Treaty of Königsberg (1390)
The Treaty of Königsberg was signed in Königsberg (Królewiec) on May 26, 1390 during the Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392) between Samogitian nobles and representatives of the Teutonic Knights.[1] The 31-member or 30-member[nb 1] delegation from seven Samogitian regions (Ariogala, Kaltinėnai, Knituva, Kražiai, Medingėnai, Raseiniai, and Viduklė) arrived to Königsberg around the pentecost.[2] They promised their loyalty to "their king" Vytautas and guaranteed trade freedom for the Knights in Samogitia.[1] The Knights gifted the nobles with food and clothes.[1]
Vytautas the Great waged a civil against his cousin Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland. In order to secure Teutonic support in the civil war, Vytautas signed the Treaty of Lyck and granted Samogitia up to the Nevėžis River to the Knights on January 19, 1390.[3] Samogitia was important for the Knights as this territory physically separated them from uniting with the Livonian Order in the north. Support of Samogitians was crucial to Vytautas as it was the only guarantee that the Treaty of Lyck would be carried out.[1] However, Vytautas betrayed the Knights when in 1392 he reconciled with his cousin Jogaila and signed the Ostrów Agreement. Samogitia was not ceded to the Knights until the Treaty of Salynas in 1398. The treaty and the 30 names of Samogitian nobles are important for the study of personal names in pagan Lithuania.[4]
List of Samogitian nobles
[edit]| # | Reconstructed name[4][5][6] | Recorded name[5] | Where from[5] | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Asteika | Hosteike | Raseiniai | |
| 2 | Bimantas, Bymantas | Bimunt | Viduklė | |
| 3 | Daukša | Dawchs | Kaltinėnai | |
| 4 | Dirkštelis | Dirkstel | Medininkai | |
| 5 | Dramutis | Dramutte | Ariogala | In 1401, with his son witnessed the Union of Vilnius and Radom[5] |
| 6 | Eikutis | Eycutte | Kražiai | In 1419, he was a court official in Medininkai[5] |
| 7 | Eimantas | Eymund | Kaltinėnai | |
| 8 | Einorius, Einoras | Eynur | Kražiai | |
| 9 | Eivildas, Eiviltas | Eywild Eynuren bruder[nb 1] | Kražiai | In 1413, received Ciołek coat of arms according to the Union of Horodło[5] |
| 10 | Erimas | Erim | Ariogala | |
| 11 | Gelvonas | Gelwan | Viduklė | |
| 12 | Getas, Gedas | Getez | Kražiai | |
| 13 | Gineitis | Gineth | Ariogala | In 1413, received Zaremba coat of arms according to the Union of Horodło; in 1433, served as elder of Kaunas[7] |
| 14 | Jodeika, Joteikis | Jotheke | Ariogala | |
| 15 | Klausigaila | Clawssegail | Raseiniai | Active during the Samogitian uprising of 1409; testified to Benedict Makrai regarding the Samogitian border in 1413[8] |
| 16 | Mazbutas | Maisebuth | Medininkai | |
| 17 | Pamplys | Pampli | Knituva | |
| 18 | Ragelis | Ragel | Kaltinėnai | |
| 19 | Ramontas, Ramavydas | Ramomt, Ramouit | Kražiai | |
| 20 | Rėkutis | Roeukutte | Medininkai | |
| 21 | Skutas | Skutez | Kaltinėnai | |
| 22 | Skvaibutis | Sqwaybuth | Kaltinėnai | |
| 23 | Sungaila, Surgaila | Sungail | Viduklė | Might be identical to Sungalo who testified in the Council of Constance in 1416 and was later killed by the Knights[5] |
| 24 | Surtenis, Surtinis | Surthen | Viduklė | |
| 25 | Tyla, Tylenis | Tilen | Kaltinėnai | |
| 26 | Vidas, Vydas | Wide | Kražiai | |
| 27 | Vilaudis, Vyliaudas | Wilawde | Ariogala | |
| 28 | Zundys | Sunde | Ariogala | |
| 29 | Žaudys | Zawden | Raseiniai | |
| 30 | Žilpa | Zilpe | Knituva |
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b Zenonas Ivinskis and Jonas Puzinas interpreted that note "Eywild Eynuren bruder" refers to two persons: Eywild and some unnamed brother of Eynur. Rimvydas Petrauskas interpreted that it was one person.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Ivinskis, Zenonas (1988) [1930]. "Vytauto jaunystė ir jo veikimas iki 1392 m.". In Šležas, Paulius (ed.). Vytautas Didysis (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija. p. 36. OCLC 25726071.
- ^ Ivinskis, Zenonas (1978). Lietuvos istorija iki Vytauto Didžiojo mirties (in Lithuanian). Rome: Lietuvių katalikų mokslo akademija. p. 306. LCCN 79346776.
- ^ Urban, William (2006). Samogitian Crusade. Chicago: Lithuanian Research and Studies Center. p. 197. ISBN 0-929700-56-2.
- ^ a b Sužiedėlis, Simas, ed. (1970–1978). "Personal names". Encyclopedia Lituanica. Vol. IV. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapočius. p. 230. LCCN 74-114275.
- ^ a b c d e f g Petrauskas, Rimvydas. "Žemaitijos bajorai 1390–1413 m." (in Lithuanian). The Samogitian Diocese Museum. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
- ^ Puzinas, Jonas (1983). Antanas Mažiulis (ed.). Rinktiniai raštai (in Lithuanian). Vol. 2. Lituanistikos instituto leidykla. p. 215. LCCN 82084676.
- ^ Petrauskas, Rimvydas (2003). Lietuvos diduomenė XIV a. pabaigoje – XV a. (in Lithuanian). Aidai. pp. 234–235. ISBN 9955-445-67-X.
- ^ Petrauskas, Rimvydas (2003). Lietuvos diduomenė XIV a. pabaigoje – XV a. (in Lithuanian). Aidai. pp. 255–256. ISBN 9955-445-67-X.