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Mukhtar Begum

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For the Pakistani actress born Mukhtar Begum, see Sabiha Khanum.

Mukhtar Begum
Born
Mukhtar Khanum

(1901-07-12)12 July 1901
Amritsar, Punjab, British India, (present-day India)
Died25 February 1982(1982-02-25) (aged 80)
Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Other namesThe Queen of Music[1]
Queen Songstress
Melody Queen of India
Queen of Indian Yalkie Music[2]
Queen of Parsi Theatre[3]
EducationPatiala Gharana Music School
Occupations
  • Singer
  • Actress
  • Dancer
  • Composer
Years active1920 – 1982
SpouseAgha Hashar Kashmiri (husband)
Children1
ParentGhulam Muhammad (father)
RelativesFarida Khanum (sister)
Sheeba Hassan (niece)

Mukhtar Begum (born Mukhtar Khanum) was a Pakistani classical, ghazal singer and actress.[4][5] She was known as The Queen of Music, Queen of Indian Talkie Music, Queen Songstress, The Queen of Parsi Theatre ,and Melody Queen of India for singing songs in films, theatre, and on radio.[1] She worked in Hindi, Punjabi, and Urdu films and was known for her roles in films Hathili Dulhan, Ali Baba 40 Chor, Nala Damayanti, Dil ki Pyas, Ankh ka Nasha, Muflis Ashiq, and Chatra Bakavali.[6][4]

Early life

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Mukhtar Begum was born Mukhtar Khanum in 1901 in Amritsar, British India. Mukhtar was the older sister, and she had four siblings, a sister, including Farida Khanum and three brothers.[4][7]

Mukhtar's father, Ghulam Muhammad, was a great music lover, and he used to play harmonium. Then he realized that his elder daughter, Mukhtar Begum, had a natural talent for music, so he sent her to receive early training in classical singing under Ustad Shambhu Maharaj, Ustad Allah Daya Khan Meherban, and Ustad Lachhu Maharaj.[8] They trained her in thumri, dadra, and ghazal singing.[8]

She attended Patiala Gharana's Classic Music School. A teacher named Ustad Mian Meherbaan Khan there liked her singing, and he was the teacher of Ustad Aashiq Ali Khan. So he trained Mukhtar Begum in Hindustani vocal classical music since the age of seven.[4]

In 1920, she was regularly invited by Raja's and Maharajas to their royal courts, and was given huge respect.[4] She was hired by Nizam of Hyderabad at his court and she would sing classical songs. Then he offered her to sit next to his Queen, which was criticised by his court officials. Later he mentioned that the reason he had offered her to sit next to the Queen's chair was because of her art and talent.[4]

Career

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In the 1930s, she moved to Kolkata, and she did stage plays and theatre, which were written by famous Urdu playwright and poet Agha Hashar Kashmiri.[9][4] Mukhtar Begum also went to Bombay, and there she also worked in theatre.[10] She worked mostly in parsi theatre plays and dramas; later, she was called The Queen of Parsi Theatre.[3]

After doing theatre, she started working in silent films and made her debut in 1931, and she appeared in both Hindi, Punjabi, and Urdu films, including Nala Damayanti, Dil ki Pyas, Ankh ka Nasha ,and Muflis Ashiq.[4] Mukhtar Begum also composed songs for two films in which she worked, including Prem ki Aag and Bhesham.[11]

In Calcutta, she met Noor Jehan and her family, and she encouraged Noor Jehan and her sisters to join films and theater. So she introduced them to some producers and to her husband, Agha Hashar Kashmiri.[12]

Mukhtar Begum, along with her family, moved to Pakistan after partition and she settled in Lahore.[13][4] She continued to sing ghazals for radio and television.[14][15][16] At Lahore, Mukhtar Begum then went to Radio Pakistan. From there, she sang many songs.[17][18][19]

Mukhatr Begum also worked as a music teacher, and she trained singer Naseem Begum and her own younger sister Farida Khanum in classical music singing and ghazals.[20]

In 1962, she was invited by President Ayub Khan when he established Agha Hashar Academy on September 20 in Lahore, which he named after her husband Agha Hashar Kashmiri in his honour and for his contribution to the arts field, and she worked there as a teacher both in the singing and acting departments.[21]

Then she started acting in films and appeared in the film Aina, which was written by Bashir Niaz and directed by Nazar-ul-Islam. The film was a Diamond Jubilee at the box office.

Personal life

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Mukhtar married Urdu poet, playwright, and dramatist Agha Hashar Kashmiri; later, she had one child with him, and Mukhtar's younger sister Farida Khanum is also a famous ghazal singer, and her niece Sheeba Hassan is also an actress.[22][4][23]

Illness and death

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Mukhtar Begum suffered a paralysis and contracted a prolonged illness from which she died on 25 February 1982 at age 80 in Karachi, and she was laid to rest at Society's Graveyard in Karachi.[24][25][4]

Filmography

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Film

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Year Film Language
1932 Ali Baba 40 Chor Hindi, Urdu
1932 Chatra Bakawali Hindi, Urdu
1932 Hathili Dulhan Hindi, Urdu
1932 Hindustan Hindi, Urdu
1932 Indrasabha Hindi, Urdu[4]
1932 Krishna Kant ki Wasiyat Hindi, Urdu
1932 Muflis Ashiq Hindi, Urdu
1932 Shravan Kumar Hindi, Urdu
1933 Ankh ka Nasha Urdu, Hindi
1933 Aurat Ka Pyar Hindi, Urdu[26]
1933 Chantamini Hindi, Urdu
1933 Nala Damayanti Urdu, Hindi
1933 Ramayan Hindi, Urdu
1934 Seeta Urdu, Hindi
1935 Dil ki Pyas Hindi, Urdu
1935 Majnu 1935 Hindi, Urdu[4]
1936 Prem ki Aag Hindi, Urdu
1937 Bhesham Hindi, Urdu
1940 Matwali Mira Punjabi[4]
1941 Chatra Bakvali Punjabi
1977 Aina Urdu

References

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  1. ^ a b "فلمی و ادبی شخصیات کے سکینڈلز۔ ۔ ۔قسط نمبر356". Daily Pakistan. 28 April 2022.
  2. ^ Filmland: Leading Illustrated Film Weekly of India - Volume 4. Filmland Pub. Syndicate. p. 7.
  3. ^ a b "The British reduced all tawaifs to sex workers – so has Sanjay Leela Bhansali in Heeramandi". The Indian Express. 15 May 2024.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Mallikas of yesteryear". Himal Southasian. 26 March 2022.
  5. ^ Indian Horizons, Volume 53. New Delhi, Indian Council for Cultural Relations. p. 55.
  6. ^ Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema. Oxford University Press. p. 40.
  7. ^ Who's Who: Music in Pakistan. Xlibris Corporation. p. 179.
  8. ^ a b "کلاسیکی گائیکی میں نام وَر مختار بیگم کی برسی". ARY News. 25 February 2021.
  9. ^ India's Shakespeare : translation, interpretation, and performance. Newark : University of Delaware Press. p. 289.
  10. ^ "From here to Bombay". The News International. 6 September 2021.
  11. ^ Indian Filmography: Silent & Hindi Films, 1897-1969. Bombay J. Udeshi. p. 90.
  12. ^ DOUBLE X FACTOR. JAICO Publishing House. p. 100.
  13. ^ "Lahore a part of me". The News International. 12 July 2021.
  14. ^ "The history, art and performance of ghazal in Hindustani sangeet". Daily Times. 15 January 2022.
  15. ^ "Daagh and ghazal singing". The News International. 10 June 2021.
  16. ^ "Experimenting with ghazal". The News International. 24 December 2021.
  17. ^ Lahore: A Musical Companion. Lahore : Baber Ali Foundation. p. 23.
  18. ^ Lahore: A Musical Companion. Lahore : Baber Ali Foundation. p. 69.
  19. ^ Lahore: A Musical Companion. Lahore : Baber Ali Foundation. p. 70.
  20. ^ Who's Who: Music in Pakistan. Xlibris Corporation. p. 187.
  21. ^ پاكستان، ٣٥ سال: ٤١ اگست ٧٤٩١ء سے ٤١ اگست ٠٠٠٢ تک. سنگ ميل پبلى كيشنز. p. 326.
  22. ^ Let's know music & musical instruments of India. London ibs BOOKS. p. 59.
  23. ^ Bayād Jālib. Karācī, Pākistān : Pākistānī Adab Pablīkeshanz. p. 1.
  24. ^ "کلاسیکی گائیکی میں نام وَر مختار بیگم کی برسی". ARY News. 10 May 2022.
  25. ^ Asiaweek, Volume 12, Issues 27-39. Asiaweek Limited. p. 28.
  26. ^ Urdu/Hindi : an artificial divide : evolution from African genes, Mesopotamian roots, and Indian culture. New York : Algora Pub. p. 319.
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