Zuiryū-ji (Toyama)
| Zuiryū-ji | |
|---|---|
瑞龍寺 | |
 Zuiryū-ji, Butsuden main hall | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Buddhist |
| Deity | Shaka Nyorai |
| Rite | Sōtō |
| Status | functional |
| Location | |
| Location | Takaoka, Toyama |
| Country | Japan |
  Shown within Toyama Prefecture  Zuiryū-ji (Toyama) (Japan) | |
| Geographic coordinates | 36°44′08″N 137°00′38″E / 36.735595°N 137.010504°E |
| Architecture | |
| Founder | Maeda Toshinaga |
| Completed | 1613 |
| Website | |
| Official website | |
Zuiryū-ji (瑞龍寺) is a Buddhist temple in Takaoka, Toyama Prefecture, Japan. The temple belongs to the Sōtō-school of Japanese Zen Buddhism.
History
[edit]The second daimyō of Kaga Domain, Maeda Toshinaga (1562–1614) after retiring to Takaoka, had a temple, Hōen-ji (法円寺) built, which was completed in 1613. After Toshinaga's death in 1614, the temple was renamed to Zuiryū-ji after his posthumous name, Zuiryū-in (瑞龍院). His younger brother, Maeda Toshitsune, and third daimyō of Kaga, in commemoration of Toshinaga, had the temple expanded starting in 1645. The extensions were supervised by Yamagami Zen’emon Yoshihiro (山上善右衛門嘉広) who completed the works for the 50th anniversary in 1663. The temple complex at the time covered an area of 118,800 m2 (1,279,000 sq ft) and — similar to a castle — was surrounded by two moats.
Temple complex
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The temple compound or garan in the zen style is modeled after the Zen temple Jingshanshou (径山寿寺) in Hangzhou.[1]
- The main entrance gate (総門, sōmon) (A) outside of the actual complex has a kirizuma style,[A 1] gabled roof with thin shingles (杮葺き, kokera-buki). It is a 3 ken wide yakuimon.[A 2] Decorated with the emblem (mon) of the Maeda clan, plum blossom and lions on either end, it is a good example of Momoyama and early Edo period ornamentation.[4][5]
- Built in 1645, the High gate (山門, sanmon) (T) was lost in fire in 1746. It was rebuilt from 1814 to 1818 by Yamagami Zen’emon Yoshihiro. The gate is a two-storied 3 ken wide main gate to the temple and has an irimoya style roof[A 3] with thin shingles (杮葺き, kokera-buki). On either side it is connected to a 3 ken wide, 1 ken deep single-storied corridor (kairō) with 'kirizuma-style roof, which connects most of the structures in the complex.[A 1][5]
- The main hall or Buddha-Hall (仏殿, butsuden) (B) is located in the centre of the temple compound. Made of elm wood, it measures 3×3 ken or 13 by 13 m (43 by 43 ft). The roof is in irimoya-style[A 3] with a pent roof enclosure,[A 4] lead plate roofing. Inside it is a mixture of Japanese and Indian style with good carvings; a masterpiece of Yamagami.[1][5]
- The Dharma Hall (法堂, hattō) (G) is the main assembly and lecture hall of the complex and dates to the year 1655. It is single-storied and measures 11×9 ken. The roof is in irimoya-style[A 3] with a 2×1 step canopy and karahafu gable.[A 5] It is roofed with copper plates. The ceiling of the central room has been decorated in floral motif by Kanō Yasunobu. At the end of the room in the central alcove there is a stele commemorating Maeda Toshinaga. The alcove to the right has been used for receptions by the Maeda, the one to the left was reserved for the priests and higher ranking cohorts of the Maeda.[4]
- Other buildings in the complex that are connected by the corridor are the large kitchen-residence (大庫裏, daikuri) (R), the meditation hall (禅堂, zen-dō) (Z), the large tea house (大茶堂, dai-chadō) (H).
Close to the entrance on the eastern side of the complex, the following buildings have been renovated recently: the bathhouse (浴室, yokushitsu) (Y) and the toilet (七間浄頭, shichiken chinjū) (N).[A 6]
In 1997 the High gate, the Buddha-Hall, and the Dharma-Hall were designated as National Treasure. The sōmon, the meditation hall, the large tea house and the corridors have been designated as Important Cultural Property. The temple owns a painting of Daruma by Sesshū, a Kannon by Kanō Tan'yū and other paintings.[1]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ a b (kirizuma-zukuri, 切妻造): a gabled roof with equal lengths from the ridge to the eaves[2]
- ^ (yakuimon, 薬医門): gate with gabled roof resting on two square or rectangular main posts and two square or circular secondary posts[3]
- ^ a b c (irimoya-zukuri, 入母屋造): a hip-and-gable roof combining a ridge and two gable pediments on the upper part with a hipped roof on all sides in the lower part of the roof[6]
- ^ (mokoshi, 裳階): a pent roof enclosure, generally one ken deep[7]
- ^ (karahafu, 唐破風): an undulating bargeboard flowing downwards from the top center with convex curves on each side that change to concave curves which either level off or turn upward at the ends[8]
- ^ At a zen temple, the toilet is variously paraphrased as (浄頭, lit. peace of mind) or tōchin (東浄, lit. eastern peace) or eastern office (東司).
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Suzuki, Toshihiko (Hrsg.): “Zuiryu-ji’’. In: Nihon daihyakka zensho (Denshibukku-han)”, Shogakukan, 1996.
- ^ "kirizuma-zukuri". JAANUS – Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System. Retrieved 2009-11-08.
- ^ "yakuimon". JAANUS – Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System. Retrieved 2016-12-15.
- ^ a b Toyama kindai rekishi kenkyukai rekishi sampo bukai (Hrsg.): Toyama-ken no rekishi sampo . Yamakawa Shuppan, 2008. ISBN 978-4-634-24616-4.
- ^ a b c 国指定文化財 データベース [Database of National Cultural Properties] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. 2016. Retrieved 2016-12-15.
- ^ "irimoya-zukuri". JAANUS – Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System. Retrieved 2009-11-08.
- ^ "mokoshi". JAANUS – Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System. Retrieved 2009-11-08.
- ^ "karahafu". JAANUS – Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System. Retrieved 2009-11-08.
Bibliography
[edit]- Mainichi Shimbu (Hrsg.): Juyo bunkazai 12. Tempelarchitektur. Mainichi Shimbun-sha, 1973.
External links
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