User:Giggles5858/Queen bee acid
Formation of Queen Bee Acid
The formation of Royal Jelly begins with pollen. Pollen may be sourced naturally by the bee and this way of collecting pollen is deemed the best in origin of protein for their nutritive requirements. The downside to naturally collecting pollen is that the amount of protein within the pollen may vary in relation to the flowers they collect from have different pollen levels. Another source of pollen is when bees are in captivity and beekeepers provide pollen substances. The fresh sourced pollen or stored pollen stimulates the hypopharyngeal glands of a particular type of worker bee called nurse bees. These nurse bees produce royal jelly and feed it to young developing queen bee larvae, the queen bee, and worker bee larvae that are up to 72 hours of age.
Chemical composition of Royal Jelly
The chemical composition of royal jelly is 50-60% water, 18% protein, 15% carbohydrates, 3-6% lipids, 1.5% mineral salts, and vitamins.
There are about 185 organic compounds that are found within royal jelly. Bioactive compounds have been detected in royal jelly. These bioactive compounds are said to improve health and are said to contain properties that stimulate the immune system and may aid in fighting diseases.
Royal Jelly Influences Within Bee Community
Royal jelly has other contributions within the bee community other than food for new nursing bees. Royal jelly is a key factor in the differentiation of sexes of queen bees. It may dictate sex differentiation and give rise to a new queen for the colony who needs one.
References
Buttstedt, Erler, Moritz. Front zool. More than royal food - Major royal jelly protein genes in sexuals and workers of the honeybee Apis mellifera. Nov 27 2013.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24279675/
Somerville, Doug. Honey bee nutrition and supplementary feeding. NSW Agriculture. July 2000.
https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117494/honey-bee-nutrition-supplementary-feeding.pdf
Hua Gan, Pasupuleti, Ramesh, Sammugam. Oxid Med Cell Longev. Honey, Propolis, and Royal Jelly: A Comprehensive Review of Their Biological Actions and Health Benefits. Jul 26 2017
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5549483/
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
(E)-10-Hydroxydec-2-enoic acid
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| Other names
10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid
Royal Jelly acid | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider | |
| MeSH | C055543 |
PubChem CID
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| UNII | |
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| Properties | |
| C10H18O3 | |
| Molar mass | 186.251 g·mol−1 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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The queen bee acid (10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid) or 10-HDA is a bio-active compound found in royal jelly.[1][2][3][4]
Royal jelly is created in the hypopharyngeal and mandibular glands of the female worker bees' heads in order to feed the prospective queen larvae as well as feeding the queen herself.[5]
Royal jelly acid is being investigated for its pharmacological activities. Reports indicate that it promotes neurogenesis of neural stem/progenitor cells (cells capable of differentiating into neurons, astrocytes, or oligodendrocytes) in vitro and could provide an effective method to treat and prevent neurological disorders.[6]
In addition, royal jelly acid has been reported to have anti-tumor, anti-biotic, immunomodulatory, estrogenic, neurogenic, and innate immune response modulating activities.[7]
In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration has taken legal action against companies that have used unfounded claims of health benefits to market royal jelly products.[8][9]
Products from bees are considered to be a great source of nullifying the effects of oxidative stress underlying the pathogenesis of many diseases.[10] In diseases such as Parkinson's disease, the application of β-amyrin can aid in therapy.[10]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]References[edit]
[edit]- ^ Bian, M. T. [Determination of 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid in ginseng royal jelly by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography]. Chung Yao Tung Pao. 12(6):41-43, 1987.
- ^ Bloodworth, BC; Harn, CS; Hock, CT; Boon, YO (Jul–Aug 1995). "Liquid chromatographic determination of trans-10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid content of commercial products containing royal jelly" (PDF). Journal of AOAC International. 78 (4): 1019–23. doi:10.1093/jaoac/78.4.1019. PMID 7580313.
- ^ Genç, Mahmut; Aslan, Abdurrahman (1999). "Determination of trans-10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid content in pure royal jelly and royal jelly products by column liquid chromatography". Journal of Chromatography A. 839 (1–2): 265–268. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00151-X. PMID 10327631.
- ^ Ji, N; Yu, RG; Yang, QH; Yu, PH; Li, Y (Jul 1987). "[Determination of 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) in royal jelly by gas liquid chromatography]". Zhong Yao Tong Bao (Beijing, China : 1981). 12 (9): 28–31, 62. PMID 3449246.
- ^ Guendouz, Malika; Haddi, Abir; Grar, Hadria; Kheroua, Omar; Saidi, Djamel; Kaddouri, Hanane (2017-01-01). "Preventive effects of royal jelly against anaphylactic response in a murine model of cow's milk allergy". Pharmaceutical Biology. 55 (1): 2145–2152. doi:10.1080/13880209.2017.1383487. ISSN 1388-0209.
- ^ Hattori, Noriko; Nomoto, Hiroshi; Fukumitsu, Hidefumi; Mishima, Satoshi; Furukawa, Shoei (2007-01-01). "Royal jelly and its unique fatty acid, 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid, promote neurogenesis by neural stem/progenitor cells in vitro". Biomedical Research. 28 (5): 261–266. doi:10.2220/biomedres.28.261. PMID 18000339.
- ^ Sugiyama, Tsuyoshi; Takahashi, Keita; Mori, Hiroshi (2012). "Royal Jelly Acid, 10-Hydroxy-trans-2-Decenoic Acid, as a Modulator of the Innate Immune Responses". Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets. 12 (4): 368–376. doi:10.2174/187153012803832530. PMID 23061418.
- ^ "Federal Government Seizes Dozens of Misbranded Drug Products: FDA warned company about making medical claims for bee-derived products". Food and Drug Administration. Apr 5, 2010.
- ^ "Inspections, Compliance, Enforcement, and Criminal Investigations: Beehive Botanicals, Inc". Food and Drug Administration. March 2, 2007.
- ^ a b Kocot, Joanna; Kiełczykowska, Małgorzata; Luchowska-Kocot, Dorota; Kurzepa, Jacek; Musik, Irena (2018). "Antioxidant Potential of Propolis, Bee Pollen, and Royal Jelly: Possible Medical Application". Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2018: 1–29. doi:10.1155/2018/7074209. ISSN 1942-0900.
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