | 10 May 1915 | 15 September 1956 | Scrapped 1957 |
Duncan | Royal Navy | Duncan | pre-dreadnought | 13,966 | 8 October 1903 | Paid off March 1919, sold for scrap 18 February 1920 | |
Elsass | Imperial German Navy | Braunschweig | pre-dreadnought | 13,208 | 29 November 1904 | 25 February 1930 | Stricken 31 March 1931, scrapped 1936 |
Emanuele Filiberto | Regia Marina | Ammiraglio di Saint Bon | pre-dreadnought | 9,800 | 6 September 1901 | 29 March 1920 | Stricken 29 March 1920 and scrapped |
Emperor of India | Royal Navy | Iron Duke | super-dreadnought | 25,400 | 10 November 1914 | 6 June 1931 | Sunk as target 1931, raised and broken up February 1932 |
Enrico Dandolo | Regia Marina | Duilio | ironclad battleship | 10,679 | 11 April 1882 | 23 January 1920 | Stricken 23 January 1920 and scrapped |
Erin | Royal Navy | Reşadiye | dreadnought | 23,150 | 19 August 1914 | May 1922 | Sold for scrap 19 December 1922 |
Erzherzog Ferdinand Max | Austro-Hungarian Navy | Erzherzog Karl | pre-dreadnought | 10,640 | 21 December 1907 | Ceded to Great Britain 1919, scrapped 1921 | |
Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand | Radetzky | pre-dreadnought | 14,741 | 5 June 1910 | Ceded to Italy September 1919, scrapped 1926 | ||
Erzherzog Friedrich | Erzherzog Karl | pre-dreadnought | 10,640 | 31 January 1907 | Ceded to France 1920, scrapped 1921 | ||
Erzherzog Karl | pre-dreadnought | 10,640 | 17 June 1906 | Ceded to France 1919, scrapped 1921 | |||
España | Spanish Navy | España | dreadnought | 15,700 | 23 October 1913 | 26 August 1923 | Run aground 26 August 1923, partially scrapped in situ |
Evstafi | Imperial Russian Navy | Evstafi | pre-dreadnought | 13,061 | 28 May 1911 | March 1918 | Renamed Revolyutsiya 6 July 1921, scrapped 1922–1923 |
Exmouth | Royal Navy | Duncan | pre-dreadnought | 13,966 | 2 June 1903 | Paid off August 1917, sold for scrap 15 January 1920 | |
Fatih Sultan Mehmed | Ottoman Navy | Reşadiye | dreadnought | 23,000 | Laid down 11 June 1914, work halted July 1914, dismantled on the slipway August 1914 | ||
Flandre | French Navy | Normandie | super-dreadnought | 25,250 | Launched 20 October 1914, broken up October 1924 | ||
Florida | United States Navy | Florida | dreadnought | 22,175 | 15 September 1911 | 16 February 1931 | Stricken 6 April 1931, scrapped 1931–1932 |
Formidable | Royal Navy | Formidable | pre-dreadnought | 14,700 | 10 October 1901 | 1 January 1915 | Sunk by submarine 1 January 1915 |
France | French Navy | Courbet | dreadnought | 23,475 | 1 July 1914 | 15 August 1935 | Foundered 26 August 1922 |
Francesco Caracciolo | Regia Marina | Francesco Caracciolo | super-dreadnought | 31,400 | Laid down 16 October 1914, launched 12 May 1920, broken up 1926 | ||
Francesco Morosini | super-dreadnought | 31,400 | Laid down 27 June 1915, dismantled on the slipway post-war | ||||
Friedrich der Grosse | Imperial German Navy | Kaiser | dreadnought | 24,724 | 15 October 1912 | 21 June 1919 | Scuttled at Scapa Flow 21 June 1919, raised and broken up 1936 |
Fuji | Imperial Japanese Navy | Fuji | pre-dreadnought | 12,430 | 8 August 1897 | 1 September 1922 | Hulked 1922, scrapped 1948 |
Fusō | Fusō | super-dreadnought | 29,797 | 8 November 1915 | 25 October 1944 | Sunk 25 October 1944 | |
Gangut | Imperial Russian Navy | Gangut | dreadnought | 24,800 | 11 January 1915 | 17 February 1956 | Renamed as Oktyabrskaya Revolutsiya 27 June 1925, scrapped 1956 |
Gascogne | French Navy | Normandie | super-dreadnought | 25,250 | Launched 20 September 1914, broken up 1923–1924 | ||
Gaulois | Charlemagne | pre-dreadnought | 11,275 | 15 January 1899 | 27 December 1916 | Sunk by submarine 27 December 1916 | |
Georgia | United States Navy | Virginia | pre-dreadnought | 15,188 | 24 September 1906 | 15 July 1920 | Sold for scrap 1 November 1923 |
Georgii Pobedonosets | Imperial Russian Navy | Ekaterina II | pre-dreadnought | 11,209 | 1 September 1893 | December 1920 | Sold for scrap 1930–1936 |
Giulio Cesare | Regia Marina | Conte di Cavour | dreadnought | 23,458 | 14 May 1914 | 29 October 1955 | Ceded to Soviet Union as Novorossiysk 4 February 1949, sunk by explosion 29 October 1955 |
Glory | Royal Navy | Canopus | pre-dreadnought | 13,360 | 1 November 1900 | 17 September 1921 | Renamed as HMS Crescent April 1920, sold for scrap 19 December 1922 |
Goliath | pre-dreadnought | 13,360 | 27 March 1900 | 13 May 1915 | Sunk by torpedo 13 May 1915 | ||
Grosser Kurfürst | Imperial German Navy | König | dreadnought | 25,796 | 30 July 1914 | 21 June 1919 | Scuttled at Scapa Flow 21 June 1919, raised 29 April 1938, sold for scrap |
Habsburg | Austro-Hungarian Navy | Habsburg | pre-dreadnought | 8,364 | 31 December 1902 | Ceded to Great Britain 1919, scrapped 1921 | |
Hannibal | Royal Navy | Majestic | pre-dreadnought | 16,320 | 1 April 1898 | 25 October 1919 | Sold for scrap 28 January 1920 |
Hannover | Imperial German Navy | Deutschland | pre-dreadnought | 13,191 | 1 October 1907 | 25 September 1931 | Stricken 1936, scrapped 1944–1946 |
Helgoland | Helgoland | dreadnought | 22,808 | 23 August 1911 | 16 December 1918 | Ceded to Great Britain 5 August 1920, scrapped 3 March 1921 | |
Henri IV | French Navy | pre-dreadnought | 8,948 | 1 September 1903 | Stricken 1920, scrapped 15 January 1921 | ||
Hercules | Royal Navy | Colossus | dreadnought | 20,350 | 31 July 1911 | October 1921 | Sold for scrap 8 November 1921 |
Hessen | Imperial German Navy | Braunschweig | pre-dreadnought | 13,208 | 19 September 1905 | Ceded to Soviet Union as Tsel 2 January 1946, scrapped 1960 | |
Hibernia | Royal Navy | King Edward VII | pre-dreadnought | 16,140 | 2 January 1907 | Paid off October 1917, sold for scrap 8 November 1921 | |
Hindustan | pre-dreadnought | 16,140 | 22 August 1905 | 15 May 1918 | Broken up 14 October 1923 | ||
Hizen | Imperial Japanese Navy | pre-dreadnought | 12,985 | 23 March 1902 | 20 September 1923 | Sunk as target 25 July 1924 | |
Hyūga | Ise | super-dreadnought | 30,460 | 30 April 1918 | 27 July 1945 | Sunk 27 July 1945, scrapped 1946–1947 | |
Iki | Imperator Aleksandr II | pre-dreadnought | 9,748 | 1 July 1891 | 1 May 1915 | Stricken 1 May 1915, sunk as target 3 October 1915 | |
Illinois | United States Navy | Illinois | pre-dreadnought | 11,751 | 16 September 1901 | 15 May 1920 | Renamed as Prairie State 8 January 1941, stricken 31 December 1955, sold for scrap 18 May 1956 |
Illustrious | Royal Navy | Majestic | pre-dreadnought | 16,320 | 15 April 1898 | 21 April 1919 | Sold for scrap 18 June 1920 |
Imperator Aleksandr II | Imperial Russian Navy | Imperator Aleksandr II | pre-dreadnought | 9,392 | 1 June 1891 | 21 April 1921 | Renamed as Zarya Svobody 9 May 1917, sold for scrap 22 August 1922 |
Imperator Aleksandr III | Imperatritsa Mariya | dreadnought | 23,789 | 17 July 1917 | 29 December 1920 | Renamed as Volia 29 April 1917, acquired successively by numerous factions, renamed as General Alekseyev 1 November 1919, scrapped 1936 | |
Imperator Nikolai I | dreadnought | 27,830 | Launched 18 October 1916, renamed as Demokratiya 29 April 1917, broken up 28 June 1927 | ||||
Imperator Pavel I | Andrei Pervozvanny | pre-dreadnought | 17,600 | 10 March 1911 | October 1918 | Renamed as Respublika 29 April 1917, scrapped 22 November 1923 | |
Imperatritsa Ekaterina Velikaya | Imperatritsa Mariya | dreadnought | 25,039 | 18 October 1915 | 19 June 1918 | Renamed as Svobodnaya Rossiya 29 April 1917, scuttled 19 June 1918 | |
Imperatritsa Mariya | dreadnought | 23,789 | 10 June 1915 | 20 October 1916 | Sunk by magazine explosion 20 October 1916, refloated 18 May 1918, scrapped 1926 | ||
Ioann Zlatoust | Evstafi | pre-dreadnought | 13,061 | 1 April 1911 | March 1918 | Scrapped 1922–1923 | |
Indiana | United States Navy | Indiana | pre-dreadnought | 10,453 | 20 November 1895 | 31 January 1919 | Sunk as target ship 1 November 1920, sold for scrap 19 March 1924 |
Iowa | pre-dreadnought | 11,590 | 16 June 1897 | 31 March 1919 | Sunk as target ship 23 March 1923 | ||
Implacable | Royal Navy | Formidable | pre-dreadnought | 14,700 | 10 September 1901 | 4 February 1920 | Sold for scrap 8 November 1921 |
Iron Duke | Iron Duke | super-dreadnought | 25,400 | 10 March 1914 | 17 October 1939 | Paid off March 1946, broken up 1949 | |
Irresistible | Formidable | pre-dreadnought | 14,700 | 4 February 1902 | 18 March 1915 | Sunk by mine 18 March 1915 | |
Ise | Imperial Japanese Navy | Ise | super-dreadnought | 30,460 | 15 December 1917 | 28 July 1945 | Sunk 28 July 1945, scrapped 1946–1947 |
Italia | Regia Marina | Italia | ironclad battleship | 13,897 | 16 October 1885 | 16 November 1921 | Stricken 16 November 1921 and scrapped |
Iwami | Imperial Japanese Navy | Borodino | pre-dreadnought | 13,700 | 1 October 1904 | 1 September 1922 | Sunk as target 10 July 1924 |
Jauréguiberry | French Navy | pre-dreadnought | 11,818 | 16 February 1897 | 30 March 1919 | Stricken 20 June 1920, sold for scrap 23 June 1934 | |
Jean Bart | Courbet | dreadnought | 23,475 | 19 November 1913 | 15 August 1935 | Scrapped 14 December 1945 | |
Justice | Liberté | pre-dreadnought | 14,900 | 15 April 1908 | 1 March 1921 | Sold for scrap 30 December 1921 | |
Jupiter | Royal Navy | Majestic | pre-dreadnought | 16,320 | 8 June 1897 | Paid off April 1919, sold for scrap 15 January 1920 | |
Kaiser | Imperial German Navy | Kaiser | dreadnought | 24,724 | 1 August 1912 | 21 June 1919 | Scuttled at Scapa Flow 21 June 1919, raised 1929, broken up 1930 |
Kaiserin | dreadnought | 24,724 | 14 May 1913 | 21 June 1919 | Scuttled at Scapa Flow 21 June 1919, raised and broken up 1936 | ||
Kaiser Barbarossa | Kaiser Friedrich III | pre-dreadnought | 11,097 | 10 June 1901 | 19 November 1915 | Stricken 6 December 1919, scrapped 1919–1920 | |
Kaiser Friedrich III | pre-dreadnought | 11,097 | 7 October 1898 | 20 November 1915 | Stricken 6 December 1919, scrapped 1920 | ||
Kaiser Karl der Grosse | pre-dreadnought | 11,097 | 4 February 1902 | 19 November 1915 | Stricken 6 December 1919, scrapped 1920 | ||
Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse | pre-dreadnought | 11,097 | 5 May 1901 | 30 April 1915 | Stricken 6 December 1919, scrapped 1920 | ||
Kaiser Wilhelm II | pre-dreadnought | 11,097 | 13 February 1900 | 10 September 1920 | Stricken 17 March 1921, scrapped 1922 | ||
Kansas | United States Navy | Connecticut | pre-dreadnought | 16,000 | 18 April 1907 | 16 December 1921 | Sold for scrap 1924 |
Kashima | Imperial Japanese Navy | Katori | pre-dreadnought | 19,683 | 23 May 1906 | 20 September 1923 | Scrapped 24 November 1924 |
Katori | pre-dreadnought | 16,210 | 20 May 1906 | 20 September 1923 | Scrapped 29 January 1925 | ||
Kawachi | Kawachi | dreadnought | 22,183 | 31 March 1912 | 12 July 1918 | Sunk by magazine explosion 12 July 1918 | |
Kearsarge | United States Navy | Kearsarge | pre-dreadnought | 11,730 | 20 February 1900 | 10 May 1920 | Converted to crane ship 17 July 1920, sold for scrap 9 August 1955 |
Kentucky | pre-dreadnought | 11,730 | 15 May 1900 | 29 May 1920 | Sold for scrap 24 March 1923 | ||
Kilkis | Royal Hellenic Navy | Mississippi | pre-dreadnought | 13,209 | 1 February 1908 | 23 April 1941 | Sunk 23 April 1941, wreck was refloated and scrapped 1950s |
King Edward VII | Royal Navy | King Edward VII | pre-dreadnought | 16,140 | 7 February 1905 | 6 January 1916 | Sunk by mine 6 January 1916 |
King George V | King George V | super-dreadnought | 25,830 | 16 November 1912 | 26 October 1926 | Paid off 1 December 1926, broken up 27 January 1927 | |
König | Imperial German Navy | König | dreadnought | 25,796 | 10 August 1914 | 21 June 1919 | Scuttled at Scapa Flow 21 June 1919 |
König Albert | Kaiser | dreadnought | 24,724 | 31 July 1913 | 21 June 1919 | Scuttled at Scapa Flow 21 June 1919, raised 31 July 1935, broken up 1936 | |
Kronprinz | König | dreadnought | 25,796 | 8 November 1914 | 21 June 1919 | Renamed to Kronprinz Wilhelm June 1918, scuttled at Scapa Flow 21 June 1919 | |
Languedoc | French Navy | Normandie | super-dreadnought | 25,250 | Launched 1 May 1915, broken up June 1929 | ||
Lemnos | Royal Hellenic Navy | Mississippi | pre-dreadnought | 13,209 | 1 April 1908 | 23 April 1941 | Sunk 23 April 1941, wreck was refloated and scrapped 1950s |
Leonardo da Vinci | Regia Marina | Conte di Cavour | dreadnought | 23,458 | 17 May 1914 | 2 August 1916 | Sunk by explosion 2 August 1916, refloated 17 September 1919, sold for scrapping 26 March 1923 |
London | Royal Navy | London | pre-dreadnought | 14,700 | 7 June 1902 | 31 March 1920 | Sold for scrap 4 June 1920 |
Lord Nelson | Lord Nelson | pre-dreadnought | 15,604 | 1 December 1908 | Paid off August 1919, sold for scrap 4 June 1920 | ||
Lorraine | French Navy | Bretagne | super-dreadnought | 23,936 | 10 March 1916 | 17 February 1953 | Scrapped January 1954 |
Lothringen | Imperial German Navy | Braunschweig | pre-dreadnought | 13,208 | 18 May 1906 | 2 March 1920 | Stricken 31 March 1931, scrapped |
Louisiana | United States Navy | Connecticut | pre-dreadnought | 16,000 | 2 June 1906 | 20 October 1920 | Sold for scrap 1 November 1923 |
Maine | Maine | pre-dreadnought | 13,052 | 29 December 1902 | 15 May 1920 | Sold for scrap 23 January 1922 | |
Magnificent | Royal Navy | Majestic | pre-dreadnought | 16,320 | 12 December 1895 | 4 February 1920 | Sold for scrap 9 May 1921 |
Majestic | pre-dreadnought | 16,320 | 12 December 1895 | 27 May 1915 | Sunk by submarine 27 May 1915 | ||
Malaya | Queen Elizabeth | super-dreadnought | 33,110 | 1 February 1916 | 1 December 1944 | Broken up 12 April 1948 | |
Marcantonio Colonna | Regia Marina | Francesco Caracciolo | super-dreadnought | 31,400 | Laid down 3 March 1915, dismantled on the slipway post-war | ||
Markgraf | Imperial German Navy | König | dreadnought | 25,796 | 1 October 1914 | 21 June 1919 | Scuttled at Scapa Flow 21 June 1919 |
Marlborough | Royal Navy | Iron Duke | super-dreadnought | 25,400 | 2 June 1914 | 5 June 1931 | Paid off May 1932, broken up 25 June 1932 |
Mars | Majestic | pre-dreadnought | 16,320 | 8 June 1897 | 7 July 1920 | Sold for scrap 9 May 1921 | |
Massachusetts | United States Navy | Indiana | pre-dreadnought | 10,453 | 10 June 1896 | 31 March 1919 | Scuttled 6 January 1921 |
Masséna | French Navy | pre-dreadnought | 11,920 | 25 May 1898 | 9 November 1915 | Scuttled 9 November 1915 | |
Mecklenburg | Imperial German Navy | Wittelsbach | pre-dreadnought | 11,774 | 25 June 1903 | 24 January 1916 | Stricken 25 January 1920, sold for scrap 16 August 1921 |
Mesudiye | Ottoman Navy | pre-dreadnought | 9,120 | 1 December 1875 | 13 December 1914 | Sunk by submarine 13 December 1914 | |
Michigan | United States Navy | South Carolina | dreadnought | 16,257 | 4 January 1910 | 11 February 1922 | Stricken 10 November 1923, scrapped 24 April 1924 |
Mikasa | Imperial Japanese Navy | pre-dreadnought | 15,380 | 1 March 1902 | 23 September 1923 | Preserved as museum ship 12 November 1926 | |
Minas Geraes | Brazilian Navy | Minas Geraes | dreadnought | 19,281 | 18 April 1910 | 16 May 1952 | Scrapped 1954 |
Minnesota | United States Navy | Connecticut | pre-dreadnought | 16,000 | 9 March 1907 | 1 December 1921 | Sold for scrap 23 January 1924 |
Mirabeau | French Navy | Danton | semi-dreadnought | 18,754 | 1 August 1911 | 22 August 1919 | Scrapped 28 April 1922 |
Mississippi | United States Navy | New Mexico | super-dreadnought | 32,514 | 18 December 1917 | 17 September 1956 | Sold for scrap 28 November 1956 |
Missouri | Maine | pre-dreadnought | 12,560 | 1 December 1903 | 8 September 1919 | Sold for scrap 26 January 1922 | |
Monarch | Royal Navy | Orion | super-dreadnought | 22,274 | 27 April 1912 | 13 June 1923 | Sunk as target 21 January 1925 |
Moreno | Argentine Navy | Rivadavia | dreadnought | 27,900 | 26 February 1915 | 1 October 1956 | Sold for scrap 11 January 1957 |
Napoli | Regia Marina | Regina Elena | pre-dreadnought | 12,658 | 1 September 1908 | 3 September 1926 | Scrapped 1926 |
Nassau | Imperial German Navy | Nassau | dreadnought | 18,873 | 1 October 1909 | 7 April 1920 | Ceded to Japan 7 April 1920, sold for scrap June 1920 |
Nebraska | United States Navy | Virginia | pre-dreadnought | 15,188 | 1 July 1907 | 2 July 1920 | Sold for scrap 9 November 1923 |
Neptune | Royal Navy | dreadnought | 20,000 | 11 January 1911 | 1 February 1919 | Broken up 22 September 1922 | |
Nevada | United States Navy | Nevada | super-dreadnought | 27,941 | 11 March 1916 | 29 August 1946 | Sunk as target 31 July 1948 |
New Hampshire | Connecticut | pre-dreadnought | 16,000 | 19 March 1908 | 21 May 1921 | Sold for scrap 1 November 1923 | |
New Jersey | Virginia | pre-dreadnought | 15,188 | 12 May 1906 | 6 August 1920 | Sunk as target 5 September 1923 | |
New Mexico | New Mexico | super-dreadnought | 32,514 | 20 May 1918 | 19 July 1946 | Scrapped 24 November 1947 | |
New York | New York | super-dreadnought | 27,000 | 15 May 1914 | 29 August 1946 | Sunk as target 6 July 1948 | |
North Dakota | Delaware | dreadnought | 20,707 | 11 April 1910 | 22 November 1923 | Sold for scrap 16 March 1931 | |
Normandie | French Navy | Normandie | super-dreadnought | 25,250 | Launched 19 October 1914, broken up 1924–1925 | ||
Ocean | Royal Navy | Canopus | pre-dreadnought | 13,360 | 20 February 1900 | 18 March 1915 | Sunk by mine 18 March 1915 |
Ohio | United States Navy | Maine | pre-dreadnought | 12,927 | 4 October 1904 | 31 May 1922 | Sold for scrap 24 March 1923 |
Oklahoma | Nevada | super-dreadnought | 27,941 | 2 May 1916 | 7 December 1941 | Sunk 7 December 1941, decommissioned 1 September 1944, raised and sunk under tow 1947 | |
Oldenburg | Imperial German Navy | Helgoland | dreadnought | 22,808 | 1 May 1912 | 5 November 1919 | Ceded to Japan 13 May 1920, scrapped 1921 |
Ostfriesland | dreadnought | 22,808 | 1 August 1911 | 20 September 1920 | Ceded to United States and recommissioned 7 April 1920, sunk as target 21 July 1921 | ||
Oregon | United States Navy | Indiana | pre-dreadnought | 10,453 | 15 July 1896 | 12 June 1919 | Preserved as museum ship June 1925, requisitioned March 1943, sold for scrap 15 March 1956 |
Orion | Royal Navy | Orion | super-dreadnought | 22,274 | 2 January 1912 | 12 April 1922 | Sold for scrap 19 December 1922 |
Panteleimon | Imperial Russian Navy | pre-dreadnought | 13,100 | 20 May 1905 | 19 April 1919 | Renamed as Potemkin-Tavricheskiy 13 April 1917 and as Borets za svobodu 11 May 1917, scrapped 1923 | |
Paris | French Navy | Courbet | dreadnought | 23,475 | 1 August 1914 | 21 December 1955 | Scrapped June 1956 |
Patrie | République | pre-dreadnought | 14,900 | 1 July 1907 | 20 June 1924 | Sold for scrap 25 September 1937 | |
Pelayo | Spanish Navy | ironclad battleship | 9,901 | 9 September 1888 | 1 August 1924 | Scrapped April 1926 | |
Pennsylvania | United States Navy | Pennsylvania | super-dreadnought | 29,626 | 12 June 1916 | 29 August 1946 | Sunk as target 10 February 1948 |
Peresvet | Imperial Russian Navy | Peresvet | pre-dreadnought | 14,030 | 6 August 1901 | 4 January 1917 | Sunk by submarine 4 January 1917 |
Petropavlovsk | Gangut | dreadnought | 24,800 | 5 January 1915 | 4 September 1953 | Renamed as Marat 31 March 1921, sunk 23 September 1941 and later rear part refloated, scrapped September 1953 | |
Poltava | dreadnought | 24,800 | 30 December 1914 | 1 December 1940 | Renamed as Frunze 7 January 1926, scrapped 1949 | ||
Pommern | Imperial German Navy | Deutschland | pre-dreadnought | 13,191 | 6 August 1907 | 1 June 1916 | Sunk 1 June 1916 |
Posen | Nassau | dreadnought | 18,873 | 31 May 1910 | 16 December 1918 | Ceded to Great Britain 13 May 1920, scrapped 1922 | |
Preussen | Braunschweig | pre-dreadnought | 13,208 | 12 July 1905 | 5 April 1929 | Stricken 5 April 1929, scrapped 1931 | |
Prince George | Royal Navy | Majestic | pre-dreadnought | 16,320 | 26 November 1896 | 21 February 1920 | Sold for scrap 22 September 1921 |
Prince of Wales | London | pre-dreadnought | 14,380 | 18 May 1904 | 10 November 1919 | Sold for scrap 12 April 1920 | |
Prinz Eugen | Austro-Hungarian Navy | Tegetthoff | dreadnought | 20,000 | 8 July 1914 | 10 November 1918 | Ceded to France 25 August 1920, sunk as target 28 June 1922 |
Prinzregent Luitpold | Imperial German Navy | Kaiser | dreadnought | 24,724 | 19 August 1913 | 21 June 1919 | Scuttled at Scapa Flow 21 June 1919, raised 9 July 1931, broken up 1933 |
Provence | French Navy | Bretagne | super-dreadnought | 23,936 | 1 March 1916 | 27 November 1942 | Scuttled 27 November 1942, refloated April 1949 and scrapped |
Queen | Royal Navy | London | pre-dreadnought | 14,380 | 7 April 1904 | Paid off March 1920, broken up 5 August 1921 | |
Queen Elizabeth | Queen Elizabeth | super-dreadnought | 33,110 | 22 December 1914 | 15 May 1948 | Sold for scrap July 1948 | |
Radetzky | Austro-Hungarian Navy | Radetzky | pre-dreadnought | 14,741 | 15 January 1911 | 7 November 1920 | Surrendered to United States and recommissioned 22 November 1919, ceded to Italy 7 November 1920, scrapped 1920–1921 |
Ramillies | Royal Navy | Revenge | super-dreadnought | 30,060 | 1 September 1917 | 31 August 1945 | Paid off 31 August 1945, scrapped 1949 |
Redoubtable | Royal Sovereign | pre-dreadnought | 14,380 | 14 January 1896 | Paid off February 1919, sold for scrap 6 November 1919 | ||
Re Umberto | Regia Marina | Re Umberto | ironclad battleship | 13,892 | 16 February 1893 | 4 July 1920 | Stricken 4 July 1920 and scrapped |
Regina Elena | Regina Elena | pre-dreadnought | 12,658 | 11 September 1907 | 16 February 1923 | Scrapped 1923 | |
Regina Margherita | Regina Margherita | pre-dreadnought | 14,319 | 14 April 1904 | 11 December 1916 | Sunk by mine 11 December 1916 | |
République | French Navy | République | pre-dreadnought | 14,605 | 12 January 1907 | 21 May 1921 | Stricken 29 June 1921, scrapped November 1921 |
Resolution | Royal Navy | Revenge | super-dreadnought | 30,060 | 7 December 1916 | February 1948 | Scrapped 1949 |
Revenge | super-dreadnought | 30,060 | 1 February 1916 | March 1948 | Scrapped 1948 | ||
Rheinland | Imperial German Navy | Nassau | dreadnought | 18,873 | 30 April 1910 | 4 October 1918 | Ceded to the Allies, scrapped 1921 |
Rhode Island | United States Navy | Virginia | pre-dreadnought | 15,188 | 19 February 1906 | 30 June 1920 | Sold for scrap 1 November 1923 |
Rivadavia | Argentine Navy | Rivadavia | dreadnought | 27,900 | 27 August 1914 | 1 February 1957 | Sold for scrap 30 May 1957 |
Roma | Regia Marina | Regina Elena | pre-dreadnought | 12,658 | 17 December 1908 | 3 September 1926 | Scrapped 1926 |
Rostislav | Imperial Russian Navy | pre-dreadnought | 10,690 | 1 March 1900 | November 1920 | Scuttled November 1920, partially dismantled 1930 | |
Royal Oak | Royal Navy | Revenge | super-dreadnought | 30,060 | 1 May 1916 | 14 October 1939 | Sunk 14 October 1939 |
Royal Sovereign | super-dreadnought | 30,060 | 1 February 1916 | 18 May 1949 | Scrapped 18 May 1949 | ||
Russell | Duncan | pre-dreadnought | 13,966 | 19 February 1903 | 27 April 1916 | Sunk by mine 27 April 1916 | |
Sachsen | Imperial German Navy | Bayern | super-dreadnought | 28,800 | Launched 21 November 1916, stricken 3 November 1919, broken up 1921–1923 | ||
Saint Louis | French Navy | Charlemagne | pre-dreadnought | 11,275 | 1 September 1900 | 8 February 1919 | Stricken 29 June 1931, sold for scrap 25 April 1933 |
Salamis | Royal Hellenic Navy | super-dreadnought | 19,800 | Launched 11 November 1914, work halted 31 December 1914, broken up 1932 | |||
São Paulo | Brazilian Navy | Minas Geraes | dreadnought | 19,281 | 12 July 1910 | 2 August 1947 | Sunk while under tow 4 November 1951 |
Sardegna | Regia Marina | Re Umberto | ironclad battleship | 13,860 | 16 February 1895 | 4 January 1923 | Stricken 4 January 1923 and scrapped |
Satsuma | Imperial Japanese Navy | Satsuma | semi-dreadnought | 19,683 | 25 March 1910 | 20 September 1923 | Sunk as target 7 September 1924 |
Schlesien | Imperial German Navy | Deutschland | pre-dreadnought | 13,191 | 5 May 1908 | 3 May 1945 | Mined 3 May 1945, scrapped 1949–1956 |
Schleswig-Holstein | pre-dreadnought | 13,191 | 6 July 1908 | 18 December 1944 | Scuttled 21 March 1945, used as target 1948–1966 | ||
Schwaben | Wittelsbach | pre-dreadnought | 11,774 | 13 April 1904 | 8 March 1921 | Stricken 8 March 1921 and sold for scrap | |
Settsu | Imperial Japanese Navy | Kawachi | dreadnought | 22,183 | 1 July 1912 | 20 November 1945 | Converted into target ship 1923, scrapped 1946–1947 |
Sevastopol | Imperial Russian Navy | Gangut | dreadnought | 24,800 | 30 November 1914 | 17 February 1956 | Renamed as Parizhskaya Kommuna 31 March 1921, scrapped 1956–1957 |
Shikishima | Imperial Japanese Navy | Shikishima | pre-dreadnought | 15,090 | 26 January 1900 | 1 April 1923 | Scrapped January 1948 |
Sicilia | Regia Marina | Re Umberto | ironclad battleship | 13,268 | 4 May 1895 | 4 March 1923 | Stricken 4 March and scrapped |
Sinop | Imperial Russian Navy | Ekaterina II | pre-dreadnought | 11,490 | 1 June 1889 | 25 April 1919 | Scrapped 1922 |
Slava | Borodino | pre-dreadnought | 14,646 | 12 June 1905 | 17 October 1917 | Scuttled 17 October 1917, scrapped 1935 | |
South Carolina | United States Navy | South Carolina | dreadnought | 16,257 | 1 March 1910 | 15 December 1921 | Stricken 10 November 1923, scrapped 24 April 1924 |
St Vincent | Royal Navy | St Vincent | dreadnought | 20,000 | 3 May 1910 | March 1921 | Sold for scrap 1 December 1921 |
Suffren | French Navy | pre-dreadnought | 12,432 | 3 February 1904 | 26 November 1916 | Sunk by submarine 26 November 1916 | |
Superb | Royal Navy | Bellerophon | dreadnought | 18,894 | 9 June 1909 | 26 March 1920 | Broken up 7 April 1923 |
Suwo | Imperial Japanese Navy | Peresvet | pre-dreadnought | 14,030 | 10 March 1903 | April 1922 | Capsized 13 July 1922, scrapped 1922–1923 |
Swiftsure | Royal Navy | Swiftsure | pre-dreadnought | 12,370 | 21 June 1904 | 26 April 1917 | Sold for scrap 18 June 1920 |
Szent István | Austro-Hungarian Navy | Tegetthoff | dreadnought | 20,000 | 13 December 1915 | 10 June 1918 | Sunk by torpedo 10 June 1918 |
Tegetthoff | dreadnought | 20,000 | 14 July 1913 | Acquired by Italy 9 November 1918, scrapped 1924 | |||
Temeraire | Royal Navy | Bellerophon | dreadnought | 18,894 | 15 May 1909 | 15 April 1921 | Broken up February 1922 |
Texas | United States Navy | New York | super-dreadnought | 27,000 | 12 March 1914 | 21 April 1948 | Decommissioned 21 April 1948; museum ship |
Thunderer | Royal Navy | Orion | super-dreadnought | 22,274 | 15 June 1912 | 31 August 1926 | Sold for scrap 6 November 1926 |
Thüringen | Imperial German Navy | Helgoland | dreadnought | 22,808 | 1 July 1911 | 16 December 1918 | Ceded to France 29 April 1920, scrapped 1923–1933 |
Triumph | Royal Navy | Swiftsure | pre-dreadnought | 12,370 | 21 June 1904 | 25 May 1915 | Sunk by submarine 25 May 1915 |
Tri Sviatitelia | Imperial Russian Navy | pre-dreadnought | 13,528 | 1 August 1896 | 24 April 1919 | Scrapped 1923 | |
Tsesarevich | pre-dreadnought | 13,105 | 31 August 1903 | Renamed as Grazhdanin 13 April 1917, paid off May 1918, scrapped 1924 | |||
Turgut Reis | Ottoman Navy | Brandenburg | pre-dreadnought | 10,013 | 14 October 1894 | Scrapped 1950–1957 | |
Utah | United States Navy | Florida | dreadnought | 22,175 | 31 August 1911 | 7 December 1941 | Sunk 7 December 1941, decommissioned 5 September 1944 |
Valiant | Royal Navy | Queen Elizabeth | super-dreadnought | 33,110 | 19 February 1916 | 19 March 1948 | Sold for scrap 19 March 1948 |
Vanguard | St Vincent | dreadnought | 20,000 | 1 March 1910 | 9 July 1917 | Sunk by magazine explosion 9 July 1917 | |
Vasilefs Konstantinos | Royal Hellenic Navy | Bretagne | super-dreadnought | 23,936 | Laid down 12 June 1914, work halted August 1914, broken up 1925 | ||
Venerable | Royal Navy | London | pre-dreadnought | 14,700 | 12 November 1902 | 4 February 1920 | Sold for scrap 4 June 1920 |
Vengeance | Canopus | pre-dreadnought | 13,360 | 8 April 1902 | 9 July 1920 | Sold for scrap 1 December 1921 | |
Vergniaud | French Navy | Danton | semi-dreadnought | 18,754 | 18 December 1911 | 27 October 1921 | Sold for scrap 27 November 1928 |
Vérité | Liberté | pre-dreadnought | 14,900 | 11 September 1908 | 1 August 1919 | Stricken 18 May 1921, sold for scrap | |
Vermont | United States Navy | Connecticut | pre-dreadnought | 16,000 | 4 March 1907 | 30 June 1920 | Sold for scrap 30 November 1923 |
Victorious | Royal Navy | Majestic | pre-dreadnought | 16,320 | 4 November 1896 | 28 March 1920 | Sold for scrap 9 April 1923 |
Virginia | United States Navy | Virginia | pre-dreadnought | 15,188 | 7 May 1906 | 13 August 1920 | Sunk as target 5 September 1923 |
Viribus Unitis | Austro-Hungarian Navy | Tegetthoff | dreadnought | 20,000 | 5 December 1912 | 1 November 1918 | Handed over to the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs as Jugoslavija 31 October 1918, sunk 1 November 1918 |
Vittorio Emanuele | Regia Marina | Regina Elena | pre-dreadnought | 12,658 | 1 August 1908 | 1 April 1923 | Scrapped 1923 |
Voltaire | French Navy | Danton | semi-dreadnought | 18,754 | 5 August 1911 | 17 March 1937 | Sold for scrap December 1949 |
Warspite | Royal Navy | Queen Elizabeth | super-dreadnought | 33,110 | 8 March 1915 | 1 February 1945 | Stricken 19 April 1947, scrapped 1950–1955 |
Westfalen | Imperial German Navy | Nassau | dreadnought | 18,873 | 16 November 1909 | 11 August 1918 | Ceded to the Allies 5 August 1920, scrapped 1924 |
Wettin | Wittelsbach | pre-dreadnought | 11,774 | 1 October 1902 | 11 March 1920 | Sold for scrap 21 November 1921 | |
Wisconsin | United States Navy | Illinois | pre-dreadnought | 11,751 | 4 February 1901 | 15 May 1920 | Sold for scrap 26 January 1922 |
Wittelsbach | Imperial German Navy | Wittelsbach | pre-dreadnought | 11,774 | 15 October 1902 | 8 March 1921 | Sold for scrap 7 July 1921 |
Wörth | Brandenburg | pre-dreadnought | 10,013 | 31 October 1893 | 10 March 1916 | Paid off 13 May 1919, scrapped 1920 | |
Württemberg | Bayern | super-dreadnought | 28,800 | Launched 20 June 1917, stricken 3 November 1919, broken up 1921 | |||
Wyoming | United States Navy | Wyoming | dreadnought | 26,417 | 25 September 1912 | 1 August 1947 | Stricken 16 December 1947, scrapped 5 December 1947 |
Yamashiro | Imperial Japanese Navy | Fusō | super-dreadnought | 29,797 | 31 March 1917 | 25 October 1944 | Sunk 25 October 1944 |
Zähringen | Imperial German Navy | Wittelsbach | pre-dreadnought | 11,774 | 25 October 1902 | 18 December 1944 | Scuttled 26 March 1945, scrapped 1949–1950 |
Zealandia | Royal Navy | King Edward VII | pre-dreadnought | 16,140 | 11 July 1905 | 20 September 1917 | Sold for scrap 8 November 1921 |
Zrínyi | Austro-Hungarian Navy | Radetzky | pre-dreadnought | 14,741 | 22 November 1911 | 7 November 1920 | Surrendered to United States and recommissioned 22 November 1919, ceded to Italy 7 November 1920, scrapped 1920–1921 |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]Bibliography
[edit]- "NavSource Naval History".
- Helgason, Guðmundur (1995–2007). "Allied Warships". Uboat.net.
- "Battleships-Cruisers.co.uk". Cranston Fine Arts. 2001–2007.
- Burr, Lawrence (2006). British Battlecruisers 1914–18. New Vanguard No. 126. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84603-008-0.
- Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
- Gray, Randal (1985). Gardiner, Robert (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. Naval Institute Press. p. 439. ISBN 978-0-87021-907-8.
- Gibbons, Tony (1983). The Complete Encyclopedia of Battleships and Battlecruisers - A Technical Directory of all the World's Capital Ships from 1860 to the Present Day. London, UK: Salamander Books Ltd. p. 272. ISBN 0-517-37810-8.
- Ireland, Bernard; Grove, Eric (1997). Jane's War At Sea 1897–1997. London, UK: Harper Collins Publishers. p. 256. ISBN 0-00-472065-2.
- Moore, John (Foreword) (1990). Jane's Fighting Ships of World War I. London, UK: Random House Ltd. p. 320. ISBN 1-85170-378-0.
- O'Connell, Robert L. (1991). Sacred Vessels: the Cult of the Battleship and the Rise of the U.S. Navy. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-1116-0.
- Parkes, Oscar (1990). British Battleships. United States Naval Institute Press (first published Seeley, Service & Co., 1957). ISBN 1-55750-075-4.
- Russel, Scott J. (1861). The Fleet of the Future. London, UK.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Sondhaus, Lawrence (2001). Naval Warfare, 1815–1914. London, UK: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-21478-0.
- Stilwell, Paul (2001). Battleships. New York, USA: MetroBooks. p. 160. ISBN 1-58663-044-X.