User:Jmclau1/Piano Key Sign

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Piano key sign is a special orthopedic test used to look for an instability of the clavicle.

Purpose

The piano key sign is used to test for instability of the acromioclavicular notch. ^[1]

Procedure

The patient sits with the involved limb relaxed at the side, or stands facing the examiner.The examiner faces the patient placing one hand over affected area. Examiner applies pressure to the subject’s distal clavicle in an inferior direction. The examiner should always use a bilateral comparison when assessing the range of elevation and depression of the involved clavicle.^[1]

Mechanism

Results

When pressure is used to depress the clavicle into its normal resting position and subsequently watch the clavicle elevate again once the pressure is removed. This finding is indicative of the instability of the arcromioclavicular joint on the involved side. Significant clavicular elevation may also indicate coracoclavicular joint involvement.^[1]

Advere affects

If there is a notable fracture of the clavicle the examiner should not perform this special test. ^[2]

History

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Mason, E, and C Doyle. "Book Review : Special Tests for Orthopedic Examination, 3rd Ed. Jeff G. Konon, Denise L. Wiksten, Jerome A. Isear Jr, Holly Brader, Slack Inc., 2006, 374 Pages, @$22.95, Isbn 1-5564-2741-7." Physiotherapy. 95.1 (2009): 59-60. Print.
^ Starkey, Chad, Sara D. Brown, Jeffrey L. Ryan, Chad Starkey, and Chad Starkey. Orthopedic and Athletic Injury Examination Handbook. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Co, 2010.

Starkey, Chad, Sara D. Brown, Jeffrey L. Ryan, Chad Starkey, and Chad Starkey. Orthopedic and Athletic Injury Examination Handbook. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Co, 2010.

Mason, E, and C Doyle. "Book Review : Special Tests for Orthopedic Examination, 3rd Ed. Jeff G. Konon, Denise L. Wiksten, Jerome A. Isear Jr, Holly Brader, Slack Inc., 2006, 374 Pages, @$22.95, Isbn 1-5564-2741-7." Physiotherapy. 95.1 (2009): 59-60. Print.

External links

Videos

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFwXwPD1Lxw (Video will demonstrate the piano key sign special test)

http://ahn.mnsu.edu/athletictraining/spata/shouldermodule/specialtests.html (Video is under the text piano key sign0

[Mason-1] Mason, E, and C Doyle. "Book Review : Special Tests for Orthopedic Examination, 3rd Ed. Jeff G. Konon, Denise L. Wiksten, Jerome A. Isear Jr, Holly Brader, Slack Inc., 2006, 374 Pages, @$22.95, Isbn 1-5564-2741-7." Physiotherapy. 95.1 (2009): 59-60. Print.

[starky-2] Starkey, Chad, Sara D. Brown, Jeffrey L. Ryan, Chad Starkey, and Chad Starkey. Orthopedic and Athletic Injury Examination Handbook. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Co, 2010.

[1]

[2]