Virginia Interscholastic Association
The Virginia Interscholastic Association was an educational and extracurricular organization formed in 1954 by African American secondary school principals and administrators to provide African American high school students in Virginia with athletic, artistic, academic, and leadership opportunities unavailable to them in segregated schools.[1] From April 1954 to August 1969,[2] over 100 schools participated with the VIA and approximately 40,000 students became members of the organization. Once defunded, the VIA merged with the Virginia High School League (VHSL).[3] The distinguished alumni of the VIA include Mary Winston Jackson, one of the three women featured in the book Hidden Figures by Margot Lee Shetterly and the film of the same title,[4] tennis champion Arthur Ashe,[5] and basketball’s Bobby Dandridge. [6] The VIA served schools that were seen as a "beacon of hope" by many students. [7]
History
[edit]Formation
[edit]During a summer conference at Hampton University in 1952, high school principals in Virginia discussed the lack of funding in African American high schools and proposed an organization that would coordinate statewide activities for African American high school students.[8] On April 20, 1954, the VIA was established with the help of a group of African American high school principals in Virginia, Virginia State University, the Department of Education, and the General Assembly of Virginia which funded staff training for teachers and coaches at the request of Virginia State University.[9]
Administration
[edit]The VIA’s Executive Committee “administered activities, schedules, conferences, competitions and appointments. This body consisted of ‘(a) the three groups of member schools; (b) two representatives from the State Department of Education; (c) one member representing Virginia State College; (d) one junior high school representative (Womble).’”[10] A guidance counselor was made available to VIA members to assist them with their socioemotional and academic needs. The coordinated efforts of Virginia State University staff, teachers, coaches, the Department of Education and parents can be attributed with the success of the VIA.[10]
Hall of Fame
[edit]Each year the VIA Heritage Association inducts members to the hall of fame. In 2016, Olympic gold medalist Benita Fitzgerald Mosley was selected.[11] In 2022, seven members were inducted.[12]
Archives
[edit]In May of 2023, Billie Jean King and Ilana Kloss made a donation to Teaching for Change to digitize the archives at Virginia State University. [13]
Programs
[edit]The VIA organized and administered academics, associations, arts, and athletics programs for its student members.
Academics
[edit]African American high school students participated in academic competitions in mathematics and science, specifically algebra, chemistry, physics, and biology. Virginia State University, Virginia Union University, Hampton, and St. Paul’s College rotated hosting these academic competitions where students completed tests and quizzes. Students had to qualify for these competitions through an often rigorous process.[14]
Associations
[edit]The VIA also granted African American high school students leadership opportunities with Student Council, National Honor Society, and Student Participation Association. These leadership associations carved space for VIA members to learn and hone their leadership skills in a time of oppression and discrimination.[15]
Arts
[edit]In addition to academic and leadership opportunities, the VIA dedicated many of its resources to its arts and athletics programs. VIA members participated and performed in choir, music, and drama competitions and festivals at Virginia State University. Thousands of spectators attended these events where students were judged and awarded for their performances. Member schools often hosted theatrical performances as well.[16]
Athletics
[edit]Through its network of member schools, the VIA created opportunities for African American high school students to compete in football, basketball, baseball, golf, tennis, and track and field. Through its partnerships with Virginia State University, Virginia Union University, Hampton, and St. Paul’s College, the VIA helped African American high school students compete at the collegiate level. Collis_P._Huntington_High_School, for example, won sixteen Virginia Interscholastic Association eastern District titles and seven VIA state championships under coach Thad Madden from 1943 through 1971. Some of the most accomplished athletes in Virginia were members of the VIA. Renowned American tennis player Arthur Ashe (Maggie L. Walker High School) was a member of the VIA.[17]
Member Schools
[edit]| City or Town | School | Principal | Coach | Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blairs | Southside | W.S. Turner | James Earley | Group 1 |
| Charlottsville | Jackson Burley | E.G. Mobley | Robert S. Smith | Group 1 |
| Clarksville | West End | Mrs. D.J. Harris | Lewis Mardhall | Group 1 |
| Danville | John M. Langston | John Byrd, Jr. | Howard Allen | Group 1 |
| Hailfax | Halifax County Trg. | W.C. Edwards | C. H. Cage | Group 1 |
| Hampton | George P. Phenix | G.W. Stevenson | S.A. Booker | Group 1 |
| Lawrenceville | James Solomon russell | H.L. Giles | D. F. Thompson | Group 1 |
| Lynchburg | Dunbar | C.W. Seay | Harry Waters | Group 1 |
| Norfolk | Booker T. Washington | Winston Douglas | J. Christian | Group 1 |
| Norfolk | Crestwood | C.A. Wood | R.M. Andrews | Group 1 |
| Newport News | Huntington | W.D. Scales | F.L. Travis | Group 1 |
| Petersburg | Peabody | Clyde S. Scott | J.S. Burton | Group 1 |
| Portsmouth | I.C. Norcom | W.E. Waters | R.T. Smith | Group 1 |
| Rapidan | George W. Carver Reg. | H.S. Fleshmon | UNKNOWN | Group 1 |
| Richmond | Armstrong | G. Peterson, Jr. | M.C. Robinson | Group 1 |
| Richmond | Maggie L. Walker | G.W. Liverpool | A.L. Gardner | Group 1 |
| Roanoke | Lucy Addison | E.L. Phillips | C.L. Price | Group 1 |
| Rock Castle | St. Emma Military Acad. | Rev. A.O’Rourke | W. Clark, Sr. | Group 1 |
| Suffolk | East Suffolk | W.L. Turner | B.L. Davis | Group 1 |
| Warwick | George W. Carver | Homer Hines | W.I. Travis | Group 1 |
| Accomac | Mary N. Smith | F.L. Joynes | J.H. Parsons | Group 2 |
| Alexandria | Parker-Gray | W.H. Pitts | Louis Johnson | Group 2 |
| Amelia | Russell Grove | W.M. Green | A.L. Saunders | Group 2 |
| Arlington | Hoffman-Boston | G.M. Richardson | R.J. Griffin | Group 2 |
| Ashland | John M. Gandy | Mrs. E.D. bundy | G.W. Quarles | Group 2 |
| Bedford | Sussie Gibson | J.I. Jones | Peyton Otey | Group 2 |
| Beverlyville | Julius Rosenwald | J.A. Bennett | UNKNOWN | Group 2 |
| Bowling Green | Union | G.B. Ruffin | A.E. Love | Group 2 |
| Cambria | Christiansburg Inst. | J.F. Banks | T.R. Sease | Group 2 |
| Charlotte | Central | G.H. Binford | L.S. Oxendine | Group 2 |
| Chester | Carver | W.A. Brown | B.Hayes, Jr. | Group 2 |
| Courtland | Southampton Co. Trg. | C.W. Womble | Cohen Cosby | Group 2 |
| Dendron | L.P. Jackson | B.T. Potent | UNKNOWN | Group 2 |
| Dillwyn | Carter G. Woodson | G.F. Harris | A.D. Wilson | Group 2 |
| Dinwiddie | Southside | R.W. Watson | W.H. Morgan | Group 2 |
| Disputanta | Disputanta Training | W.H. Gillard | G.J. Hayes | Group 2 |
| Emporia | Edward W. Wyatt | F.H. Smith | W.C. Washington | Group 2 |
| Farmville | Robert R. Moton | S.F. Griffin | W.H. Truman | Group 2 |
| Fieldale | George W. Carver | N.E. Johnson | Reginald Leo | Group 2 |
| Franklin | Hayden | S.P. Morton | Leon Armstead | Group 2 |
| Fredericksburg | Walker-Grant | J.G. Johnson | P.H. Gunning | Group 2 |
| Glen Allen | Virginia Randoplh | U.C. Oliver | M.L. Glover | Group 2 |
| Gretna | Northside | Albert G. Tippitt | B.L. Dix | Group 2 |
| Louisa | A.G. Richardson | R.E. Phanelson | C.L. Conyors | Group 2 |
| Machipongo | Northampton County | W.H. Smith | B.E. Moss | Group 2 |
| Manassas | Manassas Regional | C.N. Bennett | P.W. Ellis | Group 2 |
| Martinsville | Albert Harris | J.E. Turner | R.M. Cole | Group 2 |
| Merrifield | Luther P. Jackson | T.M. Williams | G.W. Felton | Group 2 |
| Norfolk | Princess Anne Co. Trg. | J.V. Boykin | Judge Goss | Group 2 |
| Nottoway | L.H. Foster | J.B. Woodson | D.L. Maynard | Group 2 |
| Portsmouth | Our Lady of Victory | A.F. Pereira | UNKNOWN | Group 2 |
| Roanes | Thomas C. Walker | H.E. Johnson | W.J. Whitehead | Group 2 |
| Rocky Mount | Franklin Co. Trg. | C.L. Atkins | S.M. Hawkins | Group 2 |
| Rustburg | Cambell County | O.J. Duncan, Jr. | H.F. Pettiford | Group 2 |
| Ruthville | Ruthville | E.E. Scott | E.E. Scott | Group 2 |
| Salem | Carver | C.D. Harmon | I. Cannaday | Group 2 |
| Shipman | Nelson County Trg. | R.M. Thompson | UNKNOWN | Group 2 |
| Snell | John J. Wright | A.L. Scott | M. Morbrey | Group 2 |
| Smithfield | Isle of Wight Trg. | C.M. Gillis | M. Law | Group 2 |
| South Hill | East End | E.N. Taliaforro | O.L. Sherill, Jr. | Group 2 |
| South Norfolk | George W. Carver | C.S. Brabble | P.E. Parham | Group 2 |
| Suffolk | Booker T. Washington | J.F. Peele, Jr. | L. Dunovant | Group 2 |
| Templeman | A.T. Johnson | L.A. Richardson | J.A. Thompkins | Group 2 |
| Vitoria | Lunenburg | K.P. Evans | C.M. Jones | Group 2 |
| Warrenton | William C. Taylor | C.P. hazzard | C.I. Craig | Group 2 |
| Waverly | Sussex Co. Trg. | J.I. Bridgers | C.D. Jackson | Group 2 |
| Williamsburg | Bruton Heights | D.J. Montague | Ruell Blair | Group 2 |
| Appomattox | Carver-Price | Richard Patrick | N.H. Miller | Group 3 |
| Barryville | Johnson-Williams | L.D. Harding | L.D. Harding | Group 3 |
| Bluefield | Tazewell County | J.A. Hubbard | E.R. Coleman | Group 3 |
| Clifton Forge | Jefferson | W.C. Hill | UNKNOWN | Group 3 |
| Covington | Watson | C.G. Brown | UNKNOWN | Group 3 |
| Cumberland | Luther P. Jackson | J.B. Pervell | UNKNOWN | Group 3 |
| Edge Hill | Ralphe Bunche | L.C. Bland | T.R. Butler | Group 3 |
| Harrisonburg | Lucy F. Simms | A.M. Stitt | B.M. Hinton | Group 3 |
| Kolland | Nasemond County | H.E. Howell | E.C. Richards | Group 3 |
| Hopewell | Carter G. Woodson | B.F. Epps | R.J. Haynes | Group 3 |
| Irwin | Central | C.A. Pennington | M.N. Lewis | Group 3 |
| King and Queen | King and Queen Central | G.W. Robinson | B.D. Jones | Group 3 |
| King William | Hamilton-Holmes | S.D. Womack | H.A. Townes | Group 3 |
| Leesburg | Douglas | S.M. Sydnow | UNKNOWN | Group 3 |
| Lexington | Lylburn Downing | U.B. Broadneaux | G.C. Singfield | Group 3 |
| Luray | Andrew Jackson, Jr. | S.H. Dodson | Kirk N. Gaskin | Group 3 |
| Mathews | Thomas Hunter | J.M. Brooks | A.R. Cooley | Group 3 |
| Norton | Southside | G.N. Carr | UNKNOWN | Group 3 |
| Palmyra | S.C. Abrams | W.E. Friend | E.L. Edwards | Group 3 |
| Powhatan | Pochontas | G.W. Ransome | E. Finney | Group 3 |
| Quinton | G.W. Watkins | G.W. Watkins | UNKNOWN | Group 3 |
| Staunton | Booker T. Washington | A.R. Ware | J.D. Hicks | Group 3 |
| Stormont | St. Clare Walker | C.I. Thurston | J.D. Madison | Group 3 |
| Stuart | Patrick Central | P.H. Stone. Jr. | S.L. Lester | Group 3 |
| Tapahannock | Essex County | P.B. Parks | F.P. Holmes | Group 3 |
| Warsaw | Richmond County | W.H. Mackey | R.P. Young | Group 3 |
| Waynesboro | Rosenwald | E.G. Wood | K. Booker | Group 3 |
| White Stone | A.T. Wright | P.G. Lewis | UNKNOWN | Group 3 |
| Winchester | Douglas | K.N. Gaskins | E.K. Barksdale | Group 3 |
| Yorktown | James Weldon Johnson | R.L. Rice | W.M. Wallace | Group 3 |
References
[edit]- ^ "Shining a Light on History: Black High Schools in Virginia". Trinity Washington University. Retrieved 2023-01-29.
- ^ "Virginia Intercollegiate Association papers 1954-1969 | H-Net". networks.h-net.org. Retrieved 2023-07-09.
- ^ "History". Southeastern Football Officials Association. Retrieved 2023-01-29.
- ^ "Distinguished Alumni". The George P. Phenix High School Story. Retrieved 2023-01-29.
- ^ "Local legends Arthur Ashe and Willie Lanier bound for VIA Hall of Fame". richmondfreepress.com. Retrieved 2023-01-29.
- ^ Marsh, Rachel (2019-06-18). "1969 in Sports: Locals Gone Pro & National News | BoomerMagazine.com". BOOMER Magazine. Retrieved 2023-01-29.
- ^ "A BEACON OF HOPE". www.qgdigitalpublishing.com. Retrieved 2023-11-06.
- ^ "Virginia Intercollegiate Association papers 1954-1969 | H-Sport | H-Net". networks.h-net.org. Retrieved 2023-01-29.
- ^ "A Guide to the Virginia Intercollegiate Association Papers 1954-1969 Association, Intercollegiate Virginia 1969-37". ead.lib.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2022-05-31.
- ^ a b "Administration". Story of the Virginia Interscholastic Association (VIA). Retrieved 2022-05-31.
- ^ VHSL (15 January 2016). "Benita Fitzgerald Mosley selected to inaugural VIAHA Hall of Fame class". INSIDENOVA.COM. Retrieved 2023-01-29.
- ^ "VIAHA 2022 to induct new members". richmondfreepress.com. Retrieved 2023-01-29.
- ^ Thompson, Cameron (2023-06-03). "How donation from 2 tennis legends is preserving chapter of Virginia history". CBS 6 News Richmond WTVR. Retrieved 2023-07-09.
- ^ "Academics". Story of the Virginia Interscholastic Association (VIA). Retrieved 2022-05-31.
- ^ "Associations". Story of the Virginia Interscholastic Association (VIA). Retrieved 2022-05-31.
- ^ "Arts". Story of the Virginia Interscholastic Association (VIA). Retrieved 2022-05-31.
- ^ "THE VIA STORY". The VIA Heritage Association. Retrieved 2022-05-31.