Proteus hauseri

Proteus hauseri
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Pseudomonadota
Class:	Gammaproteobacteria
Order:	Enterobacterales
Family:	Enterobacteriaceae
Genus:	Proteus
Species:	P. hauseri
Binomial name
	Proteus hauseri; O'Hara et al., 2000

Proteus hauseri is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium.

Identification

Similar to other members of the Enterobacterales order, Proteus hauseri is oxidase negative, catalase positive, glucose fermenting, and nitrate reducing.^[1] P. hauseri is ONPG negative and PDA positive ^{[citation needed]}. Unlike the more commonly seen species of Proteus, P. hauseri is also able to convert tryptophan into indole, resulting in a positive indole test. P. hauseri shares a similar biochemical profile with Proteus vulgaris but can be differentiated by its ability to produce acid from trehalose. Most strains of P. hauseri demonstrate swarming motility, often covering the entire plate onto which it is inoculated.

History

Strains of Proteus vulgaris were historically divided into three biogroups: Biogroup 1 was characterized as negative for indole, salicin fermentation, and aesculin hydrolysis. Biogroup 2 was characterized as positive for indole, salicin, and aesculin. Biogroup 3 was characterized by positive indole production but negative for salicin and aesculin.^[2] Taxonomic studies performed on P. vulgaris biogroup 3 in 1976 suggested that this strain was atypical from the two other P. vulgaris subclusters.^[3] DNA hybridization performed on P. vulgaris biogroup 3 isolates found four distinct genomospecies, designate genomospecies 3, 4, 5, and 6. These genomospecies are difficult to differentiate phenotypically; however, P. vulgaris genomospecies 3 is unique in that it is negative for Jordan's tartrate and it was thus designated as Proteus hauseri.

References

^ Versalovic, James, ed. (2011). Manual of clinical microbiology (10th ed.). Washington, DC: ASM Press. ISBN 978-1-55581-463-2.
^ O'Hara, C. M.; Brenner, F. W.; Steigerwalt, A. G.; Hill, B. C.; Holmes, B.; Grimont, P. A.; Hawkey, P. M.; Penner, J. L.; Miller, J. M.; Brenner, D. J. (September 2000). "Classification of Proteus vulgaris biogroup 3 with recognition of Proteus hauseri sp. nov., nom. rev. and unnamed Proteus genomospecies 4, 5 and 6". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 50 Pt 5 (5): 1869–1875. doi:10.1099/00207713-50-5-1869. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 11034498.
^ McKell, J.; Jones, D. (August 1976). "A numerical taxonomic study of Proteus-Providence bacteria". The Journal of Applied Bacteriology. 41 (1): 143–161. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1976.tb00614.x. ISSN 0021-8847. PMID 956066.

[1] Versalovic, James, ed. (2011). Manual of clinical microbiology (10th ed.). Washington, DC: ASM Press. ISBN 978-1-55581-463-2.

[2] O'Hara, C. M.; Brenner, F. W.; Steigerwalt, A. G.; Hill, B. C.; Holmes, B.; Grimont, P. A.; Hawkey, P. M.; Penner, J. L.; Miller, J. M.; Brenner, D. J. (September 2000). "Classification of Proteus vulgaris biogroup 3 with recognition of Proteus hauseri sp. nov., nom. rev. and unnamed Proteus genomospecies 4, 5 and 6". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 50 Pt 5 (5): 1869–1875. doi:10.1099/00207713-50-5-1869. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 11034498.

[3] McKell, J.; Jones, D. (August 1976). "A numerical taxonomic study of Proteus-Providence bacteria". The Journal of Applied Bacteriology. 41 (1): 143–161. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1976.tb00614.x. ISSN 0021-8847. PMID 956066.

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