Posteromedial central arteries
 | It has been suggested that this article be merged with Anteromedial central arteries, Anterolateral central arteries and Posterolateral central arteries to Central arteries. (Discuss) Proposed since July 2024. |
| Posteromedial central arteries | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Details | |
| Source | Posterior cerebral artery, Posterior communicating artery |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | aa. centrales posteromediales |
| TA98 | A12.2.07.084 |
| TA2 | 4566 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
The posteromedial central arteries or paramedian arteries[1] (also (also posteromedial perforating arteries, or posteromedial ganglionic arteries[2]) are branches of the posterior cerebral artery, and posterior communicating artery. They entering the substance of the brain through the posterior perforated substance. They supply a large portion of the diencephalon as well as some subcortical telencephalic structures.
Anatomy[edit]
Origin[edit]
PMCAs arise from the proximal (pre-communicating (P1)[3]) segment of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA),[2][4][3] and along the entire length of[2] the posterior communicating artery[2][5][6]: 372 (though branches arising from the latter may be considered as a distinct anatomical entity[4]). The PMCAs thus arise at and near the bifurcation of the basilar artery.[6]: 378 The PMCAs are the very first branches of the PCA.[6]: 377
Course[edit]
PMCAs intermingle to form an extensive venous plexus in the interpeduncular fossa[7] before entering the substance of the brain through the posterior perforated substance,[4][7][3] then also passing through the posterior part of the internal capsule along their path.[8]
Distribution[edit]
The PMCAs supply a substantial part of the diencephalon.[4]
The PMCAs are distributed to:
- globus pallidus,[2][4]
- (lateral wall of) third ventricle,[2][4]
- (parts of the) thalamus (partially via the thalamoperforating artery[2])[2][4][5][6]: 380
- subthalamus[2][4][6]: 380
- hypothalamus[2][3][6]: 380
- mammillary bodies[2][3][5]
- pituitary gland[2]
- optic chiasm[5] and tracts[5]
- tuber cinereum[5]
- posterior limb of internal capsule[3]
- mesencephalon (midbrain)[6]: 380
- basis pedunculi[6]: 380
- substantia nigra[6]: 380
- mesencephalic tegmentum[6]: 380
Clinical significance[edit]
An embolus passing along a vertebral artery will typically continue into the basilar artery before finally lodging at the bifurcation of the basilar artery, thus bilaterally obstructing the PMCAs (as well as the superior cerebellar artery); such occlusion of the PMCAs will swiftly result in infarction of the reticular formation at the level of the mesencephalon-pons junction (resulting in coma) as well as destruction of the fibers of both oculomotor nerve (CN III) (resulting in divergence of both eyes, and fixed mydriasis).[6]: 377-378
An embolism of a single PMCA at mesencephalic levels may result in a small infarction of the mesencephalon, causing Weber's syndrome.[6]: 378
Uncal herniation can cause compression of the PMCAs, which may result in Duret haemorrhages.[citation needed]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "Anatonomina". terminologia-anatomica.org. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Standring, Susan (2020). Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (42th ed.). New York: Elsevier. p. 419. ISBN 978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC 1201341621.
- ^ a b c d e f "posteromedial central arteries of posterior cerebral artery - Dictionnaire médical de l'Académie de Médecine". www.academie-medecine.fr. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Waschke, Jens; Böckers, Tobias M.; Paulsen, Friedrich; Arnold, Wolfgang; Bechmann, Ingo, eds. (2018). Sobotta Anatomy Textbook: English Edition with Latin Nomenclature (1st ed.). München: Elsevier. p. 622. ISBN 978-0-7020-6760-0.
- ^ a b c d e f "posteromedial central arteries of posterior communicating artery - Dictionnaire médical de l'Académie de Médecine". www.academie-medecine.fr. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Kiernan, John A.; Rajakumar, Nagalingam (2013). Barr's The Human Nervous System: An Anatomical Viewpoint (10th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-1-4511-7327-7.
- ^ a b Carpenter, Malcolm B. (1985). Core text of neuroanatomy (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. p. 409. ISBN 0683014552.
- ^ Sinnatamby, Chummy S. (2011). Last's Anatomy (12th ed.). ISBN 978-0-7295-3752-0.
 | This cardiovascular system article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |