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[edit]

Electorate demographics

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Demographic Andrzej Duda Rafał Trzaskowski
Total vote 51.0% 49.0%
Sex
Men 51.9% 48.1%
Women 50.3% 49.7%
Age
18–29 years old 36.3% 63.7%
30–39 years old 45.3% 54.7%
40–49 years old 45.6% 54.4%
50–59 years old 59.7 40.3%
60 or older 62.5% 37.5%
Occupation
Company owner 34.1% 65.9%
Manager/expert 32.6% 67.4%
Admin/services 55.3% 44.7%
Farmer 81.4% 18.6%
Worker 66.4% 33.6%
Student 30.1% 69.9%
Unemployed 65.4% 34.6%
Retired 64.1% 35.9%
Others 50.6% 49.4%
Agglomeration
Rural 63.8% 36.2%
<50,000 pop. 46.9% 53.1%
51,000 - 200,000 pop. 49.6% 50.4%
201,000 – 500,000 pop. 38.7% 61.3%
>500,000 pop. 34.2% 65.8%
Education
Elementary 77.3% 22.7%
Vocational 75.0% 25.0%
Secondary 50.9% 49.1%
Higher 34.9% 65.1%
Sejm vote in 2019
Law and Justice 96.9% 3.1%
Civic Coalition 1.8% 98.2
The Left 8.3% 91.7%
Polish Coalition 29.4% 70.6%
Confederation 40.0% 60.0%
Others 16.8% 83.2%
Didn't vote 38.3% 61.7%
Don't remember 40.1% 59.9%
First-round president vote in 2020
Robert Biedroń 16.0% 84.0%
Krzysztof Bosak 52.3% 47.7%
Andrzej Duda 99.1% 0.9%
Szymon Hołownia 15.0% 85.0%
Marek Jakubiak 65.9% 34.1%
Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz 24.3% 75.7%
Mirosław Piotrowski 76.1% 23.9%
Paweł Tanajno 13.0% 87.0%
Rafał Trzaskowski 0.7% 99.3%
Waldemar Witkowski 10.8% 89.2%
Stanisław Żółtek 34.7% 65.3%
Didn't vote 49.8% 50.2%
Don't remember 39.2% 60.8%
Second-round president vote in 2015
Andrzej Duda 91.1% 8.9%
Bronisław Komorowski 4.4% 95.6%
Didn't vote 30.1% 69.9%
Don't remember 39.2% 60.8%
Source: Ipsos[1]

Campaign spending

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Party 2001 2024
Spent Cost Spent Cost
SLD-UP 26,995,002 5,05 13,500,029 2,53
PO 16,319,018 9,88 8,161,037 4,94
SRP 1,862,470 1,40 931,409 0,70
PiS 5,302,842 4,29 2,651,917 2,14
PSL 9,409,950 8,05 4,705,856 4,03
LPR 514,841 0,50 257,468 0,25
Source: [2]

Results

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Sejm

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Party or allianceVotes%Seats+/–
Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government5,292,72546.70249+124
CentrolewPolish Socialist Party1,965,86417.3523–42
Peasant Party18–8
Polish People's Party "Piast"15–2
Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie"15–25
National Workers' Party8–6
Total79–89
National List1,443,16512.7363+25
Ukrainian-Belarusian Electoral Bloc725,9846.4121+4
People's Catholic Bloc430,0743.7914-20
German Electoral Bloc309,7132.735-
Unity of Workers and Peasants232,3142.0540
Bloc of the Defence of the Rights of the Jewish Nation246,8402.182-
Jewish National Bloc184,9681.634-
All-Jewish National Economic Bloc150,1461.321-
Socialists' Bloc52,4330.461-
ZLCh Samopomoc [pl]22,9190.201-
Polish Socialist Party – former Revolutionary Faction [pl]74,0960.650-
Bloc of the Socialist LeftGeneral Jewish Labour Bund in Poland71,1230.630
Independent Socialist Labour Party
Sel-Rob "Jedność" [pl]23,7220.210-
Poale Zion19,2060.170-
Central Union of Cultural and Economic Organizations12,3590.110-
Ruska Selańska Organizacja11,4650.100-1
Ukrainian Labour Party [pl]10,7440.090-
Polish Socialist Party - Left [pl]7,9580.070-
Monarchists1,8160.0200
Others44,1610.390-
Total11,333,795100.004440
Valid votes11,333,79595.92
Invalid/blank votes482,6184.08
Total votes11,816,413100.00
Registered voters/turnout15,791,27874.83
Source: Statystyka Wyborów do Sejmu i Senatu z dnia 16 i 23 Listopada 1930 roku (PDF). Warsaw. 1935. p. XXX.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Senate

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PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government3,715,27354.6677+29
Centrolew882,63612.9913
National List882,21512.9812+3
Ukrainian-Belarusian Electoral Bloc434,0426.394+2
German Electoral Bloc236,4713.483-18
People's Catholic Bloc160,4442.362–4
All-Jewish National Economic Bloc148,5222.190-
Bloc of the Defence of the Rights of the Jewish Nation146,7262.160-
Jewish National Bloc79,3581.170-
Unity of Workers and Peasants60,4450.890-
Socialists' Bloc15,7130.230-
Polish Socialist Party – former Revolutionary Faction [pl]10,5100.150-
Sel-Rob "Jedność" [pl]8,7630.130-
Ruska Sielańska Organizacja7,5940.110-
Central Union of Cultural and Economic Organizations1,7440.030-
Polish Socialist Party - Left [pl]1430.000-
Others6,5890.100
Total6,797,188100.001110
Valid votes6,797,18898.36
Invalid/blank votes113,4031.64
Total votes6,910,591100.00
Registered voters/turnout10,894,32563.43
Source: Statystyka Wyborów do Sejmu i Senatu z dnia 16 i 23 Listopada 1930 roku (PDF). Warsaw. 1935. p. XXX.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

1995 Polish presidential election

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Candidate selection

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Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland

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Social Democracy

Aleksander Kwaśniewski
Defense.gov_News_Photo_030114-D-9880W-029_(cropped3).png
Member of the Sejm
(1989-2005)
Potential candidates
Aleksander Kwaśniewski Józef Oleksy
Defense.gov_News_Photo_030114-D-9880W-029_(cropped3).png
Józef Oleksy 2004.jpg
Chairman of Social Democracy
(1990-1995)
Prime Minister of Poland
(1995-1996)

During SdRP's Congress on 13 May, Kwaśniewski secured his party's endorsement for President with 296 out of 300 votes. Some delegates believed Józef Oleksy should become the candidate instead.[2][3]

Nonpartisan Bloc for Support of Reforms

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Nonpartisan Bloc for Support of Reforms

Lech Wałęsa
Walesa.png
President of Poland
(1990-1995)
Potential candidates
Lech Wałęsa Tadeusz Mazowiecki Andrzej Stelmachowski
Wybory 1989 13.jpg
ZdrojewskiMazowiecki19-02-1991fotoMieczyslawMichalak.jpg
Andrzej Stelmachowski.jpg
Chairman of Solidarity
(1980-1991)
Prime Minister of Poland
(1989-1991)
Marshal of the Senate
(1989-1991)

The conflict between Wałęsa and Mazowiecki grew irrenconcilable by late 1990. After several failed attempts at reconciliation and political clashes over positions in the Solidarity movement and trade union, the final attempts at finding a compromise for the presidential election were organized by clergy of the Catholic Church. One was held on 7 July, another on 31 August, where Mazowiecki tried and failed to convince Wałęsa to abandon his presidential ambitions, even promising to field a compromise candidate (presumably Senate Marshal Andrzej Stelmachowski). A last chance at conciliation took place on 18 September, during a meeting with Primate Józef Glemp. Ultimately, the two adversaries from Solidarity ran opposing campaigns - Wałęsa was endorsed by the Centre Agreement, and Mazowiecki by the Citizens' Movement for Democratic Action and Forum of the Democratic Right. The Solidarity movement mostly sided with Wałesa during the election[2].


Freedom Union

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Freedom Union

Jacek Kuroń
Tablica Jacek Kuroń skwer Jacka Kuronia w Warszawie (cropped).jpg
Member of the Sejm
(1989-1993)
Potential candidates
Jacek Kuroń Janusz Onyszkiewicz Hanna Suchocka
Tablica Jacek Kuroń skwer Jacka Kuronia w Warszawie (cropped).jpg
Janusz Onyszkiewicz.jpg
Hanna Suchocka, Prime Minister of Poland 1992-1993.jpg
Minister of Labour and Social Policy
(1992-1993)
Minister of National Defence
(1992-1993)
Prime Minister of Poland
(1992-1993)

During the 2nd Congress of the Freedom Union, three candidates decided to enter the party's candidate selection process: Jacek Kuroń, Janusz Onyszkiewicz and Hanna Suchocka. Suchocka, despite being the highest-ranking of the former three candidates, came last in the first round. The second round of voting saw Kuroń defeat Onyszkiewicz by a slight margin of 11 votes, and the former Minister of Labour became the party's official candidate for President.[2]

Movement for the Republic

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Movement for the Republic

Jan Olszewski
Jan Olszewski 3.jpg
Prime Minister of Poland
(1991-1992)
Potential candidates
Jan Olszewski Lech Wałęsa
Jan Olszewski 3.jpg
Wybory 1989 13.jpg
Prime Minister of Poland
(1991-1992)
Chairman of Solidarity
(1980-1991)

In August 1990, the KPN was split, with ~300 of its ~1500 members seceding, forming the Confederation of Independent Poland – Democratic Faction (Polish: Konfederacja Polski Niepodległej – Frakcja Demokratyczna, KPN-FD), accusing KPN's leader Leszek Moczulski of authoritarian rule over the party. When elections were called, whereas KPN-FD endorsed Wałęsa outright, KPN offered to endorse Wałęsa, on several conditions: for Wałesa to support an instant resignation of President Jaruzelski, immediate withdrawal of the Soviet Army from Poland and condemn the Balcerowicz Plan. Ultimately, with Wałęsa not fitting the conditions, Leszek Moczulski decided to himself run in the election[4]. With 111 thousand out of 100 thousand required signatures, he managed to pass the threshold to run.[2]

Polish People's Party

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Polish People's Party

Waldemar Pawlak
Waldemar Pawlak candidate 2010 C.jpg
Member of the Sejm
(1989-1993)
Potential candidates
Waldemar Pawlak Józef Zych
Waldemar Pawlak candidate 2010 C.jpg
Józef Zych 1995.jpg
Member of the Sejm
(1989-1993)
Member of the Sejm
(1989-2015)

On 10 October, the Supreme Executive Committee of PSL declared the candidacy of party chairman Roman Bartoszcze. However, Bartoszcze, as an anti-communist oppositionist, was disliked by the postcommunist ex-ZSL wing of the party. As such, the parliamentary club of PSL, which was seated mostly by members from the ZSL wing, declared ZSL activist Józef Zych's candidacy on 11 October. The next day, the crisis was resolved, as the Supreme Council of PSL confirmed Bartoszcze's candidacy, which believed that voters would be much more likely to support a candidate which did not derive from the communist establishment.[2]

Convent of St. Catherine

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Convent of Saint Catherine

Hanna Gronkiewcz-Waltz
Gronkiewicz 1 (cropped).jpg
President of the National Bank
(1992-2001)
Potential candidates
Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz Leszek Moczulski Jan Olszewski Adam Strzembosz Henryk Bąk Wojciech Ziembiński Roman Ciesielski Jan Parys
Gronkiewicz 1 (cropped).jpg
Leszek Moczulski 1978 1980 (cropped).jpg
Jan Olszewski 3.jpg
Adam Strzembosz.JPG
Wojciech Ziembiński.jpg
Roman Ciesielski (profesor).jpg
Jan Parys.JPG
President of the National Bank of Poland
(1992-2001)
Member of the Sejm
(1993-1997)
Prime Minister of Poland
(1991-1992)
Chairman of the Supreme Court of Poland
(1990-1998)
Deputy Marshal of the Sejm
(1991-1993)
Anti-communist oppositionist Member of the Senat
(1989-1991)
Minister of National Defence
(1991-1992)

In August 1990, the KPN was split, with ~300 of its ~1500 members seceding, forming the Confederation of Independent Poland – Democratic Faction (Polish: Konfederacja Polski Niepodległej – Frakcja Demokratyczna, KPN-FD), accusing KPN's leader Leszek Moczulski of authoritarian rule over the party. When elections were called, whereas KPN-FD endorsed Wałęsa outright, KPN offered to endorse Wałęsa, on several conditions: for Wałesa to support an instant resignation of President Jaruzelski, immediate withdrawal of the Soviet Army from Poland and condemn the Balcerowicz Plan. Ultimately, with Wałęsa not fitting the conditions, Leszek Moczulski decided to himself run in the election[4]. With 111 thousand out of 100 thousand required signatures, he managed to pass the threshold to run.[2]

Other candidates

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Labour Union

Real Politics Union

Samoobrona

Independent

Independent

Independent

Independent

Tadeusz Zieliński Janusz Korwin-Mikke Andrzej Lepper Jan Pietrzak Tadeusz Koźluk Kazimierz Piotrowicz Leszek Bubel
Tadeusz Zieliński (prawnik).JPG
Kampania reklamowa przed wyborami do Senatu i Sejmu - Poznań - 004294n (cropped).jpg
Andrzej Lepper in his office 2002 (2).jpg
Jan Pietrzak.jpg
Leszek Bubel i Janusz Rewiński.jpg
Ombudsman in Poland
(1992-1996)
Member of the Sejm
(1991-1993)
Agriculturist Satirist Lawyer Entrepreneur Member of the Sejm
(1991-1993)

Withdrawn candidates

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Centre Agreement

Republicans Party

Confederation of Independent Poland

Independent

Lech Kaczyński Marek Markiewicz Leszek Moczulski Bogdan Pawłowski
Lech Kaczyński, 1991.png
Marek Markiewicz.JPG
Leszek Moczulski 1978 1980 (cropped).jpg
Member of the Sejm
(1991-1993)
Chairman of KRRiT
(1993-1994)
Member of the Sejm
(1993-1997)
Entrepreneur
Endorsed Jan Olszewski Endorsed Lech Wałęsa Endorsed Lech Wałęsa Endorsed Lech Wałęsa

Rejected candidates

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The following candidates registered to run, but failed to cross the threshold of 100,000 signatures required to run in the election:

Notes

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References

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  1. ^ "Sondażowe wyniki wyborów". Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Dudek, Antoni (2023). Historia polityczna Polski 1989–2023 [Polish political history 1989-2023] (in Polish). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar. ISBN 978-83-67450-66-9.
  3. ^ Woliński, Przemysław. Transformacja Sojuszu Lewicy Demokratycznej – od koalicji wyborczej do partii politycznej.
  4. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Szyc was invoked but never defined (see the help page).