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Worldwide growth of photovoltaics has been fitting an exponential curve for more than two decades. During this period of time, photovoltaics (PV), also known as solar PV, has evolved from a pure niche market of small scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source. When solar PV systems were first recognized as a promising renewable energy technology, programs, such as feed-in tariffs, were implemented by a number of governments in order to provide economic incentives for investments. For several years, growth was mainly driven by Japan and pioneering European countries. As a consequence, cost of solar declined significantly due to improvements in technology and economies of scale, even more so when production of solar cells and modules started to ramp up in China.[1] Since then, deployment of photovoltaics is gaining momentum on a worldwide scale, particularly in Asia but also in North America and other regions, where solar PV is now increasingly competing with conventional energy sources as grid parity has already been reached in about 30 countries.[2]: 9 

Projections for photovoltaic growth are difficult and burdened with many uncertainties. Official agencies, such as the International Energy Agency consistently increased their estimates over the years, but still fell short of actual deployment.[3][4][5]

Historically, the United States had been the leader of installed photovoltaics for many years, and its total capacity amounted to 77 megawatts in 1996—more than any other country in the world at the time. Then, Japan stayed ahead as the world's leader of produced solar electricity until 2005, when Germany took the lead. The country is currently approaching the 40,000 megawatt mark. China is expected to continue its rapid growth and to triple its PV capacity to 70,000 megawatts by 2017.[6][7] In 2015, China became world's largest producer of photovoltaic power.[8][9][10] By the end of 2015, cumulative photovoltaic capacity reached at least 227 gigawatts (GW), sufficient to supply 1 percent of global electricity demands. Solar now contributes 8%, 7.4% percent and 7.1 percent to the respective annual domestic consumption in Italy, Greece and Germany.[11] For 2016, worldwide deployment of up to 77 GW is being forecasted, and installed capacity is projected to more than double or even triple beyond 500 GW between now and 2020.[12] By 2050, solar power is anticipated to become the world's largest source of electricity, with solar photovoltaics and concentrated solar power contributing 16 and 11 percent, respectively. This will require PV capacity to grow to 4,600 GW, of which more than half is forecasted to be deployed in China and India.[13]


Forecast

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Forecast for 2016

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In April 2016, Mercom Capital Group, forecasted global solar installations to reach 66.7 GW with China, the United States, Japan and India to make up the top four solar markets in 2016.[14] However, in December 2016, Mercom increased their 2016 forecast to 76GW.[15]

Market research firm IHS forecast in February global installations to reach 69 GW in 2016. Meanwhile, Greentech Media has a 2016 forecast of 64 GW.[16] In December 2016, IHS updated their 2016 forecast to 77GW.[17]

Forecast for 2015

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Projected global growth (MW)
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
2009
2011
2013
2015
2017
2019
Projected global cumulative capacity in MW

  historical cumulative capacity
  average projection for 2015 (+55 GW, 233 GW)
  low scenario reaches 396 GW by 2019
  high scenario reaches 540 GW by 2019

Source: SPE, Global Market Outlook 2015,[12]: 14  amended with industry average for 2015[a]

In June 2015, SolarPower Europe (SPE) – the former European Photovoltaic Industry Association (EPIA) – released its new report, Global Market Outlook for Solar Power 2015–2019. The European PV organization expects global installations to grow between 41 GW and 60 GW, marked by their low and high scenario, respectively.[b][12]: 14  A year before, the European lobby association estimated 2015 to grow by 35–53 GW.[18]: 39 

The International Energy Agency (IEA) will still have to update its forecast in the course of 2015. This is expected to happen on 1 October 2015, when the Medium-Term Renewable Energy Market Report 2015 will be launched on the sidelines of the G20 summit in Istanbul, Turkey.[19] In August 2014, IEA forecasted 38 GW in its baseline scenario for 2015.[20] The IEA has been criticized for systematically underestimating the growth of photovoltaics in the past.[3]

IHS Technology forecasts global solar PV installations to grow by 59 GW or 33% in 2015.[21][22] The company also predicts an accelerated growth for concentrator photovoltaics, an increase in market-share of monocrystalline silicon technology over polycrystalline silicon, currently the leading semiconductor material used for solar cells (also see section Technologies), and that solar power in California will provide more than 10 percent of the state's annual power generation, higher than in Italy and Germany.[23]

Summary forecasts
Projections for 2015
IEA(a) 38 GW
SPE 51 GW
DB 54 GW
GTM 55 GW
BNEF 55 GW
MC 58 GW
IHS 59 GW
Ø for 2015 55 GW
(a) excluded from average

Deutsche Bank (DB) anticipates deployment to reach about 54 GW in 2015. An increase in investments and improvement of cost competitiveness is expected, while weaker oil prices are not seen to play a significant role for the solar sector.[24] They find that grid parity has arrived in 30 countries around the world (compared to 19 markets the year before[25]), as unsubsidized rooftop solar costs $0.08–$0.13 per kilowatt-hour, and is now below the retail prices of electricity in these markets. DB also estimates current installation cost to range from $1.00/W for utility-scale systems in China to $2.90/W for U.S. residential rooftop systems.[2]

For 2015, Mercom Capital (MC) predicts global installation to amount to 57.8 GW[26] (up from 54.5 GW predicted a few months earlier[27]), while Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF) foresees solar PV to add more than 55 GW. The 10 Predictions For Clean Energy In 2015 by Michael Liebreich mentions the spread of PV to more and more localities in Africa, the trend of imposing taxes on rooftop systems, and the growing confidence among investors that solar is indeed a cheap source of power.[28][29] In June 2015, Greentech Media (GTM) Research estimated global PV installations at 55 GW for 2015 and notes that this corresponds to about half of the world's newly installed electricity generating capacity.[30]

About 40 countries are expected to install more than 100 megawatts in 2015 (compared to 25 countries in 2014).[23] In the United States, installations are predicted to grow by 7.9 GW (SEIA[31]) to 9.4 GW, up by about 30–45% over the record-year of 2014.[26][32][33] Both, the United Kingdom (2.9–3.5 GW) and Japan (9–10.4 GW) are being forecasted to set new records in 2015.[26][32] After three years of decline, installations in Europe are expected to grow again to 9.4 GW, up 19% over 2014.[22][34] The Chinese government set its own 2015 solar target to 17.8 GW, much higher than its original 2014 target it ultimately missed to achieve.[7] India is expected to install more than 2 GW, a tripling over the previous year.[35] A return of deployment in the gigawatt-scale is predicted for France, and record installations of 1.1 GW are expected for Thailand, while deployment in Australia and Germany would remain unchanged.[34] Latin America is forecasted to install 2.2 GW in 2015, with a significant contribution from the Central American region for the first time, while Chile and Mexico are expected to double and triple their installations, respectively. The projected top five Latin American installers of 2015 are Chile (1 GW), Honduras (460 MW), Mexico (195 MW), Guatemala (98 MW) and Panama (62 MW).[36] Rapid growth of solar PV is also expected to occur in Jordan, Pakistan and the Philippines.[23]: 11 [37]

Global short-term forecast (2020)

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Summary of forecasts
Forecasting company
or organization
Cumulative
by 2020
To be added
2015–2020
7
Ø Annual
installation
IEA (baseline, 2014) 403 GW 225 GW 38 GW
GlobalData (2014) 414 GW 236 GW 39 GW
SPE/EPIA (low scenario, 2015)1 444 GW 266 GW 44 GW
Frost & Sullivan (2015) 446 GW 268 GW 45 GW
IEA (enhanced case, 2014)2 490 GW 312 GW 52 GW
Grand View Research (2015) 490 GW 312 GW 52 GW
Citigroup (CitiResearch, 2013) 500 GW 322 GW 54 GW
PVMA (medium scenario, 2015)3 536 GW 358 GW 60 GW
IHS (10.5% CAGR, 2015)4 566 GW 388 GW 65 GW
BNEF (New Energy Outlook 2015)5 589 GW 411 GW 69 GW
SPE/EPIA (high scenario, 2015)1 630 GW 452 GW 75 GW
Fraunhofer (17% CAGR, 2015)6 668 GW 490 GW 82 GW
GTM Research (June, 2015) 696 GW 518 GW 86 GW
List ordered by ascending estimated capacities and publication date
 1 SPE – extrapolated 2019-projection (396 GW and 540 GW, resp.) [12]: 15 
 2 IEA – arithmetic mean of 465–515 GW [20]
 3 PVMA – average of scenarios (444–630 GW), read from diagram [38]
 4 IHS – extrapolated 2019-estimate, based on a CAGR of 10.5% [32][39]
 5 BNEF – figures may include contribution from CSP[29]
 6 FSH – external expert scenario based on a CAGR of 17% [40]: 19, 25 
 7 Difference to global cumulative as of the end of 2014 (178 GW) [12]: 5 

There are a number of short and medium term forecasts published by several organizations and market research companies. In addition, the International Energy Agency (IEA) and Solar Power Europe (SPE, the former EPIA) produce more than one scenario each. The summary table shows the different forecasts for global PV capacity by 2020. Projections are listed by ascending cumulative capacity. The table also shows the capacity that has to be installed from 2015–2020 and the average annual installation required to meet the projection. Conservative scenarios forecast capacity to reach 400 or more gigawatts, assuming declining annual installations from current levels, while more optimistic scenarios project cumulative capacity to grow beyond 500 GW. Only the most optimistic projections around 600 GW foresee annual installations to grow above 10 percent (p.a) in the near future.

The European Photovoltaic Industry Association expects the fastest PV growth to continue in China, South-East Asia, Latin America, the Middle-East, North Africa, and India. By 2019, worldwide capacity is projected to reach between 396 GW (low scenario) and 540 GW (high scenario). This corresponds to a more than doubling and tripling of installed capacity within five years, respectively.[12]: 15 

Consulting firm Frost & Sullivan projects global PV capacity to increase to 446 GW by 2020, with China, India and North America being the fastest growing regions, while Europe is expected to double its solar capacity from current levels.[41] Grand View Research, a market research and consulting firm, headquartered in San Francisco, published its solar PV forecast report in March 2015. The large PV potential in countries such as Brazil, Chile and Saudi Arabia has not expanded as expected and is supposed to be explored over the next six years. In addition, China's increase of manufacturing capacity is expected to further lowering global market prices. The consulting firm projects worldwide cumulative deployment to reach about 490 GW by 2020.[42]

The PV Market Alliance (PVMA), a recently founded consortium of several research bodies, sees global PV capacity to reach 444–630 GW by 2020. In its low scenario, annual installations are projected to grow from 40 to 50 gigawatts by the end of the decade, while its high scenario forecasts deployment to increase from 60 to 90 GW during the next five years. The medium scenario therefore expects annual PV installations to grow from 50 GW to 70 GW and to reach 536 GW by 2020.[38][43] PVMA's figures are in line with those published earlier by Solar Power Europe. In June 2015, Greentech Media (GTM) Research released its Global PV Demand Outlook for 2020. The company projects annual installations to increase from 40 GW to 135 GW and global cumulative capacity to reach almost 700 GW by 2020. GTM's outlook is the most aggressive of all forecasts to date, with projected deployment of 518 GW between 2015 and 2020, or more than twice as much as IEA's 225 GW baseline case scenario, published ten months earlier.[44]

IEA – projected annual PV installations
Year 2013-edition Diff 2014-edition 2015-edition
2013 30 GW +9 39 GW -
2014 30 GW +9 39 GW 39 GW
2015 33 GW +5 38 GW 42 GW
2016 36 GW +3 39 GW 42 GW
2017 38 GW -2 36 GW 39 GW
2018 40 GW -3 37 GW 41 GW
2019 n.a. n.a. 38 GW 43 GW
2020 n.a. n.a. 39 GW 45 GW
Source: IEA Medium Term Renewable Energy Market
data from 2013-edition,[45] 2014-edition[20] and 2015-edition[46]

The International Energy Agency (IEA) sees overall stagnating annual installations in the range of 36–39 GW until 2020, when global capacity will reach 403 GW, according to the highlighted baseline case scenario of the Medium Term Renewable Energy Market 2014 report.[20][47] Paradoxically, since the report's 2013-edition, projected cumulative for 2018 has increased by 6% from 308 GW to 326 GW, while the corresponding annual deployment decreased.[45] This is due to the fact that the International Energy Agency adjusted annual installations upward on the near-end – in order to meet actual deployment, while reducing estimates on the far-end. The result is a flat curve that stays below 40 GW until 2020 (see table). For 2017, the projected low of 36 GW concurs with the scheduled expiration of the solar investment tax credit (ITC) in the U.S. and the expected end of the solar boom in Japan. IEA's projected annual installation of less than 40 GW also leads to a negative growth rate, since expectations for 2015 are much higher (see Forecast for 2015). Such a decline, however, is unprecedented and has never been observed in the recorded history of solar PV deployment. This scenario makes IEA's baseline case the most conservative of all projections. In the less featured enhanced high case scenario, IEA estimates that "solar PV could reach a cumulative 465 GW to 515 GW in 2020"[20]: 8  and that "solar PV capacity could top 500 GW globally in 2020".[47]

By 2020, IEA's Technology Roadmap: Solar Photovoltaic Energy report expects China to account for over 110 GW of solar PV, while Japan and Germany would each reach around 50 GW. The United States would rank fourth at over 40 GW, followed by Italy and India with 25 GW and 15 GW. The United Kingdom, France and Australia, would have installed capacities of close to 10 GW each.[13]: 17  IEA released this outlook in September 2014 (see section below for more detail on the report). Two months later, however, India announced its intention to install 100 GW of solar PV by 2022, and another six months later, SEIA forecasted that the United States would reach 40 GW of cumulative PV capacity already by the end of 2016.[48][49] Furthermore, in July 2015, the UK was forecast to reach 10 GW by early 2016.[50] IEA will release its next roadmap report on solar PV in 2018.

Global long-term forecast (2050)

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In 2014, the International Energy Agency (IEA) released its latest edition of the Technology Roadmap: Solar Photovoltaic Energy report,[13] calling for clear, credible and consistent signals from policy makers.[51] The IEA also acknowledged to have previously underestimated PV deployment and reassessed its short-term and long-term goals.

IEA report Technology Roadmap: Solar Photovoltaic Energy (September 2014)[13]: 1 

Much has happened since our 2010 IEA technology roadmap for PV energy. PV has been deployed faster than anticipated and by 2020 will probably reach twice the level previously expected. Rapid deployment and falling costs have each been driving the other. This progress, together with other important changes in the energy landscape, notably concerning the status and progress of nuclear power and CCS, have led the IEA to reassess the role of solar PV in mitigating climate change. This updated roadmap envisions PV's share of global electricity rising up to 16% by 2050, compared with 11% in the 2010 roadmap.

IEA's long-term scenario for 2050 describes worldwide solar photovoltaics (PV) and concentrated solar thermal (CSP) capacity to reach 4,600 GW and 1,000 GW, respectively. In order to achieve IEA's projection, PV deployment of 124 GW and investments of $225 billion are required annually. This is about three and two times of current levels, respectively. By 2050, levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) generated by solar PV would cost between US 4¢ and 16¢ per kilowatt-hour (kWh), or by segment and on average, 5.6¢ per kWh for utility-scale power plants (range of 4¢ to 9.7¢), and 7.8¢ per kWh for solar rooftop systems (range of 4.9¢ to 15.9¢)[13]: 5, 24  These estimates are based on a weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of 8%. The report notes that when the WACC exceeds 9%, over half the LCOE of PV is made of financial expenditures, and that more optimistic assumptions of a lower WACC would therefore significantly reduce the LCOE of solar PV in the future.[13]: 24–25  The IEA also emphasizes that these new figures are not projections but rather scenarios they believe would occur if underlying economic, regulatory and political conditions played out.

In 2015, Fraunhofer ISE did a study commissioned by German renewable think tank Agora Energiewende and concluded that most scenarios fundamentally underestimate the role of solar power in future energy systems.[52] Fraunhofer's study (see summary of its conclusions below) differs significantly form IEA's roadmap report on solar PV technology despite being published only a few months apart. The report foresees worldwide installed PV capacity to reach as much as 30,700 GW by 2050. By then, Fraunhofer expects LCOE for utility-scale solar farms to reach €0.02 to €0.04 per kilowatt-hour, or about half of what the International Energy Agency has been projecting (4¢ to 9.7¢). Turnkey system costs would decrease by more than 50% to €436/kWp from currently €995/kWp.[40]: 67  This is also noteworthy, as IEA's roadmap published significantly higher estimates of $1,400 to $3,300 per kWp for eight major markets around the world (see table Typical PV system prices in 2013 below).[13]: 15  However, the study agrees with IEA's roadmap report by emphasizing the importance of the cost of capital (WACC), which strongly depends on regulatory regimes and may even outweigh local advantages of higher solar insolation.[40]: 1, 53  In the study, a WACC of 5%, 7.5% and 10% is used to calculate the projected levelized cost of electricity for utility-scale solar PV in 18 different markets worldwide.[40]: 65 

Fraunhofer ISE: Current and Future Cost of Photovoltaics. Long-term Scenarios for Market Development, System Prices and LCOE of Utility-Scale PV Systems. Study on behalf of Agora Energiewende (February 2015)[40]: 1 

  1. Solar photovoltaics is already today a low-cost renewable energy technology. Cost of power from large scale photovoltaic installations in Germany fell from over 40 ct/kWh in 2005 to 9 cts/kWh in 2014. Even lower prices have been reported in sunnier regions of the world, since a major share of cost components is traded on global markets.
  2. Solar power will soon be the cheapest form of electricity in many regions of the world. Even in conservative scenarios and assuming no major technological breakthroughs, an end to cost reduction is not in sight. Depending on annual sunshine, power cost of 4–6 cts/kWh are expected by 2025, reaching 2–4 ct/kWh by 2050 (conservative estimate).
  3. Financial and regulatory environments will be key to reducing cost in the future. Cost of hardware sourced from global markets will decrease irrespective of local conditions. However, inadequate regulatory regimes may increase cost of power by up to 50 percent through higher cost of finance. This may even overcompensate the effect of better local solar resources.
  4. Most scenarios fundamentally underestimate the role of solar power in future energy systems. Based on outdated cost estimates, most scenarios modeling future domestic, regional or global power systems foresee only a small contribution of solar power. The results of our analysis indicate that a fundamental review of cost-optimal power system pathways is necessary.

Regional forecasts

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PV capacity growth in China
In October 2015, China's National Energy Administration (NDRC) set an ambitious 23.1 GW target for 2015, upgrading its previous target of 17.8 GW from March 2015, which was already more than the entire global PV capacity installed in 2010.[7][53] With this revised target, China will have surpassed Germany's total capacity of 40 GW by the end of the year and become the world's largest overall producer of photovoltaic power.
As of October 2015, China plans to install 150 GW of solar power by 2020,[54] an increase of 50 GW compared to the 2020-target announced in October 2014, when China planned to install 100 GW of solar power—along with 200 GW of wind, 350 GW of hydro and 58 GW of nuclear power.[55]
Overall, China has consistently increased its annual and short term targets. However estimates, targets and actual deployment have differed substantially in the past: in 2013 and 2014, China was expected to continue to install 10 GW per year.[18]: 37  In February 2014, China's NDRC upgraded its 2014 target from 10 GW to 14 GW[56] (later adjusted to 13 GW[57]) and ended up installing an estimated 10.6 GW due to shortcomings in the distributed PV sector.[58]
By 2016, India plans to have constructed the world’s largest solar farm with a capacity of 750 MW. The country plans to install 100 GW capacity of solar power by 2022, a five-time increase from a previous target.[59] However, India's solar PV deployment was below expectation and actually declined from 1,115 MW in 2013 to 616 MW in 2014, which contrasts with the country’s positive policy tone towards solar PV. In 2015, record installations are 3018 MW against expectation of 2 GW.[35] As of July 13, 2015, total commissioned capacity in India surpassed 4 GW and stands at 4,096 MW, with the state Rajasthan and Gujarat taking the lead with 1,164 MW and 1,000 MW, respectively.[60]
For 2014, installations in Japan reached an all time record level of 9.7 GW, compared to 6.9 GW in 2013. By the end of 2014, Japan's installed PV capacity of 23.3 GW can now contribute about 2.5% to the overall domestic electricity demand.[61]: 13  In 2014, Japan also overtook Italy (18.5 GW) as the world's third largest PV nation in terms of cumulative capacity. IHS forecasts that Japan will retain its position as the world's second largest solar market for new installations and grow by 4%, adding another 10.4 GW in 2015.[32]
In March 2015, SEIA, the Solar Energy Industries Association and GTM Research, released their U.S. estimate for 2014. In the United States, a total of 6.2 gigawatts had been installed, up 30 percent over 2013 (vs. previous projection of 6.5 GW in September 2014). This brings the country’s cumulative PV total to 18.3 GW. However, according to IHS, U.S. deployment amounted to 7 GW in 2014, or 800 MW higher than SEIA reported.[32] In June 2014 Barclays downgraded bonds of U.S. utility companies. Barclays expects more competition by a growing self-consumption due to a combination of decentralized PV-systems and residential electricity storage. This could fundamentally change the utility's business model and transform the system over the next ten years, as prices for these systems are predicted to fall.[62] For 2015, annual PV installations are predicted to increase to 8.1 GW (cumulative of 26.4 GW) by the end of the year.[33] Other sources see U.S. deployment to increase by approximately 9 GW in 2015, before peaking in 2016.[26][32] In May 2015, SEIA predicted U.S. PV-market to grow by 25% to 50% in 2016, with a cumulative PV capactiy of 40 GW by the end of 2016. Roughly, this translates into 13 GW of added capacity in 2016.[49]
PV watts per capita in Europe for 2014 and 2015 (projection)
  <0.1, n/a
  0.1–1
  1–10
  10–50
  50–100
  100–150
  150–200
  200–300
  300–450
  >450
(also see animated map, 1992–2014)
By 2020, the European Photovoltaic Industry Association (EPIA) expects PV capacity to pass 150 GW. It finds the EC-supervised national action plans for renewables (NREAP) turned out to be too conservative, as the goal of 84 GW of solar PV by 2020 had already been surpassed in 2014 (prelim. figures account for close to 88 GW by the end of 2014).[61] For 2030, EPIA originally predicted solar PV to reach between 330 and 500 GW, supplying 10 to 15 percent of Europe's electricity demand. However, recent reassessments are more pessimistic and point to a 7 to 11 percent share, if no major policy changes are undertaken.[18]: 35 
In 2014, overall European markets continued to decline despite strong growth in some countries. These countries, with their percentage-increase of total capacity, were, the United Kingdom (+80%), the Netherlands (+54%), Switzerland (+42%), Austria (+22%) and France (+20%), which rebounced significantly in terms of annual installations from 643 MW in 2013 to 927 MW in 2014. In most countries, however, deployment underperformed or, in some cases, growth of cumulative capacity even fell below the one percent mark. In descending percentage-order, cumulative installations only grew by 6.0% in Romania (69 MW), 5.2% in Germany (1,900 MW), 2.1% in Italy (385 MW), 2.1% in Belgium (65 MW), 0.4% in Spain (22 MW), 0.2% in Bulgaria (1.6 MW), 0.08% in Slovakia (0.4 MW), 0.06% in Greece (16 MW), and 0.01% in the Czech Republic (1.7 MW).[61]: 15 
The United Kingdom had the strongest percentage growth and became the fourth largest PV installer worldwide after China, Japan and the United States. In 2014, the country installed more than 2.2 GW (vs. 1.1 GW in 2013) and cumulative installation increased by 80% to 5.1 GW by the end of the year.[63] The booming utility-scale installations were partially explained by the upcoming closure of the appealing renewable obligation certificates (ROC) scheme in March 2015.[57] This may also bring another record deployment in 2015, as IHS forecasts 3.5 GW of installations for the year.[32]
In Germany and Italy, the rate of new installations continued to decline in 2014 and is expected to remain unchanged or even decline to 1.3 GW for 2015.[26] In 2014, Germany installed 1,926 MW, down 36 percent from 3,300 MW deployed in 2013. During the period of 2010–2012, the country was the world's leader installing more than 7 GW annually. New cumulative capacity of 38.2 GW corresponds to 475 watts per inhabitant. Italy installed 385 MW,[64] much less than previously expected and down from 1.5 GW deployed in 2013. Overall capacity of 18.5 GW translates into 304 watts per inhabitant. Solar PV now contributes significantly to domestic net-electricity consumption in Italy (7.9%), Greece (7.6%) and Germany (7.0%).[61]{{rp|15}

History of deployment

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Deployment figures on a global, regional and nationwide scale are well documented since the early 1990s. While worldwide photovoltaic capacity has been growing continuously, deployment figures by country are much more dynamic, as they depend strongly on national policies. A number of organizations release comprehensive reports on PV deployment on a yearly basis. They include annual and cumulative deployed PV capacity, typically given in watt-peak, a break-down by markets, as well as in-depth analysis and forecasts about future trends.

Worldwide annual deployment

[edit]
2015: 55,000 MW (23.5%)2014: 40,134 MW (17.2%)2013: 38,352 MW (16.4%)2012: 30,011 MW (12.8%)2011: 30,133 MW (12.9%)2010: 17,151 MW (7.3%)2009: 7,340 MW (3.1%)2008: 6,661 MW (2.8%)before: 9,183 MW (3.9%)
  •   2015: 55,000 MW (23.5%)
  •   2014: 40,134 MW (17.2%)
  •   2013: 38,352 MW (16.4%)
  •   2012: 30,011 MW (12.8%)
  •   2011: 30,133 MW (12.9%)
  •   2010: 17,151 MW (7.3%)
  •   2009: 7,340 MW (3.1%)
  •   2008: 6,661 MW (2.8%)
  •   before: 9,183 MW (3.9%)
Annual PV deployment as a %-share of global total capacity (projection for 2015).[12][18]

Due to the exponential nature of PV deployment, about 83 percent of the overall capacity has been installed during the last five years from 2011 to 2015 (see pie-chart; projected figure for 2015). Since the 1990s, and except for 2012, each year has been a record-breaking year in terms of newly installed PV capacity.

10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
2002
2006
2010
2014
Global annual installed capacity since 2000, in megawatts (hover with mouse over bar).
  annual deployment[18]: 18  for 2014, see section current status   projection for 2015 (55 GW)[c]

Worldwide cumulative

[edit]
Worldwide cumulative PV capacity on a semi log chart since 1992

Worldwide growth of solar PV capacity has been fitting an exponential curve since 1992. Tables below show global cumulative nominal capacity by the end of each year in megawatts, and the year-to-year increase in percent. In 2014, global capacity is expected to grow by 33 percent from 138,856 to 185,000 MW. This corresponds to an exponential growth rate of 29 percent or about 2.4 years for current worldwide PV capacity to double. Exponential growth rate: P(t) = P0ert, where P0 is 139 GW, growth-rate r 0.29 (results in doubling time t of 2.4 years).

The following table contains data from four different sources. For 1992–1995: compiled figures of 16 main markets (see section All time PV installations by country). For 1996–1999: BP-Statistical Review of world energy (Historical Data Workbook)[65] for 2000–2013: EPIA Global Outlook on Photovoltaics Report[18]: 17  and for 2014, preliminary figures are based on IEA-PVPS' snapshot report[61]

1990s
 Year  CapacityA
MWp
Δ%B Refs
1991 n.a.   C
1992 105 n.a. C
1993 130 24% C
1994 158 22% C
1995 192 22% C
1996 309 61% [65]
1997 422 37% [65]
1998 566 34% [65]
1999 807 43% [65]
2000 1,250 55% [65]
2000s
 Year  CapacityA
MWp
Δ%B Refs
2001 1,615 27% [18]
2002 2,069 28% [18]
2003 2,635 27% [18]
2004 3,723 41% [18]
2005 5,112 37% [18]
2006 6,660 30% [18]
2007 9,183 38% [18]
2008 15,844 73% [18]
2009 23,185 46% [18]
2010 40,336 74% [18]
2010s
 Year  CapacityA
MWp
Δ%B Refs
2011 70,469 75% [18]
2012 100,504 43% [18]
2013 138,856 38% [18]
2014 178,391 28% [12]
2015 229,300 29% [66]
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Legend:
^A Worldwide, cumulative nameplate capacity in megawatt-peak MWp, (re-)calculated in DC power output.
^B annual increase of cumulative worldwide PV nameplate capacity in percent.
^C figures of 16 main markets, including Australia, Canada, Japan, Korea, Mexico, European countries, and the United States.

Deployment reports

[edit]

Most PV deployment figures in this article are provided by the European Photovoltaic Industry Association in the "Global Outlook for Photovoltaics" report, the Observatoire des énergies renouvelables or EurObserv'ER's "Photovoltaic Barometer" report, and the IEA-PVPS (photovoltaic power systems) "Snapshot" and "Trends" report.

History of European PV deployment in watts per capita since 1992.
  <0.1, n/a
  0.1–1
  1–10
  10–50
  50–100
  100–150
  150–200
  200–300
  300–450
  >450
List of reports - Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics
  • 2014 – Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics 2014–2018[18]
  • 2013 – Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics 2013–2017[67]
  • 2012 – Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics until 2016[68]
  • 2011 – Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics until 2015[69]
  • 2010 – Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics until 2014[70]
  • 2009 – Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics until 2013[71]
  • 2008 – Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics until 2012[72]
The European Photovoltaic Industry Association (EPIA) represents members of the entire PV industry from silicon producers to cells and module manufactures and PV systems installers to PV electricity generation as well as marketing and sales. EPIA releases its annual Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics report in May/June.
  • PV-Barometer
List of reports - Photovoltaic Barometer report
  • 2015 – figures for year 2013 and 2014[73]
  • 2014 – figures for year 2012 and 2013[74]
  • 2013 – figures for year 2011 and 2012[75]
  • 2012 – figures for year 2010 and 2011[76]
  • 2011 – figures for year 2009 and 2010[77]
  • 2010 – figures for year 2008 and 2009[78]
EUROBSER'VER (Observatoire des énergies renouvelables) was set up in 1980, and is composed of engineers and experts releasing the Photovoltaic Barometer report containing early, year-end PV deployment figures for the 28 member states of the European Union.[79] Eurobserver works closely together with several French ministries and is co-founded by the European Commission's IEE programm.[80]
List of reports - PVPS Snapshot of Global PV and Trends
  • 2015 – Snapshot of Global PV 1992-2014[61]
  • 2014 – Trends 2014 in Photovoltaic Applications – Survey report of selected IEA countries between 1992 and 2013[81]
  • 2014 – Snapshot of Global PV 1992-2013[82]
  • 2014 – Trends 2013 in Photovoltaic Applications – Survey report of selected IEA countries between 1992 and 2012[83]
  • 2013 – Snapshot of Global PV 1992-2012[84]
  • 2011 – Trends in Photovoltaic Applications – Survey report of selected IEA countries between 1992 and 2010[85]
  • 2010 – Trends in Photovoltaic Applications – Survey report of selected IEA countries between 1992 and 2009[86]
  • 2009 – Trends in Photovoltaic Applications – Survey report of selected IEA countries between 1992 and 2008[87]
  • 2007 – Trends in Photovoltaic Applications – Survey report of selected IEA countries between 1992 and 2006[88]
The IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme (PVPS) is one of the collaborative R&D agreements established within the IEA and, since its establishment in 1993, the PVPS participants have been conducting a variety of joint projects in the application of photovoltaic conversion of solar energy into electricity. Its annual "Snapshot" report is released in early April and provides the first and detailed figures of worldwide PV-deployment of the previous year. An overview of all international statistics PDF reports since 1995 can be found on IEA-PVPS' Statistic Reports website.


Deployment by country

[edit]
Grid parity for solar PV systems around the world
  Reached grid-parity before 2014
  Reached grid-parity after 2014
  Reached grid-parity only for peak prices
  U.S. states poised to reach grid-parity
Source: Deutsche Bank, as of February 2015
Number of countries with PV capacities in the gigawatt-scale
5
10
15
20
25
30
2005
2010
2015
Growing number of solar gigawatt-markets (end of 2015).
  Countries above the 1-GW mark
  • 2016 Chile Austria
    2015 Taiwan Pakistan South Africa
    2014 Thailand Netherlands Switzerland
    2013 Canada Romania
    2012 Bulgaria Greece India United Kingdom
    2011 Australia China
    2010 Belgium Czech Republic France
    2009 Italy
    2008 Spain United States
    2004 Japan Germany
  Countries above the 10-GW mark
  • 2016 United Kingdom
    2013 United States Japan
    2011 Italy
    2010 Germany
2015
See section Forecast for projected photovoltaic deployment in 2015
2014
2014 – Year-end PV capacity by country in MW
Global PV capacity by country in MWp 2014(d)
Country Capacity
2014
Added
2014
Source(a)
Australia Australia 4,136 910 IEA-PVPS snapshot
Austria Austria 767 140 EPIA-GMO
Belgium Belgium 3,115 75 IEA-PVPS AR2014
Brazil Brazil n.a. 22 [36]
Bulgaria Bulgaria 1,022 2 IEA-PVPS snapshot
Canada Canada(b,c) 1,710 500 IEA-PVPS snapshot
Chile Chile 368 365 IEA-PVPS snapshot
China China 28,050 10,640 IEA-PVPS AR2014
Croatia Croatia 33 13 EPIA-GMO
Cyprus Cyprus 65 30 PV Barometer
Czech Republic Czech Republic 2,134 2 IEA-PVPS snapshot
Denmark Denmark 608 47 EPIA-GMO
Finland Finland 10 PV Barometer
France France 5,632 927 EPIA-GMO
Germany Germany 38,235 1,898 EPIA-GMO
Greece Greece 2,596 17 EPIA-GMO
Guatemala Guatemala n.a. 6 [36]
Honduras Honduras n.a. 5 [36]
Hungary Hungary 38 3 PV Barometer
India India 2,936 616 IEA-PVPS snapshot
Ireland Ireland 1 0.1 PV Barometer
Israel Israel 731 250 IEA-PVPS snapshot
Italy Italy 18,313 385 EPIA-GMO
Japan Japan(b) 23,300 9,700 IEA-PVPS snapshot
Latvia Latvia 2 PV Barometer
Lithuania Lithuania 68 PV Barometer
Luxembourg Luxembourg 110 15 PV Barometer
Malaysia Malaysia 160 87 IEA-PVPS snapshot
Malta Malta 54 26 PV Barometer
Mexico Mexico 176 64 IEA-PVPS snapshot
Netherlands Netherlands(c) 1,042 400 EPIA-GMO
Norway Norway 13 2 IEA-PVPS snapshot
Philippines Philippines n.a. n.a. not yet avail.
Poland Poland 34 27 EPIA-GMO
Portugal Portugal 414 115 EPIA-GMO
Romania Romania 1,223 72 EPIA-GMO
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia n.a. n.a. not yet avail.
Slovakia Slovakia 524 0.4 EPIA-GMO
Slovenia Slovenia 256 8 PV Barometer
South Africa South Africa 922 800 IEA-PVPS snapshot
South Korea South Korea(c) 2,384 909 IEA-PVPS snapshot
Spain Spain(b) 5,388 22 EPIA-GMO
Sweden Sweden 79 36 IEA-PVPS snapshot
Switzerland   Switzerland 1,046 320 EPIA-GMO
Taiwan Taiwan 776 400 IEA-PVPS snapshot
Thailand Thailand 1,299 475 IEA-PVPS snapshot
Turkey Turkey 58 40 IEA-PVPS snapshot
Ukraine Ukraine n.a. n.a. not yet avail.
United Kingdom United Kingdom 5,230 2,402 EPIA-GMO
United States United States 18,280 6,201 IEA-PVPS snapshot
(a) Data sources:

(b) Reconverted to watt-peak from MWAC[d][61]: 11 
(c) Official estimates only. Likely to change.[61]: 15 
(d) Note: nameplate capacity always given in MWp

Photovoltaic Barometer report – PV capacity in the European Union in 2014[73]: 7–10 
Country Added 2014 (MW) Total 2014 (MW) Generation 2014
off-
grid
on-
grid
Capacity off-
grid
on-
grid
Capacity Watt per
capita
in
GWh
in
%
Austria Austria 140.0 140.0 4.5 766.0 770.5 90.6 766.0
Belgium Belgium 65.2 65.2 0.1 3,105.2 3,105.3 277.2 2,768.0
Bulgaria Bulgaria 1.3 1.3 0.7 1,019.7 1,020.4 140.8 1,244.5
Croatia Croatia 0.2 14.0 14.2 0.7 33.5 34.2 8.1 35.3
Cyprus Cyprus 0.2 29.7 30.0 1.1 63.6 64.8 75.5 104.0
Czech Republic Czech Republic 0.4 2,060.6 2,061.0 196.1 2,121.7
Denmark Denmark 0.1 29.0 29.1 1.5 600.0 601.5 106.9 557.0
Estonia Estonia 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.6
Finland Finland 10.0 0.2 10.2 1.9 5.9
France France 0.1 974.9 975.0 10.8 5,589.0 4,697.6 87.6 5,500.0
Germany Germany 1,899.0 1,899.0 65.0 38,236.0 38,301.0 474.1 34,930.0
Greece Greece 16.9 16.9 7.0 2,595.8 2,602.8 236.8 3,856.0
Hungary Hungary 0.1 3.1 3.2 0.7 37.5 38.2 3.9 26.8
Ireland Ireland 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.9 0.2 1.1 0.2 0.7
Italy Italy 1.0 384.0 385.0 13.0 18,437.0 18,450.0 303.5 23,299.0
Latvia Latvia 1.5 1.5 0.8 0.0
Lithuania Lithuania 0.1 68.0 68.1 23.1 73.0
Luxembourg Luxembourg 15.0 15.0 110.0 110.0 200.1 120.0
Malta Malta 26.0 26.0 54.2 54.2 127.5 57.8
Netherlands Netherlands 361.0 361.0 5.0 1,095.0 1,100.0 65.4 800.0
Poland Poland 0.5 19.7 20.2 2.9 21.5 24.4 0.6 19.2
Portugal Portugal 1.2 115.0 116.2 5.0 414.0 419.0 40.2 631.0
Romania Romania 270.5 270.5 1,292.6 1,292.6 64.8 1,355.2
Slovakia Slovakia 2.0 2.0 0.1 590.0 590.1 109.0 590.0
Slovenia Slovenia 7.7 7.7 0.1 255.9 256.0 124.2 244.6
Spain Spain 0.3 21.0 21.3 25.5 4,761.8 4,787.3 102.7 8,211.0
Sweden Sweden 1.1 35.1 36.2 9.5 69.9 79.4 8.2 71.5
United Kingdom United Kingdom 2,448.0 2,448.0 2.3 5,228.0 5,230.3 81.3 3,931.0
European Union European Union 4.9 6,878.4 6,883.3 167.1 86,506.8 86,673.9 171.5 91,319.7
Country off-
grid
on-
grid
Capacity off-
grid
on-
grid
Capacity Watt per
capita
in
GWh
in
%
Added 2014 (MW) Total 2014 (MW) Generation 2014
2013
2013 – Year-end PV capacity by country in MW
Worldwide

In 2013, worldwide deployment of solar PV amounted to almost 40 GW (39,953 MW)—an increase of about 35 percent over the previous year. Cumulated capacity increased by 38 percent to more than 139 GW. This is sufficient to generate at least 160 terawatt-hours (TWh) or 0.85 percent of the world's total electricity consumption of 18,400 TWh.[82]: 5, 13 [81]: 9 

Cumulative PV capacity by region in 2013[18]: 17 

  Europe (58.7%)
  APAC (15.8%)
  China (13.4%)
  North America (9.9%)
  MEA (0.7%)
  Rest of the World (1.5%)
Worldwide installed capacity in 2013
Report Cumulative (MWp) Installed (MWp) Release date Type Ref
IEA-PVPS snapshot >134,000 >36,900 April 2014 preliminary figures [82]: 14 
EPIA outlook 138,856 38,352 June 2014 detailed figures [18]: 24 
IEA-PVPS trends 139,795 39,953 October 2014 final figures [81]: 34 
An uncertainty in Chinese deployment was the reason for a significant discrepancy between EPIA's outlook and IEA's Trends reports. EPIA did not take 1.1 GW of additional Chinese deployment into account, since at the time it was unsure whether these installations were connected to the grid.[18]: 5  In IEA's final Trends report, the confirmed figures not only raised domestic Chinese deployment from 11.8 GW to 12.92 GW, but also contributed to increase global figures to almost 40 GW.
Regions

In 2013, Asia has been the fastest growing region, with China and Japan accounting for 49% of worldwide deployment. About a quarter has been installed in Europe (10,975 MW). The remaining quarter of the 38,400 MW deployed in 2013 is split between North America and other countries.

Europe is still the most developed region with a cumulative capacity of 81.5 GW, about 59 percent of the global total, followed by the Asia-Pacific region (APAC), including countries such as Japan, India and Australia with 22 GW or about 16 percent of worldwide cumulative capacity (due to its significance, China is excluded from the APAC region in all PV statistics and listed separately). European solar PV now covers 3 percent of the electricity demand and 6 percent of the peak electricity demand. However, deployment in Europe has slowed down by half compared to the record year of 2011, and will most likely continue to decrease. This is mainly due to the strong decline of new installations in Germany and Italy.[18]: 18 

Cumulative capacity in the MEA (Middle East and Africa) region and ROW (rest of the world) accounted for less than 3 GW or about 2.2% of the global total. A great untapped potential remains for many of these countries, especially in the Sunbelt.[18]: 19, 23 

Countries

Added PV capacity by country in 2013[81]: 33–34 [e]

  China & Taiwan (32.8%)
  Japan (17.4%)
  United States (11.9%)
  Canada (1.1%)
  Germany (8.3%)
  Italy (4.1%)
  United Kingdom (3.9%)
  Rest of Europe (11.9%)
  India (2.8%)
  Australia (2.0%)
  South Korea (1.1%)
  Thailand (1.1%)
  Rest of the World (1.6%)

In 2013, the world's top installer were China (+12.92 GW), followed by Japan (+6.97 GW) and the United States (+4.75 GW), while Germany remained the world's largest overall producer of power from solar PV, with a total capacity around 36 GW and contributing 5.7% to its net electricity consumption. Italy met more than 7% of its electricity demands with solar PV, thus leading the world in that respect.

Top 10 PV countries of Year 2013 in (MW)
Total capacity
1. Germany Germany 35,766
2. China China 19,720
3. Italy Italy 18,074
4. Japan Japan 13,599
5. United States United States 12,079
6. Spain Spain 5,340
7. France France 4,733
8. United Kingdom UK 3,377
9. Australia Australia 3,226
10. Belgium Belgium 3,009
Added capacity
1. China China 12,920
2. Japan Japan 6,968
3. United States United States 4,751
4. Germany Germany 3,304
5. Italy Italy 1,620
6. United Kingdom UK 1,546
7. India India 1,115
8. Romania Romania 1,100
9. Greece Greece 1,043
10. Australia Australia 811

Data from the EPIA's Global Market Outlook 2014-2018 report[18]: 24  and partially updated with figures from the IEA-PVPS Trends 2014 report[81]: 34 

The top ten leading countries in terms of deployed and overall PV-capacity are shown above. Other mentionable PV deployments above the 100-megawatt mark included France (643 MW), Canada (445 MW), South Korea (445 MW), Thailand (437 MW), The Netherlands (360 MW), Switzerland (319 MW), Ukraine (290 MW), Austria (263 MW), Israel (244 MW), Belgium (237 MW), Taiwan (170 MW) Denmark (156 MW) and Spain (116 MW).[81]: 33–34 

2013—Global PV capacity by country in MWp
Country Capacity
2013
Added
2013
Source(A)
Australia Australia 3,226 811 IEA-PVPS trends
Austria Austria 626 263 IEA-PVPS trends
Belgium Belgium 3,009 237 IEA-PVPS trends
Brazil Brazil 32 ? ?
Bulgaria Bulgaria 1,020 10 EPIA outlook
Canada Canada 1,210 445 IEA-PVPS trends
Chile Chile 3 2 original.[90] Revised cume in 2015[61]
China China 19,720 12,920 IEA-PVPS trends
Croatia Croatia 20 20 EPIA outlook
Cyprus Cyprus 32 15 EPIA outlook
Czech Republic Czech Republic 2,175 88 EPIA outlook
Denmark Denmark 563 156 IEA-PVPS trends
Finland Finland 11 0 EPIA outlook
France France 4,733 643 IEA-PVPS trends
Germany Germany 35,766 3,304 IEA-PVPS trends
Greece Greece 2,579 1,043 EPIA outlook
Hungary Hungary 22 10 EPIA outlook
India India 2,320 1,115 IEA-PVPS trends
Ireland Ireland 3 0 EPIA outlook
Israel Israel 481 244 IEA-PVPS trends
Italy Italy 18,074 1,620 IEA-PVPS trends
Japan Japan 13,599 6,968 IEA-PVPS trends
Latvia Latvia 1 0 EPIA outlook
Lithuania Lithuania 6 0 EPIA outlook
Luxembourg Luxembourg 30 0 EPIA outlook
 Malaysia 73 48 IEA-PVPS trends
Malta Malta 23 7 EPIA outlook
Mexico Mexico 112 60 IEA-PVPS Trends
Netherlands Netherlands 723 360 IEA-PVPS trends
Norway Norway 11 1 IEA-PVPS trends
Poland Poland 7 1 EPIA outlook
Portugal Portugal 281 53 IEA-PVPS trends
Romania Romania 1,151 1,100 EPIA outlook
Slovakia Slovakia 524 1 EPIA outlook
Slovenia Slovenia 212 11 EPIA outlook
South Africa South Africa 122 92 IEA-PVPS[f] revised in 2015[61]
South Korea South Korea 1,475 445 IEA-PVPS trends
Spain Spain 5,340 116 EPIA outlook[g]
Sweden Sweden 43 19 IEA-PVPS trends
Switzerland   Switzerland 756 319 IEA-PVPS trends
Taiwan Taiwan 376 170 IEA-PVPS trends
Thailand Thailand 824 437 IEA-PVPS trends
Turkey Turkey 18 6 IEA-PVPS trends
Ukraine Ukraine 616 290 EPIA outlook
United Kingdom United Kingdom 3,377 1,546 IEA-PVPS trends
United States United States 12,079 4,751 IEA-PVPS trends
Listed countries account for 39,666 MW or 99.3% of worldwide total installations of 39,953 MW in 2013.

(A) Data sources (Nameplate capacity in DC-output not AC):

  • IEA-PVPS — Trends 2014 in Photovoltaic Applications[81]: 33–34 
  • EPIA — Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics 2014–2018[18]: 24 
  • Find additional or alternative information in column source of corresponding record

In 2013, Europe added 11 gigawatts of new PV installation (including non-EU countries). It is still the most developed region with a cumulated total of 81.5 GW, about 59 percent of the worldwide installed capacity. Solar PV now covers 3 percent of the electricity demand and 6 percent of the peak electricity demand. However, European PV deployment has slowed down by half compared to the record year of 2011, and will most likely continue to decrease. This is mainly due to the strong decline of new installations in Germany and Italy.

Photovoltaic Barometer report – PV capacity in the European Union in 2013[74]: 5–7, 9 
Country Added 2013 (MW) Total 2013 (MW) Generation 2013
off-
grid
on-
grid
Capacity off-
grid
on-
grid
Capacity Watt per
capita
in
GWh
in
%
Austria Austria 268.7 268.7 4.5 685.9 690.4 81.7 686.0
Belgium Belgium 214.9 215.0 0.1 2,983.3 2,983.4 267.3 2,352.0
Bulgaria Bulgaria 104.4 104.4 0.7 1,018.5 1,019.2 139.9 1,348.5
Croatia Croatia 17.2 17.2 0.5 21.2 21.7 5.1 12.3
Cyprus Cyprus 0.1 17.5 17.5 0.9 33.9 34.8 40.2 45.8
Czech Republic Czech Republic 110.4 110.4 0.4 2,132.4 2,132.8 202.8 2,070.0
Denmark Denmark 0.2 155.0 155.2 1.4 530.0 531.4 94.8 490.0
Estonia Estonia 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.6
Finland Finland 11.0 0.2 11.2 2.1 5.4
France France 613.0 613.0 24.6 4,673.0 4,697.6 71.6 4,900.0
Germany Germany 5.0 3,305.0 3,310.0 65.0 35,948 36,013.0 447.2 30,000.0
Greece Greece 1,042.5 1,042.5 7.0 2,578.8 2,585.8 233.7 3,648.0
Hungary Hungary 0.1 3.0 3.1 0.6 14.8 15.4 1.6 9.3
Ireland Ireland 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.2 1.0 0.2 0.7
Italy Italy 1.0 1,461.0 1,462.0 12.0 17,602.0 17,614.0 295.1 22,146.0
Latvia Latvia 1.5 1.5 0.7 n.a.
Lithuania Lithuania 61.9 61.9 0.1 68.0 68.1 22.9 45.0
Luxembourg Luxembourg 23.3 23.3 100.0 100.0 186.2 50.0
Malta Malta 6.0 6.0 24.7 24.7 58.7 30.1
Netherlands Netherlands 300.0 300.0 5.0 660.0 665.0 39.6 582.0
Poland Poland 0.2 0.4 0.6 2.4 1.8 4.2 0.1 4.0
Portugal Portugal 0.5 52.2 52.7 3.8 277.2 281.0 26.8 446.0
Romania Romania 972.7 972.7 1,022.0 1,022.0 51.1 397.8
Slovakia Slovakia 0.1 537.0 537.1 99.3 600.0
Slovenia Slovenia 33.3 33.3 0.1 254.7 254.8 123.8 240.0
Spain Spain 0.4 102.0 102.4 25.0 4,680.5 4,705.5 100.7 8,289.0
Sweden Sweden 1.1 17.9 19.0 8.4 34.7 43.1 4.5 38.8
United Kingdom United Kingdom 1,031.0 1,031.0 2.3 2,737.0 2,739.3 42.9 1,800.0
European Union European Union 8.7 9,913.5 9,922.2 177.0 78,621.2 78,798.2 155.8 80,236.0
Country off-
grid
on-
grid
Capacity off-
grid
on-
grid
Capacity Watt per
capita
in
GWh
in
%
Added 2013 (MW) Total 2013 (MW) Generation 2013
2012
2012 – Year-end PV capacity by country in MW
2012 – Year-end PV capacity by country in MW[67][74][75]
Country Capacity Generation
off
grid
Δ
on
grid
Δ
Added off
grid
Σ
on
grid
Σ
Total Watt/
Capita
GWh %
 Germany 0.0 7,604 7,604 55.0 32,643 32,698 398 28,000 5.62%
 Italy 1.0 3,577 3,578 11.0 16,350 16,361 273 18,800 6.70%
 China 5,000 8,300 6 6,678 0.14%
 United States 3,346 7,777 24 9,750 0.25%
 Japan 2,000 7,000 55 6,600 0.77%
 Spain 1.3 193 194 7.3 4,492 4,517 110 8,169 2.84%
 France 0.0 1,079 1,079 24.6 4,003 4,028 61 4,000 0.91%
 Belgium 0.0 599 599 0.1 2,650 2,650 241 2,115 2.90%
 Australia 1,000 2,400 105 2,800 1.23%
 Czech Republic 0 109 109 0.4 2,022 2,022 196 2,173 3.11%
 United Kingdom 0 929 929 0 1,829 1,829 29 1,327 0.50%
 Greece 0 912 912 7.0 1,536 1,543 1,239 4.26%
 India 980 1,205 1 2,115 0.33%
 Korea 252 1,064 22 920 0.20%
 Bulgaria 0.0 721 721 0.7 933 933 123 534 3.40%
 Canada 268 765 22 860 0.17%
 Slovakia 0.0 30 30 0.1 517 517 95 500 1.99%
 Austria 0.0 235 235 4.5 417 422 50 300 0.62%
  Switzerland 200 410 53 370 0.64%
 Denmark 0.0 375 375 1.7 390 392 70 114 1.09%
 Ukraine 188 373 8 410 0.31%
 Thailand 210 359 5 530 0.40%
 Netherlands 0.0 175 175 2.0 316 321 16 200 0.21%
 Israel 60 250 31 310 0.68%
 Portugal 0.1 68 68 0.6 226 229 22 360 0.74%
 Slovenia 0.0 117 117 24.6 217 217 97 121 1.70%
 Taiwan 104 206 9
 Mexico 15 38 0.3 83 0.04%
 Luxembourg 0 7 7 0 47 47 59 30 0.44%
 South Africa 40 41 0.08
 Malaysia 22 36 1 34 0.04%
 Romania 26 30 2
 Sweden 0.8 7 8 2.3 17 24 2 21 0.01%
 Malta 0 12 12 5.0 19 19 29 14 0.89%
 Cyprus 0 7 7 0.8 16 17 11 20 0.31%
 Brazil 12 17 0.1
 Peru 15 15 0.5
 Finland 0 0 0 11.0 0 11 8 0.00%
 Norway 0 9 7 0.01%
 Turkey 2 9 0.1 10 0.01%
 Lithuania 0 6 6 0.0 6 6.1 2 2 0.05%
 Chile 2 6 0.3 2
 Hungary 0 1 1 0.5 3 3.74 5 0.01%
 Poland 1.1 0 1 3.3 1 3.4 0.1 4 0.00%
 Latvia 0 0 0 0.1 1.5 1.51 0.3 0 0.01%
 Ireland 0 0 0 0.6 0.1 0.69 0 0.01%
 Croatia 0.2 0.2 0.04
 Estonia 0 0 0 0.13 0.02 0.15 0.1 0 0.00%
Country off
grid
Δ
on
grid
Δ
Added off
grid
Σ
on
grid
Σ
Total Watt/
Capita
GWh %
Capacity Generation
2011
2011 – Year-end PV capacity by country in MW
2011 – Year-end PV capacity by country in MW[68][76]
Country off
grid
Δ
on
grid
Δ
Installed
2011
off
grid
Σ
on
grid
Σ
Total
2011
Wp/capita
Total
2011
Generation
(GWh)
 Germany 5 7,500 7,505 55 24,820 24,875 304.3 19,000
 Italy 0 9,280 9,280 13.5 12,750 12,764 210.5 10,730
 Japan 4.48 1,291.3 1,295.8 103.3 4,810.7 4,913.7 39
 United States 1,867 1,867 3,965 4,383 13.8
 Spain 1 354 355 23.3 4,191 4,214 91.3 7,912
 China 15 2,485 2,500 118 3,166 3,300 2.4
 France 0.1 1,634 1,634 29.4 2,802 2,831 43.5 1,800
 Czech Republic 0 0 0 0.4 1,959 1,959 186.0 2,118
 Belgium 0 776 776 0.1 1,812 1,812 165.5 1,282
 Australia 76 761 837 163.78 1244.16 1,407.9 56.4
 United Kingdom 0.3 937 937 2.3 1,012 1,014 16.2 259
 South Korea 0 156.7 156.7 6 806.3 812.3 15.4
 Greece 0.1 426 426 7 624 631 55.8 544
 Canada 364 563 16.6
 Slovakia 0.1 314 314 0.1 488 488 89.8 400
 India 300 461 0.4
  Switzerland 126 260 32
 Israel 130 190 23.9
 Austria 0.69 90.98 91.64 4.5 182.67 187.17 20.7 163
 Portugal 0.1 12.6 12.7 3.2 140 144 13.5 265
 Ukraine 188 190 4.1
 Bulgaria 0.4 100 100 0.7 132 133 17.7 120
 Netherlands 0 30 30 5 113 118 7.1 86
 Taiwan 70 102 4.4
 Thailand 50 100[91]
 Slovenia 0 44.9 44.9 0.1 90.3 90.4 44.1 60
 South Africa 1 41 0.8
 Mexico 10 40 0.4
 Brazil 5 32 0.2
 Luxembourg 0 1.2 1.2 0 30.6 30.6 59.9 21
 Sweden 0.73 3.59 4.31 6.48 9.27 15.75 2.0 15.0
 Denmark 0.2 9.5 9.7 0.8 15.88 16.68 3.0 12.0
 Malta 0 7.7 7.7 0 11.5 11.5 27.4 17.5
 Finland 1.5 0 1.5 11 0.2 11.2 2.1 8.0
 Malaysia 0 0.9 0.9 11 2.5 13.5 0.4
 Cyprus 0.1 3.8 3.8 0.7 9.3 10.1 12.5 12.0
 Turkey 5 6 0.1
 Hungary 0.2 2.2 2.4 0.4 3.7 4.1 0.4 3.3
 Romania 0 1 1 0.6 2.3 2.9 0.1 2.0
 Poland 0 0 0 1.3 0.5 1.8 0.0 1.7
 Latvia 0 1.5 1.5 0 1.5 1.5 0.7
 Ireland 0 0 0 0.6 0.1 0.7 0.2 0.5
 Estonia 0.1 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1
 Lithuania 0 0 0 0.1 0 0.1 0.0 0.1
 Norway 0 0.1 0.02
Country off
grid
Δ
on
grid
Δ
Installed
2011
off
grid
Σ
on
grid
Σ
Total
2011
Wp/capita
Total
2011
Generation
(GWh)
2010
2010 – Year-end PV capacity by country in MW
2010 – Year-end PV capacity by country in MW[76][77][85]
Country off
grid
Δ
on
grid
Δ
Installed
2010
off
grid
Σ
on
grid
Σ
Total
2010
Watt/
Capita
Module
Price
US$/Wp
Feed-in Tariff
US$/kW·h
 Germany 5 7,406 7,411 50 17,320 17,370 212.3
 Spain 1 369 370 21.1 3,787 3,808 82.8
 Japan 4.2 986.8 991.0 98.8 3,519 3,618 28.3
 Italy 0.1 2,321 2,321 13.5 3,465 3,478 57.6
 United States 31 887 918 440 2,094 2,534 8.1 1.48-2.36
 Czech Republic 0 1,490 1,490 0.4 1,952.7 1,953 185.9
 France 0.1 719.0 719.1 29.4 1,025 1,054 16.3
 China 520.0 893.0
 Belgium 0 213.4 213.4 0.1 787.4 787.5 72.6
 South Korea 0 131.2 131.2 6.0 649.6 655.6 13.4
 Australia 3.8 379.5 383.3 87.8 483.1 570.9 25.2
 Canada 24.9 171.7 196.6 60.1 231.0 291.1 8.4
 Greece 0.1 150.3 150.4 6.9 198.5 205.4 18.2
 India 69.0 189.0
    Switzerland 0.2 25.5 25.7 4 69.6 73.6 9.7 3.0-3.5 14.7
 Netherlands 0.091 10.58 10.67 5 62.5 67.5 4.1
 Austria 0.25 19.96 20.21 3.61 48.99 52.60 6.4 3.0-3.2 26.4
 United Kingdom 0.155 6.922 7.077 0 26.4 26.4 0.4
 Mexico 2.47 0.80 3.27 23.72 1.30 25.02 0.2 4-5 <36.2
 Israel 0.5 21 21.5 2.9 21.63 24.53 3.4 3.6-5.1 12.5
 Portugal 0.2 14.25 14.45 2.841 15.03 17.87 1.7 2.1-4.2 10.3-19.2
 Malaysia 2 0.287 2.287 10 1.063 11.06 0.4 3.71 <13.5
 Slovenia 0 6.9 6.9 0.1 8.9 9.0 4.1
 Sweden 0.338 0.516 0.854 5.169 3.595 8.764 1.0 2.4-6.5 18.3-20.9
 Norway 0.32 0 0.32 8.530 0.132 8.662 1.9 11.1–14.3
 Finland 2.0 0 2.0 7.5 0.2 7.6 1.4
 Luxembourg 0 1.8 1.8 0 5.7 5.7 52.4
 Bulgaria 0 4.3 4.3 0 5.7 5.7 0.8
 Denmark 0.2 1.2 1.3 0.540 4.025 4.565 0.8 2.8-4.7 37.5
 Turkey 0.9 0.1 1 4.5 0.5 5 0.1 2.8-4.2 13.3
Country off
grid
Δ
on
grid
Δ
Installed
2010
off
grid
Σ
on
grid
Σ
Total
2010
Watt/
Capita
Module
Price
US$/Wp
Feed-in Tariff
US$/kW·h
2009
2009 – Year-end PV capacity by country in MW
2009 – Year-end PV capacity by country in MW[86]
Country off
grid
Δ
on
grid
Δ
Installed
2009
off
grid
Σ
on
grid
Σ
Total
2009
Watt/
Capita
Module
Price
US$/Wp
Feed-in Tariff
US$/kW·h
 Germany 5 3,840 3,845 45 9,800 9,845 119.6 2.1-3.5 31.5
 Spain 0 60 60 31 3,492 3,523 76.1 1.6-3.5
 Japan 3.8 479.2 483.0 95 2,533 2,627 20.7 4.3 19.1-25.8
 United States 40 433.1 473.1 410 1,232 1,642 5.3 1.85-2.2 10.4
 Italy 0 723 723 13 1168 1,181 20.3 2.2-3.0 23.6
 South Korea 0 84.4 84.4 5.9 436.0 441.9 9.1 1.9-2.0 13.3-19.6
 France 0.2 250 250.2 23 407 430 6.7 1.5-2.8
 Australia 10.56 68.57 79.13 83.91 99.7 183.65 8.3 2.3-4.7 10.2-15.6
 Portugal 0.1 34.15 34.25 3.05 99.15 102.2 9.5 2.1-4.2 10.3-19.2
 Canada 7.71 54.14 61.85 35.2 59.37 94.57 2.8 2.9 6.1
  Switzerland 0.2 25.5 25.7 4 69.6 73.6 9.7 3.0-3.5 14.7
 Netherlands 0.091 10.58 10.67 5 62.5 67.5 4.1
 Austria 0.25 19.96 20.21 3.61 48.99 52.60 6.4 3.0-3.2 26.4
 United Kingdom 0.155 6.922 7.077 1.75 27.85 29.59 0.4
 Mexico 2.47 0.80 3.27 23.72 1.30 25.02 0.2 4-5 <36.2
 Israel 0.5 21 21.5 2.9 21.63 24.53 3.4 3.6-5.1 12.5
 Malaysia 2 0.287 2.287 10 1.063 11.06 0.4 3.71 <13.5
 Sweden 0.338 0.516 0.854 5.169 3.595 8.764 1.0 2.4-6.5 18.3-20.9
 Norway 0.32 0 0.32 8.530 0.132 8.662 1.9 11.1–14.3
 Turkey 0.9 0.1 1 4.5 0.5 5 0.1 2.8-4.2 18.0
 Denmark 0.2 1.2 1.3 0.540 4.025 4.565 0.8 2.8-4.7 37.5
Country off
grid
Δ
on
grid
Δ
Installed
2009
off
grid
Σ
on
grid
Σ
Total
2009
Watt/
Capita
Module
Price
US$/Wp
Feed-in Tariff
US$/kW·h
2008
2008 – Year-end PV capacity by country in MW
2008 – Year-end PV capacity by country in MW[87]
Country off
grid
Δ
on
grid
Δ
Installed
2008
off
grid
Σ
on
grid
Σ
Total
2008
Watt/
Capita
 Germany 4.5 1,500 1,504.5 40 5,300 5,340 64.7
 Spain 1 60 2,661 31 3,323 3,354 77.1
 Japan 0.7 224.6 225.3 90.8 2,053 2,144 16.8
 United States 45 293 338 370 798.5 1,168.5 3.9
 Italy 0.2 337.9 338.1 13.3 445 458.3 7.8
 South Korea 0 276.3 276.3 5.9 351.6 357.5 7.3
 France 0.4 104.1 104.5 22.9 156.8 179.7 2.9
 Australia 6.9 15.1 22.0 73.3 31.2 104.5 5.1
 Portugal 0.1 49.98 50.08 2.941 65.01 67.95 6.7
 Netherlands 0.21 4.2 4.4 5.2 52 57.2 3.5
  Switzerland 0.2 11.5 11.7 3.8 44 47.9 6.4
 Canada 4.62 2.33 6.94 27.48 5.24 32.7 1.0
 Austria 0.13 4.55 4.69 3.36 29.03 32.39 4.0
 United Kingdom 0.12 4.3 4.42 1.59 20.92 22.51 0.3
 Mexico 0.80 0.20 1.00 21.25 0.50 21.75 0.2
 Malaysia 1.6 0.135 1.76 8 0.776 8.776 0.4
 Norway 0.35 0 0.35 8.210 0.132 8.342 1.8
 Sweden 0.275 10.403 1.678 4.83 3.08 7.91 0.9
 Turkey 0.675 0.075 0.75 3.75 0.25 4 0.06
 Denmark 0.55 0.135 0.190 0.440 2.825 3.265 0.8
 Israel 0.6 0.6 1.21 2.4 0.62 3.03 0.4
Country off
grid
Δ
on
grid
Δ
Installed
2009
off
grid
Σ
on
grid
Σ
Total
2009
Watt/
capita
2007
2007 – Year-end PV capacity by country in MW

Off grid refers to photovoltaics which are not grid connected. On grid means connected to the local electricity grid. Δ means the amount installed during the previous year. Σ means the total amount installed. Wp/capita refers to the ratio of total installed capacity divided by total population, or total installed Wp per person. Module price is average installed price, in Euros. kW·h/kWp·yr indicates the range of insolation to be expected. While National Report(s) may be cited as source(s) within an International Report, any contradictions in data are resolved by using only the most recent report's data. Exchange rates represent the 2006 annual average of daily rates (OECD Main Economic Indicators June 2007).
Module Price: Lowest:2.5 EUR/Wp (2.83 USD/Wp[92]) in Germany 2003. Uncited insolation data is from maps dating 1991–1995.[93][94][95]

2007 – Year-end PV capacity by country in MW
Country off
grid
Δ
on
grid
Δ
Installed
2007
off
grid
Σ
on
grid
Σ
Total
2007
Watt/
Capita
Module
Price
€/Wp
Feed-in Tariff
EU¢/kWh
 Germany[96] 35 1,100 1,135 35 3,827 3,862 46.8 4.0–5.3 51.8–56.8
 Japan[97] 1.562 208.8 210.4 90.15 1,829 1,919 15 2.96 Ended(2005)
 United States[98] 55 151.5 206.5 325 505.5 830.5 2.8 2.98 1.2–31.04(CA)
 Spain 22 490 512 29.8 625.2 655 15.1 3.0–4.5 18.38–44.04
 Italy[99] 0.3 69.9 70.2 13.1 107.1 120.2 2.1 3.2–3.6 36.0–49.0
 Australia[100] 5.91 6.28 12.19 66.45 16.04 82.49 4.1 4.5–5.4 0–26.4(SA'08)
 South Korea[101] 0 42.87 42.87 5.943 71.66 77.60 1.6 3.50–3.84 56.5–59.3
 France[102] 0.993 30.31 31.30 22.55 52.68 75.23 1.2 3.2–5.1 30.0–55.0
 Netherlands[103] 0.582 1.023 1.605 5.3 48 53.3 3.3 3.3–4.5 1.21–9.7
    Switzerland[104] 0.2 6.3 6.5 3.6 32.6 36.2 4.9 3.18–3.30 9.53–50.8
 Austria 0.055 2.061 2.116 3.224 24.48 27.70 3.4 3.6–4.3 >0
 Canada[105] 3.888 1.403 5.291 22.86 2.911 25.78 0.8 3.76 0–29.48(ON)
 Mexico 0.869 0.15 1.019 20.45 0.3 20.75 0.2 5.44–6.42 None
 United Kingdom[106] 0.16 3.65 3.81 1.47 16.62 18.09 0.3 3.67–5.72 0–11.74(exprt)
 Portugal[94] 0.2 14.25 14.45 2.841 15.03 17.87 1.7
 Norway[107] 0.32 0.004 0.324 7.86 0.132 7.992 1.7 11.2 None
 Sweden[108] 0.271 1.121 1.392 4.566 1.676 6.242 0.7 3.24–7.02 None
 Denmark[109] 0.05 0.125 0.175 0.385 2.69 3.075 0.6 5.36–8.04 None
 Israel[110] 0.5 0 0.5 1.794 0.025 1.819 0.3 4.3 13.13–16.40
Country off
grid
Δ
on
grid
Δ
Installed
2007
off
grid
Σ
on
grid
Σ
Total
2007
Watt/
Capita
Module
Price
€/Wp
Feed-in Tariff
EU¢/kW·h
2006
2006 – Year-end PV capacity by country in MW

Notes: While National Report(s) may be cited as source(s) within an International Report, any contradictions in data are resolved by using only the most recent report's data. Exchange rates represent the 2006 annual average of daily rates (OECD Main Economic Indicators June 2007)
Module Price: Lowest:2.5 EUR/Wp[88] (2.83 USD/Wp[92]) in Germany 2003. Uncited insolation data is lifted from maps dating 1991–1995.[93][94][95]

2006 – Year-end PV capacity by country in MW[88]
Country Cells
Made
Modules
Made
off
grid
Δ
on
grid
Δ
Installed
2006
off
grid
Σ
on
grid
Σ
Total
2006
Watt/
Capita
Module
Price
€/Wp
Feed-in Tariff
EU¢/kWh
 Germany[96] 514.0 341.0 3 950 953 32 2,831 2,863 34.78 4.0–5.3 51.8–56.8
 Japan[97] 919.8 645.4 1.531 285.1 286.6 88.59 1,620 1,709 13.37 2.96 Ended(2005)
 United States[98] 201.6 200.5 37 108 145 270 354 624 2.058 2.98 1.2–31.04(CA)
 Spain 75.3 9.1 51.4 60.5 17.8 100.4 118.2 2.620 3.0–4.5 18.38–44.04
 China 380 510 15 15 73 73 0.055
 Australia[100] 36.0 7.6 7.576 2.145 9.721 60.54 9.765 70.30 3.327 4.5–5.4[111] 0–26.4(SA'08)
 Netherlands[103] 18.0 2.6 0.278 1.243 1.521 5.713 46.99 52.71 3.217 3.3–4.5 1.21–9.7
 Italy[99] 11.0 27.0 0.5 12 12.5 12.8 37.2 50 0.846 3.2–3.6 36.0–49.0
 France 33.5 36.0 1.478 9.412 10.89 21.55 22.38 43.93 0.685 3.2–5.1 30.0–55.0
 South Korea[101] 18.0 16.9 0.28 20.93 21.21 5.943 28.79 34.73 0.716 3.50–3.84 56.5–59.3
 Thailand 20 6 6 30 30 0.477 2.5[96]
  Switzerland[104] 0.03 0.03 0.15 2.5 2.65 3.4 26.3 29.7 3.955 3.18–3.30 9.53–50.8
 Austria 0.274 1.29 1.564 3.169 22.42 25.59 3.076 3.6–4.3 >0
 Luxembourg[94] 0.042 0.042 23.60 23.60 50.54
 Canada[105] 0 2.35 3.354 0.384 3.738 18.98 1.508 20.48 0.620 3.76 0–29.48(ON)
 Mexico 0.938 0.116 1.054 19.59 0.155 19.75 0.185 5.44–6.42 None
 United Kingdom[106] 1.9 89.4 0.376 3.007 3.383 1.3 12.96 14.26 0.232 3.67–5.72 0–11.74(exprt)
 India 43.4[112] 65 6 6 12 12 0.010
 Norway[107] 37.0 0 0.35 0.053 0.403 7.54 0.128 7.668 1.624 11.2 None
 Greece[94] 1.049 0.201 1.25 5.081 1.613 6.694 0.601 40.0–50.0
 Sweden[108] 0 55.4 0.302 0.301 0.613 4.285 0.555 4.84 0.529 3.24–7.02 None
 Belgium[94] 2.103 2.103 0.053 4.108 4.161 0.398
 Finland[94] 0.064 0.064 3.779 0.287 4.066 0.768
 Bangladesh 1.134 1.134 3.6 3.6 0.023
 Sri Lanka 0.65 0.65 3.6 3.6 0.187
 Portugal[94] 0.25 0.227 0.477 2.691 0.775 3.466 0.326
 Denmark[109] 0 0.525 0.04 0.21 0.25 0.335 2.565 2.9 0.531 5.36–8.04 None
   Nepal 0.333 0.333 2.333 2.333 0.083
 Israel[110] 0 0 0.275 0.275 1.294 0.025 1.319 0.183 4.3 13.13–16.40
 Cyprus[94] 0.08 0.44 0.52 0.45 0.526 0.976 1.142
 Czech Republic[94] 42[88] 0.241 0.241 0.15 0.621 0.771 0.075
 Malaysia[113] 0 0 .00452 0.00452 0.486 0.486 0.018 4.73 None
 Poland[94] 0.027 0.087 0.114 0.319 0.112 0.431 0.011
 Slovenia[94] 0.183 0.183 0.098 0.265 0.363 0.180
 Ireland[94] 0.3 0.3 0.070
 Bulgaria[94] 0.12 0.12 0.2 0.2 0.026 38.5–40.0
 Hungary[94] 0.09 0.065 0.155 0.015
 Slovakia[94] 0.004 0.004 0.064 0.064 0.012
 Malta[94] 0.033 0.033 0.048 0.048 0.118
 Lithuania[94] 0.023 0.023 0.04 0.04 0.012
 Estonia[94] 0.005 0.005 0.008 0.008 0.006
 Latvia[94] 0.001 0.001 0.006 0.006 0.003
Country Cells
Made
Modules
Made
off[94] on
grid
Δ
Installed
2006
off
grid
Σ
on
grid
Σ
Total
2006
Wp/capita
Total
Module
Price
€/Wp
Feed-in Tariff
EU¢/kWh
2005
2005 – Year-end PV capacity by country in MW

Original source gives these individual numbers and totals them to 37,500 kW. The 2004 reported total was 30,700 kW.[114] With new installations of 6,800 kW, this would give the reported 37,500 kW.

2005 – Year-end PV capacity by country in MW[115]
Country Cumulative Installed in 2005
Off Grid PV [kW] On Grid [kW] Total [kW] Total [kW] Grid-tied [kW]
Germany 29,000 1,400,000 1,429,000 635,000 632,000
Japan 87,057 1,334,851 1,421,908 289,917 287,105
United States 233,000 246,000 479,000 103,000 70,000
Australia 41,841 8,740 60,581 8,280 1,980
Spain 15,800 41,600 57,400 20,400 18,600
Netherlands 4,919 45,857 50,776 1,697 1,547
Italy 12,300 15,200 37,500* 6,800 6,500
France 20,076 12,967 33,043 7,020 5,900
Switzerland 3,250 23,800 27,050 3,950 3,800
Austria 2,895 21,126 24,021 2,961 2,711
Mexico 18,654 40 18,694 513 30
Canada 15,622 1,124 16,746 2,862 612
South Korea 5,663 9,358 15,021 6,487 6,183
United Kingdom 924 9,953 10,877 2,732 2,567
Norway 7,177 75 7,252 362 0
Sweden 3,983 254 4,237 371 0
Denmark 295 2,355 2,650 360 320
Israel 1,019 25 1,044 158 2
2004
2004 – Year-end PV capacity by country in MW
2004 – Year-end PV capacity by country in MW[116]
Country Cumulative Installed in 2004
Off-grid PV [kW] Grid-connected [kW] Total [kW] Total [kW] Grid-tied [kW]
Japan 84,245 1,047,746 1,131,991 272,368 267,016
Germany 26,000 768,000 794,000 363,000 360,000
United States 189,600 175,600 365,200 90,000 62,000
Australia 48,640 6,760 52,300 6,670 780
Netherlands 4,769 44,310 49,079 3,162 3,071
Spain 14,000 23,000 37,000 10,000 8,460
Italy 12,000 18,700 30,700 4,700 4,400
France 18,300 8,000 26,300 5,228 4,183
Switzerland 3,100 20,000 23,100 2,100 2,000
Austria 2,687 16,493 19,180 2,347 1,833
Mexico 18,172 10 18,182 1,041 0
Canada 13,372 512 13,884 2,054 107
Korea 5,359 4,533 9,892 3,454 3,106
United Kingdom 776 7,386 8,164 2,261 2,197
Norway 6,813 75 6,888 273 0

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Projection for 2015 is an overall average of estimates from IEA, SPE (EPIA), IHS, MC, Deutsche Bank, and BNEF
  2. ^ Note, that the report does not mention figures for 2015 explicitly. The above figures were inferred from the published bar-chart diagram on page 14, which translate into 41.1 GW for the low-case scenario and 60.2 GW for the high case scenario. Figures can only be as accurate as the diagram itself. The arithmetic mean of both scenarios is 50.7 GW.
  3. ^ See section forecast for 2015-projections
  4. ^ Displayed figures are recalculated from AC to DC-figure in megawatt-peak (MWp). The AC-to-DC conversion increases figure on average by 15% (normally in the range of 5%–30%)
  5. ^ Percentage figures based on "IEA-PVPS Trends 2014" report. Worldwide PV installations of 39,953 MW corresponds to 100% in the pie-chart. See table "2013—Global PV Capacity by Country in MW" for absolute figures.
  6. ^ IEA-PVPS trends 2014 (see reference in footer), noted on page 33, that the country had 30 MW installed at the beginning of 2013. Cumulative of 122 MW comes from the difference in IEA-PVPS snapshot 2015 report.
  7. ^ Displayed data is EPIA's recalculated DC-figure in megawatt-peak (MWp). Capacity in the original data was reported in AC and amounts to 4,640 MW (cumulative) and 102 MW (installed), as per IEA-PVPS, Trends 2014, p. 34. The conversion results in a difference of approximately 15%. See cited reference.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Lacey, Stephen (12 September 2011). "How China dominates solar power". Guardian Environment Network. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
  2. ^ a b "Crossing the Chasm". Deutsche Bank Markets Research. 27 February 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 April 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ a b "The projections for the future and quality in the past of the World Energy Outlook for solar PV and other renewable energy technologies" (PDF). Energywatchgroup. September 2015.
  4. ^ Osmundsen, Terje (4 March 2014). "How the IEA exaggerates the costs and underestimates the growth of solar power". Energy Post. Archived from the original on 30 October 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ Whitmore, Adam (14 October 2013). "Why Have IEA Renewables Growth Projections Been So Much Lower Than the Out-Turn?". The Energy Collective. Archived from the original on 30 October 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ "China Targets 70 Gigawatts of Solar Power to Cut Coal Reliance". Bloomberg News. 16 May 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
  7. ^ a b c "China's National Energy Administration: 17.8 GW Of New Solar PV In 2015 (~20% Increase)". CleanTechnica. 19 March 2015.
  8. ^ http://www.reuters.com/article/china-solar-idUSL3N15533U
  9. ^ http://www.businessgreen.com/bg/news/2442764/chinese-solar-capacity-outshone-germanys-in-2015
  10. ^ http://cleantechnica.com/2016/01/22/china-overtakes-germany-become-worlds-leading-solar-pv-country/
  11. ^ "Snapshot of Global PV 1992-2015" (PDF). http://www.iea-pvps.org/. International Energy Agency - Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme. 2015. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help)
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Global Market Outlook for Solar Power 2015-2019". http://www.solarpowereurope.org/. Solar Power Europe (SPE), formerly known as EPIA – European Photovoltaic Industry Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 June 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2015. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ a b c d e f g International Energy Agency (2014). "Technology Roadmap: Solar Photovoltaic Energy". http://www.iea.org. IEA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ "Led by China, the United States and Japan, Global Solar Installations to reach Approximately 66.7 GW, reports Mercom Capital Group". MercomCapital. 13 July 2016.
  15. ^ "Mercom forecasts 76GW in global PV installations in 2016". PV Tech. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
  16. ^ http://www.pv-tech.org/news/ihs-forecasts-global-solar-market-to-top-69gw-in-2016
  17. ^ "IHS Markit forecasts 77GW solar this year". PV Tech. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa "Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics 2014-2018". http://www.epia.org. EPIA – European Photovoltaic Industry Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 June 2014. Retrieved 12 June 2014. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ "Launch of Medium-Term Renewable Energy Market Report". IEA. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
  20. ^ a b c d e "Medium-Term Renewable Energy Market Report 2014 — Executive Summary". IEA. 28 August 2014. p. 13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 April 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ Ash Sharma (13 October 2015). "With Asian and U.S. Deployments Rising, IHS Raises Global 2015 Solar PV Forecast to 59 GW". IHS Technology.
  22. ^ a b SolarServer, IHS: Global solar PV installations will grow by 30% to reach 57 GW in 2015, 1 April 2015
  23. ^ "Cost of Solar to Drop Another 20-30% as 2020 Approaches". Solar Plaza. 16 February 2015. The global PV market in 2015 will likely end up around 54 GW, as we are looking for about 25-30% growth in total volumes by the end of this year .
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  25. ^ a b c d e "Global Solar Installations Forecast to Reach Approximately 64.7 GW in 2016, Reports Mercom Capital Group". MercomCapital. 28 December 2015.
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Cite error: A list-defined reference named "epia-2016" is not used in the content (see the help page).
Cite error: A list-defined reference named "pv-barometer-2015" is not used in the content (see the help page).

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