Trogon (genus)

Trogon
	Elegant trogon (Trogon elegans)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Trogoniformes
Family:	Trogonidae
Genus:	Trogon; Brisson, 1760
Type species
	Trogon viridis; Linnaeus, 1766
Species
	See text.

Trogon is a genus of Coraciimorphae birds in the trogon family. Its members occur in forests and woodlands of the Americas, ranging from southeastern Arizona to northern Argentina.

They have large eyes, stout hooked bills, short wings, and long, squared-off, strongly graduated tails; black and white tail-feather markings form distinctive patterns on the underside. Males have richly colored metallic plumage, metallic on the upperparts.^[1] Although many have brightly coloured bare eye-rings, they lack the colorful patches of bare facial skin in their African counterparts, Apaloderma.^[2] Females and young are duller and sometimes hard to identify in the field.^[1] Eggs are white or bluish-white, unlike the pale blue eggs of quetzals.^[2] See the family account for further details.

Taxonomy

The genus Trogon was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760 with the green-backed trogon (Trogon viridis) as the type species.^[3]^[4] The name of the genus is from the Ancient Greek τρωγων trōgōn for "fruit-eating" or "gnawing".^[5] The name had previously been used by the German naturalist Paul Möhring in 1752 for the blue-crowned trogon (Trogon curucui).^[6]

The following cladogram shows the relationships between the 20 species placed in the genus. It is based on a molecular phylogenetic study by Jeffrey Dacosta and John Klicka that was published in 2008.^[7] The cladogram incorporates the species splits that resulted from this study.^[8]

Trogon

Clade A

Black-throated trogon (T. rufus)

Elegant trogon (T. elegans)

Mountain trogon (T. mexicanus)

	Collared trogon (T. collaris)

	Masked trogon (T. personatus)

Clade B

Lattice-tailed trogon (T. clathratus)

	Slaty-tailed trogon (T. massena)

	Ecuadorian trogon (T. mesurus)

	Choco trogon (T. comptus)

	Black-tailed trogon (T. melanurus)

Clade C

	Citreoline trogon (T. citreolus)

	Black-headed trogon (T. melanocephalus)

Green-backed trogon (T. viridis)

	Baird's trogon (T. bairdii)

	White-tailed trogon (T. chionurus)

Gartered trogon (T. caligatus)

Amazonian trogon (T. ramonianus)

Surucua trogon (T. surrucura)

	Guianan trogon (T. violaceus)

	Blue-crowned trogon (T. curucui)

Certain plumage features map onto the phylogeny. In Clade A the females are brown-backed while in the other two clades females are gray-backed. The males in Clade A are all green-headed. In Clade B the males are green-headed and have mostly dark undertail patterns. In Clade C males are blue- or black-headed and have white or contrasting black-and-white undertail patterns. The belly color does not map onto the phylogeny. For example, in Clade C Baird's trogon is red-bellied while the white-tailed trogon is yellow-bellied. Similarly, the blue-crowned trogon is red-bellied while the Guianan trogon is yellow-bellied.^[7]

Species

The 20 species now recognised in the genus are:^[8]

Scientific name	Common Name	Distribution
Black-throated trogon or Yellow-bellied Trogon	Trogon rufus	Honduras south to western Ecuador and northern Argentina
Elegant trogon	Trogon elegans	Guatemala in the south as far north as the upper Gila River in Arizona and New Mexico
Mountain trogon	Trogon mexicanus	Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico and has occurred in El Salvador
Collared trogon	Trogon collaris	northern Colombia, northern Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago
Masked trogon	Trogon personatus	the Andes
Lattice-tailed trogon	Trogon clathratus	Costa Rica and Panama
Slaty-tailed trogon	Trogon massena	southeastern Mexico south through Central America, to Colombia, and a small region of northwestern Ecuador
Ecuadorian trogon	Trogon mesurus (split from T. melanurus)	western Ecuador and far north-western Peru
Chocó trogon	Trogon comptus	western Colombia and north-western Ecuador.
Black-tailed trogon	Trogon melanurus	north-western South America and adjacent Panama
Citreoline trogon	Trogon citreolus	western Mexico
Black-headed trogon	Trogon melanocephalus	northern Colombia, northern Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago
Green-backed trogon	Trogon viridis	the Amazon, the Guiana Shield, Trinidad, and the Atlantic Forest in eastern Brazil
Baird's trogon	Trogon bairdii	Costa Rica and far western Panama
White-tailed trogon	Trogon chionurus (split from T. viridis)	Chocó, ranging from Panama, through western Colombia, to western Ecuador
Gartered trogon	Trogon caligatus (split from T. violaceus)	east-central Mexico, south through Central America, to west or north of the Andes in Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela
Amazonian trogon	Trogon ramonianus (split from T. violaceus)	the Amazon
Surucua trogon	Trogon surrucura	south-eastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, and far north-eastern Argentina and Uruguay
Guianan trogon	Trogon violaceus	Mexico, Central America, and northern South America
Blue-crowned trogon	Trogon curucui	Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, and Peru

References

^ ^a ^b Hilty, Steven L. (2003), Birds of Venezuela, Princeton University Press, p. 438, ISBN 0-691-09250-8
^ ^a ^b Williamson, Sheri L.; Colston, P. R. (2003), "Trogons", in Christopher Perrins (ed.), Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds, Firefly Books, pp. 362–363, ISBN 1-55297-777-3
^ Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés (in French and Latin). Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. Vol. 1, p. 42, Vol. 4, p. 164.
^ Dickinson, E.C.; Remsen, J.V. Jr., eds. (2013). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. 1: Non-passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. p. 280. ISBN 978-0-9568611-0-8.
^ Jobling, J.A. (2019). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
^ Möhring, Paul Heinrich Gerhard (1752). Avium Genera (in Latin). Avricae: apvd G.G. Rvmp. p. 85, No. 114.
^ ^a ^b Dacosta, Jeffrey M.; Klicka, John (2008). "The great American interchange in birds: a phylogenetic perspective with the genus Trogon". Molecular Ecology. 17 (5): 1328–1343. Bibcode:2008MolEc..17.1328D. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03647.x. PMID 18302692. S2CID 25090736.
^ ^a ^b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Mousebirds, trogons, Cuckoo Roller". World Bird List Version 9.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 7 April 2019.

This Trogoniformes-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[Hilty-1] Hilty, Steven L. (2003), Birds of Venezuela, Princeton University Press, p. 438, ISBN 0-691-09250-8

[Firefly-2] Williamson, Sheri L.; Colston, P. R. (2003), "Trogons", in Christopher Perrins (ed.), Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds, Firefly Books, pp. 362–363, ISBN 1-55297-777-3

[3] Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés (in French and Latin). Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. Vol. 1, p. 42, Vol. 4, p. 164.

[4] Dickinson, E.C.; Remsen, J.V. Jr., eds. (2013). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. 1: Non-passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. p. 280. ISBN 978-0-9568611-0-8.

[hbwkey-5] Jobling, J.A. (2019). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 9 April 2019.

[6] Möhring, Paul Heinrich Gerhard (1752). Avium Genera (in Latin). Avricae: apvd G.G. Rvmp. p. 85, No. 114.

[dacosta-7] Dacosta, Jeffrey M.; Klicka, John (2008). "The great American interchange in birds: a phylogenetic perspective with the genus Trogon". Molecular Ecology. 17 (5): 1328–1343. Bibcode:2008MolEc..17.1328D. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03647.x. PMID 18302692. S2CID 25090736.

[ioc-8] Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Mousebirds, trogons, Cuckoo Roller". World Bird List Version 9.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 7 April 2019.

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Trogons (order: Trogoniformes · family: Trogonidae)
Genus	Species
Apaloderma	Narina trogon Bare-cheeked trogon Bar-tailed trogon
Apalharpactes	Javan trogon Sumatran trogon
Harpactes	Malabar trogon Red-naped trogon Diard's trogon Philippine trogon Whitehead's trogon Cinnamon-rumped trogon Scarlet-rumped trogon Red-headed trogon Orange-breasted trogon Ward's trogon
Priotelus	Cuban trogon Hispaniolan trogon
Trogon	Black-headed trogon Citreoline trogon White-tailed trogon Baird's trogon Guianan trogon Amazonian trogon Gartered trogon Mountain trogon White-eyed trogon Collared trogon Elegant trogon Orange-bellied trogon Masked trogon Black-throated trogon Amazonian Atlantic Choco Northern Surucua trogon Northern Surucua trogon Blue-crowned trogon Black-tailed trogon Green-backed trogon Ecuadorian trogon Slaty-tailed trogon Lattice-tailed trogon
Euptilotis	Eared quetzal
Pharomachrus	Resplendent quetzal Crested quetzal White-tipped quetzal Golden-headed quetzal Pavonine quetzal