Strontium barium niobate

Strontium barium niobate
Identifiers
CAS Number	x=0.5: 37185-09-4;
3D model (JSmol)	x=0.5: Interactive image;
EC Number	x=0.5: 253-383-3;
PubChem CID	x=0.5: 21862943;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	x=0.5: DTXSID70190669;
	InChI InChI=1S/Ba.4Nb.12O.Sr/q+2;;;;;;;;;;;;;4*-1;+2 Key: DKDQMLPMKQLBHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N;
	SMILES x=0.5: [O-][Nb](=O)=O.[O-][Nb](=O)=O.[O-][Nb](=O)=O.[O-][Nb](=O)=O.[Sr+2].[Ba+2];
Properties
Chemical formula	(Srx,Ba1−x)Nb2O6 for 0.32≤x≤0.82
Density	5.24-5.39 g/cm3
Melting point	1,427–1,480 °C (2,601–2,696 °F; 1,700–1,753 K)
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H302, H332
Precautionary statements	P261, P264, P270, P271, P301+P312, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P330, P501
Structure
Crystal structure	Tetragonal
Space group	P4bm
Point group	4mm
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Strontium barium niobate is the chemical compound Sr_xBa_1−xNb₂O₆ for 0.32≤x≤0.82.^[1]

Strontium barium niobate is a ferroelectric material commonly used in single crystal form in electro-optics, acousto-optics, and photorefractive non-linear optics for its photorefractive properties.

Strontium barium niobate is one of the few tetragonal tungsten bronze compounds without volatile elements making it a useful system for probing structure-property relations. Strontium barium niobate is a normal ferroelectric for Barium-rich compositions and becomes a relaxor ferroelectric with increasing strontium content.^[3] This has been attributed to positional disorder of the A-site cations ^[4] alongside incommensurate oxygen octahedral tilting ^[5]

Strontium barium niobate is one of numerous ceramic materials that are known to exhibit abnormal grain growth, in which certain grains grow very large within a matrix of finer equiaxed grains. This abnormal grain growth (AGG) has significant consequences on the dielectric and electronic performance of strontium barium niobate ^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Podlozhenov, S.; Graetsch, H. A.; Schneider, J.; Ulex, M.; Wöhlecke, M.; Betzler, K. (2006). "Structure of strontium barium niobate Sr_xBa_1−xNb₂O₆ (SBN) in the composition range 0.32 ≤ x ≤ 0.82". Acta Crystallographica Section B. 62 (Pt 6): 960–965. doi:10.1107/S0108768106038869. PMID 17108647.
^ "Physicochemial Study of the SrNb₂O₆-BaNb₂O₆ System". Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii. 51 (11): 2948–2950. 1979.
^ Huang, W. H.; Viehland, Dwight; Neurgaonkar, R. R. (1994). "Anisotropic Glasslike Characteristics of Strontium Barium Niobate Relaxors". Journal of Applied Physics. 76 (1): 490–496. Bibcode:1994JAP....76..490H. doi:10.1063/1.357100.
^ Trubelja, M. P.; Ryba, E.; Smith, D. K. (1996). "A Study of Positional Disorder in Strontium Barium Niobate". Journal of Materials Science. 31 (6): 1435–1443. Bibcode:1996JMatS..31.1435T. doi:10.1007/bf00357850. S2CID 94242966.
^ "Effects of A1/A2-sites Occupancy upon Ferroelectric Transition in (SrxBa1-x)Nb2O6 Tungsten Bronze Ceramics". Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 97: 507–512. 2014. doi:10.1111/jace.12659.
^ Lee, H.-Y.; Freer, R. (1997). "The mechanism of abnormal grain growth in Sr_0.6Ba_0.4Nb₂O₆ ceramics". J. Appl. Phys. 81 (1): 376–382. Bibcode:1997JAP....81..376L. doi:10.1063/1.364122.

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[Podlozhenov-1] Podlozhenov, S.; Graetsch, H. A.; Schneider, J.; Ulex, M.; Wöhlecke, M.; Betzler, K. (2006). "Structure of strontium barium niobate Sr_xBa_1−xNb₂O₆ (SBN) in the composition range 0.32 ≤ x ≤ 0.82". Acta Crystallographica Section B. 62 (Pt 6): 960–965. doi:10.1107/S0108768106038869. PMID 17108647.

[2] "Physicochemial Study of the SrNb₂O₆-BaNb₂O₆ System". Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii. 51 (11): 2948–2950. 1979.

[Huang-3] Huang, W. H.; Viehland, Dwight; Neurgaonkar, R. R. (1994). "Anisotropic Glasslike Characteristics of Strontium Barium Niobate Relaxors". Journal of Applied Physics. 76 (1): 490–496. Bibcode:1994JAP....76..490H. doi:10.1063/1.357100.

[Trubelja-4] Trubelja, M. P.; Ryba, E.; Smith, D. K. (1996). "A Study of Positional Disorder in Strontium Barium Niobate". Journal of Materials Science. 31 (6): 1435–1443. Bibcode:1996JMatS..31.1435T. doi:10.1007/bf00357850. S2CID 94242966.

[C._Huang-5] "Effects of A1/A2-sites Occupancy upon Ferroelectric Transition in (SrxBa1-x)Nb2O6 Tungsten Bronze Ceramics". Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 97: 507–512. 2014. doi:10.1111/jace.12659.

[6] Lee, H.-Y.; Freer, R. (1997). "The mechanism of abnormal grain growth in Sr_0.6Ba_0.4Nb₂O₆ ceramics". J. Appl. Phys. 81 (1): 376–382. Bibcode:1997JAP....81..376L. doi:10.1063/1.364122.

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