Pyrrhalta
| Pyrrhalta | |
|---|---|
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| Pyrrhalta viburni | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Chrysomelidae |
| Subfamily: | Galerucinae |
| Tribe: | Galerucini |
| Genus: | Pyrrhalta de Joannis, 1865 |
| Species | |
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111-115, see text | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Pyrrhalta is a genus of beetles in the leaf beetle family, Chrysomelidae. Species are distributed throughout much of the world, including much of the Northern Hemisphere and the Australian region.[2]
The taxonomy of the genus is not clear. Species are separated from those of other genera by the sometimes inconsistent comparison of questionable characters, such as the distribution of minute hairs.[2] There is also little agreement on how to divide the group into subgenera. Former subgenera such as Xanthogaleruca are treated as separate genera by some authors, but not accepted as such by others.[2]
A definition of the genus used by some authors includes characters such as a hairy pronotum and elytra, gena (the spaces below the eyes) longer than the eyes themselves, and a labrum with a line of hairy pores.[3]
This is one of the largest genera of the leaf beetle subfamily Galerucinae, with about 111[4] to 115 species.[2]
A number of Pyrrhalta are considered pests.[5] The species Pyrrhalta viburni has received attention as a Eurasian beetle introduced to North America with the potential to do significant damage to native and cultivated viburnum plants.[6]
- Pyrrhalta annulicornis
- Pyrrhalta aurata
- Pyrrhalta brevicornis
- Pyrrhalta ceylonensis
- Pyrrhalta darjeelingensis
- Pyrrhalta digambara
- Pyrrhalta esakii[8]
- Pyrrhalta fuscipennis
- Pyrrhalta huangshana
- Pyrrhalta humeralis
- Pyrrhalta indica
- Pyrrhalta lineola
- Pyrrhalta maculata
- Pyrrhalta maculicollis
- Pyrrhalta martensi
- Pyrrhalta medvedevi[5]
- Pyrrhalta meghalayana
- Pyrrhalta metallica
- Pyrrhalta nila
- Pyrrhalta orientalis
- Pyrrhalta prokofievi[9]
- Pyrrhalta quianana[2]
- Pyrrhalta scutellata
- Pyrrhalta subaeanea
- Pyrrhalta sulcatipennis
- Pyrrhalta tatesuji
- Pyrrhalta tianmuensis
- Pyrrhalta viburni - viburnum leaf beetle
- Pyrrhalta warchalowskii[3]
- Pyrrhalta xizangana
See also
[edit]- Xanthogaleruca luteola - elm leaf beetle
References
[edit]- ^ Lee, C.-F.; Bezděk, J. (2021). "Revision of the genera Xanthogaleruca Laboissière, 1932 and Pyrrhalta Joannis, 1865 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) of Taiwan, with type designation of Galerucella lineatipes Takei". ZooKeys (1039): 1–108. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1039.64740. PMC 8159918. PMID 34084064.
- ^ a b c d e f Nie, R. E., et al. (2013). Notes on black elytron species of Pyrrhalta Joannis and the description of a new species from China (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). ZooKeys 289 41-56.
- ^ a b c Bezděk, J. (2007). Notes on the Galerucini from India and Sri Lanka, with description of Pyrrhalta warchalowskii n. sp. from Tamil Nadu state, India (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae). Archived 2015-12-25 at the Wayback Machine Genus 18(4) 603-12.
- ^ Huai-jun, X. and Y. Xing-ke. (2010). Species catalogue of Pyrrhalta Joannis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) of the world. Entomotaxonomia.
- ^ a b c Sprecher-Uebersax, E. and S. Zoia. (2002). Pyrrhalta medvedevi sp. nov., a new species from the Nepal Himalayas (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 75 161-67.
- ^ Majka, C. G. and L. LeSage. (2007). Introduced leaf beetles of the maritime provinces, 3: The viburnum leaf beetle, Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Proceedings - Entomological Society of Washington 109(2), 454-62.
- ^ Park, J. Y. and J. E. Lee. (2004). A taxonomic study on the larvae of the genus Pyrrhalta Joannis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) from Korea. Entomological Research 34(4) 229-34.
- ^ Satoh, A. (2002). Within-plant distribution of the eggs and larvae of two congeneric chrysomelid beetles on the same host plant. Entomological Science 5(2), 171-78.
- ^ Skomorokhov, M. O. (2011). To the knowledge of Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) from the islands of southern Vietnam. Russian Entomological Journal 20(2) 197-99.