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Archaeoindris fontoynontii is a gorilla-sized extinct giant lemur, the largest primate known from Madagascar. This "sloth lemurs" was related to the extinct Palaeopropithecus and became extinct around 350 BCE. It was was first described by Herbert F. Standing in 1909 based on subfossil jaw fragments, although a complete skull was later found. Only six bones from the lower skeleton have been located. The skeleton was massive and the arms were longer than the legs, but no hand or foot bones are known. Size estimates based on the limited remains range as high as 244.1 kilograms (538 pounds), but regression analyses predicts a mass of 160 kg (350 lb). Misattributions and limited remains have resulted in differing opinions about how this lemur moved, although its skeleton suggests it was a climber that also travelled on the ground. Its diet was mostly leaves, and its habitat was a mix of woodlands and savanna, although the region is now mainly grassland. It was still extant when humans arrived, although vulnerable to hunting and habitat loss.(Full article...)