User:Erik Zachte/Museum Boerhaave/Test
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In the early years of the nineteenth Century, 4 Dutch physicists received a Nobel Prize in quick succession. This room is dedicated to their work and legacy.
- In 1902 Hendrik Lorentz (1853-1928) and Pieter Zeeman (1865-1943). For their combined work on and discovery of the Zeeman effect, where spectral lines split under the influence of a magnetic field.
- In 1910 Johannes Diderik van der Waals (1837-1923) thermodynamicist famous for his work on an equation of state for gases and liquids.
- In 1913 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (1853-1926). Onnes was the first to liquify helium (1908), and the discoverer of superconductivity. For many years his laboratory was the coldest place on earth.
On display are a helium liquefier and associated tools, devices to measure superconductivity (e.g. rheostats), and to automatically record measurements: a cathode tube, a thermograph, drum recorders and a paper tape recorder.
Also large (from todays perspective) devices, mostly made from wood and copper, to measure and display electricity (1900-1930): volt meters, a resistance box, radio valves, a universal bridge, mirror galvanometers, a quadrant electrometer .
Apparatusses to study radiation: a Wilson cloud chamber, an electrometer with ionization chamber, X-ray, cathode-ray and canal ray tubes, a fluorescent lamp.
Equipment to study the properties of light (and radio waves in general), including the wave–particle duality (most 1900-1910): a slit, a polarizer, a photo-electric cell, a Fresnel double mirror, lenses, a induction coil, a photosensitive resistor, a spectroscope, an oscillograph , a wireless receiver, a microphone, standards of self-induction.
Also Zeeman's Nobel Prize diploma and medal and a lab diary, an electromagnet with polar pieces, 3D plaster models to visualize thermodynamic properties (e.g. phase transitions),