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From a 14th-century manuscript
From a 14th-century manuscript

Tolui (c. 1191 – 1232) was a prominent general and prince of the early Mongol Empire. The fourth son of Genghis Khan and his first wife Börte, Tolui came to prominence in 1221 during the Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire—contemporary chroniclers claimed that his army killed more than three million people while capturing Merv and Nishapur in Khorasan. While modern historians consider this figure exaggerated, Tolui's campaign was undoubtedly brutal. A candidate to inherit his father's empire, Tolui was passed over in favour of his brother Ögedei; Tolui served as regent between Genghis's death in 1227 and Ögedei's coronation in 1229. He was instrumental in subduing the Chinese Jin dynasty, before dying in mysterious circumstances in 1232—explanations range from his self-sacrifice in a shamanic ritual to being poisoned by Ögedei. Led by his wife Sorghaghtani Beki, Tolui's family would become very influential—their sons Möngke and Kublai both acceded to the Mongol throne. (Full article...)

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Walter Q. Gresham

Walter Q. Gresham (1832–1895) was an American attorney, jurist, statesman, and politician who served in the cabinets of presidents Chester A. Arthur and Grover Cleveland. He was the 31st United States postmaster general under Arthur from 1883 to 1884 and briefly then the 35th secretary of the treasury from September to October 1884 before resigning to become a federal judge. He was twice a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 1884 and 1888 before leaving the party to support Cleveland in the 1892 election. He joined Cleveland's second cabinet as the 33rd U.S. secretary of state from 1893 until his death in 1895. Gresham served as a federal judge on the Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, the circuit courts for the Seventh Circuit, and the district court for the District of Indiana. This line engraving of Gresham was produced around 1902 by the Department of the Treasury's Bureau of Engraving and Printing, as part of a presentation album of the first 42 secretaries of the treasury.

Engraving credit: Bureau of Engraving and Printing; restored by Andrew Shiva

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