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Merle Thornton

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Merle Thornton
AM
Born
Merle Estelle Tornton

1930 (1930)
Died (aged 93)
EducationUniversity of Sydney
University of Queensland
Occupations
  • Activist
  • author
  • academic
  • screenwriter
  • playwright
[1]
ChildrenSigrid Thornton

Merle Estelle Thornton AM (1930 – 16 August 2024) was an Australian feminist activist, author and academic. She is best known for her 1965 action at the Regatta Hotel where she and Rosalie Bogner chained themselves to a bar rail to protest the ban on serving women drinks in public bars in Queensland, Australia.[2][1]

Women's rights and social justice are threads linking Thornton's diverse range of pursuits and projects, including the 1965 founding of the Equal Opportunities Association for Women,[1] helping establish the first Women's Studies course at the University of Queensland in 1973,[2] and contributing to feminist and social theory literature.

In 2015, Thornton was awarded the Member of the Order of Australia for "her significant service to the community as an advocate for women, and Indigenous rights, and to the arts as a writer and director", as part of the 2015 Queen's Birthday Honours.[3]

Education

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Thornton graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (Honours) from the University of Sydney in 1952 and studied Philosophy as a post-graduate at the University of Queensland.[2]

Feminist activism and career

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Thornton was involved in feminist activism beginning in the mid-1960s, including the notable Regatta Hotel protest in March 1965 that challenged women's exclusion from being served drinks in public bars in Queensland.[4] In 1970 the law was changed to allow women to be served drinks in public bars in Queensland.[5] In April of the same year, Thornton founded the Equal Opportunities for Women Association in Brisbane.[4] As President of the association, Thornton led a successful campaign for the removal of the marriage bar in the Commonwealth Public Service of Australia. The end of the marriage bar was legislated in 1966.[2]

From 1960 to 1980, Thornton worked as an academic in a variety of positions within Philosophy, Government, Sociology and Gender Studies at the University of Queensland (UQ).[2] During her time there, Thornton helped to establish the first Women's Studies course in Queensland in the UQ's Sociology Department in 1973.[2]

Regatta Hotel protest

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In March 1965, Thornton and Rosalie Bogner chained themselves to the bar rail of the Regatta Hotel in Toowong, Brisbane as a protest to the ban on serving women drinks in pubs in Queensland.[2] The women were refused service as serving them liquor would have resulted in a fine for the pub.[1] However, “sympathetic male patrons” brought them beer.[1]

In Archiving the feminist self: reflections on the personal papers of Merle Thornton, Margaret Henderson notes that the protest “occurred four years before the first women’s liberation group met in Australia.”[4] The protest marked the beginning of second wave feminist action in Brisbane and gained significant media coverage.[6] Thornton and Bogner's protest, which addressed the public-private split for women, is recognised as a defining moment in the women's liberation movement in Australia.[1][4] Kay Saunders notes, "when you use the term ‘‘second wave’’ it actually started in Brisbane."[4]

Thornton stated, "What we did at the Regatta represented an idea whose time had come. It was the idea of ending the confinement of women to the private domestic world."[4]

The public's reaction to the protest was mixed. Thornton received hate-mail letters accusing her of being a communist, questioning her mothering capabilities, and casting doubts on her morality.[4]

In 1970 the law was changed to allow women to be served drinks in public bars in Queensland.[5]

In 2014, the Regatta Hotel celebrated the protest by renaming the bar Merle's Bar.[7][8]

In 2009 as part of the Q150 celebrations, the 1965 Regatta Hotel protest was announced as a “Q150 Icon” under the category of a "Defining Moment" for Queensland.[9]

Thornton campaigned for women's issues throughout her life including demanding equal pay for women and removing the marriage bar for women in public service.[4]

Creative pursuits

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Thornton has also achieved accomplishments as a screenwriter, playwright and author.[1] Thornton's screenwriting appears on several episodes of the popular Australian television series Prisoner.[10] Thornton's stage play, Playing Mothers and Fathers, had a successful season at the Carlton Courthouse in 1990.[2]

In the 1980s and 1990s, Thornton served as Chair of Women in Film and Television and Victorian Chair of the Australian Writers’ Guild.[2]

Thornton published her first novel, After Moonlight, in 2004.[2]

Thornton also contributed in academics to the field of feminist and social theory.[1] Thornton's later research interests included philosophy, the politics of the advancement of women, Aboriginal thought, and the education of Aboriginal Australians.[2]

Published works

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  • Thornton, Merle, "Sex equality is not enough for feminism", in Pateman, Carole and Gross, Elizabeths (eds), Feminist Challenges: Social and Political Theory, 1986, pp. 77–98.
  • Thornton, Merle, After Moonlight, Interactive Press, Brisbane, 2004, 275 pp.
  • Thornton, Merle, “Invisible Women Workers; Feminism, Consciousness and the Novel”, Overland, 182, Autumn, 2006, pp. 36–42.
  • Thornton, Merle, “Our Chains: Rear View Reflections”, Queensland Review, Vol 14, No. 1, 2007, pp. 51–60.
  • Thornton, Merle; Ostell, Melanie (2020). Merle Thornton: Bringing the Fight. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-1-4607-5832-8.

Personal life and death

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Merle Thornton was the mother of historian Harold Thornton and Australian film and television actress Sigrid Thornton.[11][12][13]

Thornton died on 16 August 2024, at the age of 93.[14]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "Thornton, Merle". The Australian Women’s Register. Archived from the original on 16 April 2018. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Ms Merle Thornton AM". ‘School of Historical and Philosophical Enquiry’, The University of Queensland. March 2017. Archived from the original on 20 March 2018. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
  3. ^ "Ms Merle Estelle THORNTON". Australian Honours Search Facility. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Henderson, Margaret (July 2013). "Archiving the feminist self: reflections on the personal papers of Merle Thornton". Archives and Manuscripts. 41 (2): 91–104. doi:10.1080/01576895.2013.806013. ISSN 0157-6895.
  5. ^ a b "History of liquor regulation". Department of Justice and Attorney-General. Queensland Government. Archived from the original on 25 October 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  6. ^ "In Queensland This Week- The women were chained to the brass rail". Canberra Times. 8 April 1965. p. 2. Retrieved 30 October 2018 – via Trove.
  7. ^ Bochenski, Natalie (22 April 2014). "Merle's Bar toasts Brisbane suffragette". Brisbane Times. Archived from the original on 26 October 2018. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
  8. ^ Higgins, Isabella (27 March 2015). "Woman revisits Regatta Hotel 50 years after gaining right to drink there". ABC News. Archived from the original on 13 March 2018. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
  9. ^ "PREMIER UNVEILS QUEENSLAND'S 150 ICONS". The Honourable Anna Bligh, Queensland Government. 10 June 2009. Archived from the original on 24 May 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
  10. ^ Dever and Henderson, Maryanne and Margaret (2012). "The Activist's Archive". Australian Feminist Studies. 27 (72): 221–223. doi:10.1080/08164649.2012.676759. S2CID 147157023.
  11. ^ Moore, Tony (6 August 2017). "New South Wales left Queensland broke from day one". Brisbane Times. Archived from the original on 12 July 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  12. ^ Johnson, Susan (9 June 2012). "Age won't silence her". Courier-Mail. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  13. ^ McDiarmid, Johanna (12 February 2016). "Sigrid Thornton on bullying, retirement and a brush with the law". ABC News. Archived from the original on 23 July 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  14. ^ O'Flaherty, Antonia (21 August 2024). "Merle Thornton AM, a renowned Queensland feminist activist, author and academic, dies aged 93". ABC News (Australia). Retrieved 21 August 2024.

Further reading

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  • Thornton, Merle (20 April 2020), Merle Thornton : bringing the fight, HARPERCOLLINS AUSTRALIA (published 2020), ISBN 978-1-4607-5832-8
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